张家口市尾矿库环境风险遥感监测应用研究

尾矿库是一种巨大的环境风险源,一旦发生事故,会给周边环境带来严重危害,因而成为环境应急监管的重点。特别是近年来由尾矿库引起的突发环境事件呈现高发态势,使得尾矿库环境应急管理形势严峻。当前,我国尾矿库环境监管能力薄弱,主要依靠地面调查,信息与技术支撑能力严重不足。为此,面向环境应急管理的工作需求,在分析尾矿库特性及遥感技术特点的基础上,提出了尾矿库环境监管指标体系和监测方法,并以张家口为例,开展了“天地”一体化的尾矿库环境风险监测应用示范,增强了尾矿库的环境监管能力,同时也拓宽了遥感的应用面,为建立基于“天地”一体化的尾矿库环境监管技术体系和服务平台奠定了初步的技术基础。     

Integration of reclamation and tailings management in oil sands surface mine planning

The processing of oil sands generates large volumes of slurry, known as tailings, that is impounded in tailings ponds. Oil sands operators are committed to develop reclamation plans to ensure that the mine site is restored to a natural or economically usable landscape. Since most of the material that is needed for capping of the tailings pond is produced in mining operation, it is reasonable to include material requirement for reclamation as part of mine planning. In this paper, an integrated long-term mine planning model is proposed that includes tailings capacity and reclamation material requirements. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to test the performance of the proposed model. The MILP model is coded in Matlab^®. It is verified by carrying out a case study on an actual oil sands dataset, and has resulted in an integer solution within a 2% gap to the optimality. The resulted production schedule meets the capacity constraint of the tailings facility and guarantees the production of the required reclamation material.     

光电码盘技术在尾矿库高程测量中的应用

干滩高程测量是矿山企业尾矿库监测系统中一项重要的检测内容,用于检测矿山尾矿(废料)排放湖面的高度。尾矿库一般都地处偏远山区,要求检测设备具有很强的恶劣环境适应能力,因而迫切需要开发出一种新的测量技术,以用于满足数字化矿山建设的需要。光电码盘计数测距法就是为了满足这项实际需求而研发的。文章介绍了此项技术的工作原理、电路实现方法,并对波形处理、精度控制、数据处理等几方面也做了详细的阐述。     

基于ASP.NET的尾矿库在线安全监测系统设计

论文是关于尾矿库在线安全监测系统的研究与设计.尾矿库在线安全监测系统的设计实施,便于企业和安全监管部门快速掌握与尾矿库安全密切相关的技术指标的最新动态,有利于及时掌握尾矿库的运行状况和安全现状,可以提高尾矿库的安全性,保障库区下游企业正常运转及库区人民群众的生命财产安全,避免因尾矿库事故而造成的环境污染,保 护生态环境.     

基于GPS 的尾矿库坝体位移在线监测系统设计

尾矿库作为一种高势能人造泥石流危险源,其坝体位移的在线监测对防止溃坝灾害的发生起到至关重要的作用,利用GPS技术精度高、抗干扰性强等特点并采用实时差分变形监测技术来测量坝体表面关键点的水平和竖直位移,利用RS232和GPRS无线传输技术来实现数据的采集和传输,并加装可靠的防雷和电源供电装置,可以大大提高矿山安全的生产系数。     

基于SSD模型的京津冀地区尾矿库检测

我国尾矿库事故频发,所造成的危害极其严重.掌握尾矿库的数量及分布情况对预防尾矿库事故和开展尾矿库应急工作具有重大意义.传统的调查方法主要以地面调查为主,难以做到大范围高频次的监测.因此提出了一种基于深度学习的尾矿库目标检测方法,可以快速识别尾矿库的位置并掌握其地理分布.首先分析尾矿库在遥感图像上的特征,制作适合训练的样...     

一种尾矿库风险评估的可能性处理方法

尾矿库作为一种危险源,对其进行风险评估是很必要的。首先在统计国内尾矿事故的基础上分析不同事故类型发生的概率;然后根据概率可能性转换方法,将概率分布转换为可能性分布,引入可能性理论中的可能性测度;最后考虑各个事故发生时的风险,结合专家赋值法,将其综合起来,计算出尾矿库的风险值。以此风险值为基础,建立风险评估模型。结合工程实例,验证该方法的可行性和有效性。     

A one-dimensional reactive multi-component landfill leachate transport model

A one-dimensional reactive multi-component landfill leachate transport model coupled to three modules (geochemical equilibrium, kinetic biodegradation, and kinetic precipitation–dissolution) is presented to simulate the migration of contaminants in soils under landfills. A two-step sequential operator splitting method is applied to solve the coupled transport equations and the biogeochemical reaction equations. The geochemical module is based on the equilibrium speciation model (MINTEQA2), which uses ion-association equilibrium–constant approach to represent the various geochemical reactions. The biodegradation module describes the sequential biological degradation of organic compounds by multiple functional bacterial populations. Analytical equations based on macroscopic approach are used to model changes in porosity and permeability caused by biomass accumulation and mineral precipitation in soils. The model has been evaluated by comparing the model results with the widely used one-dimensional mixing-cell model PHREEQM for acidic mine tailings discharge in a carbonate aquifer. The composite leachate transport model is applied to a hypothetical landfill to simulate the effect of biological degradation of organic matter on the local inorganic geochemistry and also to demonstrate the effect of microbial activity on the evolution of porosity reduction of soils under the landfill.     

Spectral unmixing of airborne hyperspectral data for baseline mapping of mine tailings areas

The Kam Kotia mine tailings areas near Timmins in Ontario, Canada have been generating and discharging acidic mine drainage (AMD) into the surrounding areas for more than 35 years, killing large areas of forest and polluting the local water system. This paper presents results from the remote sensing monitoring programme in the Kam Kotia mine. Hyperspectral TRW (Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc.) Imaging Spectrometer III data were acquired over the Kam Kotia mine and tailings areas. This paper describes (1) the data pre‐processing (noise removal, atmospheric correction, spectral smile correction, scene‐based calibration) needed to radiometrically calibrate the images and (2) a novel procedure which combines constrained spectral mixture analysis and threshold‐based classification. With this developed procedure one can retrieve fraction maps of major mine tailings‐related surface materials and hence generate a surface map separating green vegetation, transition zones, dead vegetation, and oxidized tailings, and calculate the extent (surficial area) of each of the zones. The four zones are correlated with the extent and degree of vegetation cover affected by tailings material and are interpreted to span respectively from very low to medium, high, and very high AMD pollution. This procedure can be used to monitor changes in the course of the boundary between affected zones and finally quantify the rehabilitation process in mine tailings areas with high vegetation cover.     

GPS技术在煤矿垂直形变监测中的应用研究

介绍了GPS监测网的建立、煤矿垂直形变量的观测和数据处理方法,并将GPS监测结果与二等水准监测结果进行对比分析,得出结论:采用GPS静态定位技术监测煤矿垂直形变的结果能够很好地反映矿区的沉降和开挖情况;采用GPS技术与采用精密水准测得的结果平均差值不大于2mm,其所测得的大地高值及精度完全可以反映矿区地面点的垂直形变。     

Localizing Ground Penetrating RADAR: A Step Toward Robust Autonomous Ground Vehicle Localization

Autonomous ground vehicles navigating on road networks require robust and accurate localization over long‐term operation and in a wide range of adverse weather and environmental conditions. GPS/INS (inertial navigation system) solutions, which are insufficient alone to maintain a vehicle within a lane, can fail because of significant radio frequency noise or jamming, tall buildings, trees, and other blockage or multipath scenarios. LIDAR and camera map‐based vehicle localization can fail when optical features become obscured, such as with snow or dust, or with changes to gravel or dirt road surfaces. Localizing ground penetrating radar (LGPR) is a new mode of a priori map‐based vehicle localization designed to complement existing approaches with a low sensitivity to failure modes of LIDAR, camera, and GPS/INS sensors due to its low‐frequency RF energy, which couples deep into the ground. Most subsurface features detected are inherently stable over time. Significant research, discussed herein, remains to prove general utility. We have developed a novel low‐profile ultra‐low power LGPR system and demonstrated real‐time operation underneath a passenger vehicle. A correlation maximizing optimization technique was developed to allow real‐time localization at 126 Hz. Here we present the detailed design and results from highway testing, which uses a simple heuristic for fusing LGPR estimates with a GPS/INS system. Cross‐track localization accuracies of 4.3 cm RMS relative to a “truth” RTK GPS/INS unit at speeds up to 100 km/h (60 mph) are demonstrated. These results, if generalizable, introduce a widely scalable real‐time localization method with cross‐track accuracy as good as or better than current localization methods.     

基于Agent的井下透水事故逃生模型研究

为探讨井下发生透水事故时矿工逃生的可能性和成功逃生的比率,帮助矿工在复杂的井下环境和突发事故中准确选择逃生路线,建立了基于Agent的井下透水事故逃生模型。通过对井下人员在灾害中的生理和心理的需求进行分析,提取出了模型的运行规则。利用RePast软件建模仿真矿工的逃生行为,随机地生成逃生路线。模型运行结果表明：在井下发生透水事故时,利用模型生成的逃生路线能够有效降低井下人员的死亡率,帮助Agent安全逃生。     

尾矿库安全自动化监测系统的设计与实现

为了实现尾矿库的自动化管理,降低尾矿事故发生频率,提高尾矿生产效率,分析了我国尾矿库开发的现状,介绍了尾矿库系统的基本理论,并设计实现了在Visual Studio 2010下用C#语言的尾矿库安全自动化监测系统.该系统可对尾矿库相关数据进行实时监测,同时利用获取的各种数据完成图形输出、报表输出和分级报警功能,此外,系统还提供了GPS控制点在X、Y、Z三个方向上是否超限的预警功能,直观地反映出控制点在空间方向的实时状态.     

基于GPRS/Internet的GPS信息服务系统的设计与实现

介绍RTK技术的基本原理,提出基于GPRS/Internet的GPS实时差分系统的总体结构。分析传统通信链路存在的问题,对数传电台链路和GPRS/Internet网络数据传输方式进行分析比较,论证RTK技术与GPRS/Internet数据传输技术相结合的可行性,通过实际测试表明GPRS/Internet数据传输方式是可靠、稳定的。同时完成基准站GPS信息服务系统的软件设计。     

Particle mixing and reactive front motions in chaotic but closed shallow flows

A numerical study is presented of wind-induced active mixing and transport processes in closed shallow flows that are able to support chaotic advection. The wind-induced non-linear shallow water flow field is predicted using a quadtree grid based Godunov-type finite volume solver. Particles are tracked by numerically integrating the advection equations using velocity information interpolated from the predicted flow field. In complex oscillating flows, storage of all the necessary velocity information becomes problematical. Instead, we utilize the mean field and the first few dominant unsteady contributions as determined using Singular Value Decomposition. The advected particles are assumed to support autocatalytic reaction defined as A + B → 2B. Wind-induced reactive particle advection is considered in a realistic mine tailings pond with somewhat idealized bed topography. The reactive process reaches a stationary stage where reaction products occupy the whole closed flow domain. However, in the transient stage, particles undergo active advection and trace out filamentary structures that are similar to those in open flows. Because of the impossibility of particle escape and the global fine-scale chaotic mixing, the initial stages of chaotic mixing in closed flows are more efficient than in open flows. The results qualitatively validate a surface reaction theory derived by Károlyi and Tél [Károlyi G, Tél T. Chemical transients in closed chaotic flows: the role of effective dimensions. Phys Rev Lett 2005;95:264501-1-4] for closed systems.     

Temporal analysis of forest structural condition at an acid mine site using multispectral digital camera imagery

A large abandoned tailings deposit at a mine site near Timmins, Ontario, Canada has produced significant damage in an adjacent forest due to contamination and wind stress. Significant forest structure changes were measured between 1997 and 1999. A multivariate image-based forest structure index (FSI) was developed using canonical correlation analysis of 1997 field and airborne digital camera data. FSI included decreasing canopy closure and leaf area index, and increasing blown down and standing dead structure measures associated with image spectral, textural and radiometric fraction variables. An image model predicting FSI achieved an R ²=0.66. The model equation was then applied to 1999 airborne imagery to predict FSI for each plot. Comparing the 1999 image predicted FSI to that calculated from field data showed that the model was strong in predicting positive or no forest structure changes, but not increased structure degradation. The latter was due to the presence of herbaceous and shrub vegetation that had developed during the two-year period in open plots near the tailings where blow down was significant. The next research phase will derive means to separate these two signals in forests of open overstory.     

高压变频器在矿山提升机电控系统中的应用之探讨

本文就目前高压变频器在国内提升机电控系统中的应用做了一定探讨,并对高压变频在矿山提升机得以应用的先进性做了阐述.介绍了巴彦淖尔西部铜业有限公司获各琦铜矿一号副井提升机交流电控改造为高压变频调速系统后的优点,显示了高压变频技术对巴彦淖尔两部铜业有限公司获各琦铜矿一号副井提升系统的安全生产、矿石提升发挥了巨大的作用,并创造...     

Application of satellite radar data suggest that the Kharga Depression in south-western Egypt is a fracture rock aquifer

SIR-C and Radarsat radar data have been used to map structural and fluvial features in south-western Egypt in order to identify new ground-water resources in fracture rock aquifer settings. These radar data show broad areas of the desert are dissected by a dense fluvial network of palaeochannels. Radar data are ideal for mapping palaeochannels since some are sand covered (L- band has the ability to penetrate to at least 2 m beneath the sand in arid areas) and many show pronounced structural control (radar clearly depicts the scarp faces of faults). Strong structural control of drainage is consistent with the development of fracture rock aquifers. Five types of channel morphologies have been identified. These are: channels with a stepwise pattern; braided channels; dendritic and trellis-like channels with pronounced structural control; and flood features that follow regionally extensive faults (up to 50 km length). The regionally extensive faults drain numerous wadis and extend for tens of kilometres in length, and likely reflect the existence of several connecting horizontal aquifers in the subsurface. These regional faults converge on the Kharga Depression, indicating a principal megawatershed in south-western Egypt leads to the subsurface here. The other fault types are more local in extent, thus reflect fracture rock aquifers of more limited areal extent.     

EO-1 Hyperion数据的预处理、特征提取和岩性填图研究

EO-1 Hyperion传感器是第一个可以获取可见光与近红外以及短波红外波长范围光谱信息的星载高光谱传感器。本文以美国最早的金矿采矿区之一,加利福尼亚州东南巧克力山的Rainbow金矿区作为研究案例,探讨了Hyperion数据的预处理方法,专题信息提取与填图,评估了Hyperion高光谱数据在识别与金矿有关的岩性类型的应用价值。结果表明,本文所提出的Hyperion数据预处理方法是有效的,MNF方法能有效用于Hyperion数据维数的降低和数据冗余的去除以及分类特征的提取。最大似然分类器能够有效地从Hyperion高光谱数据中提取与金矿相关的重要岩体信息,所得到的岩性单元与地质图上对应的岩性分布具有很好的一致性。岩体分类的总精度为86%。该研究表明,Hyperion高光谱数据能够很好识别有细微光谱差别的岩性,因而在地质学研究与找矿领域有着良好的应用前景。     

移动闭塞系统列车组合定位导航技术研究

首先,分析了移动闭塞系统及其定位导航技术的研究现状,建立了基于网络实时动态测量(RTK)技术的GPS/INS/MM的定位导航组合方案;然后,提出了用伪距差分计算用户站概略位置和用载波相位差分计算整周模糊度单差值的快速差分算法.并讨论了有助于列车导航和控制的列车信息移动管理和基于GPRS的数据通信等;最后,对网络RTK快速差分算法进行了仿真分析,其结果验证了该算法对实现列车实时精确定位导航的可行性.