基于模糊神经网络的液体火箭发动机振动检测

液体火箭发动机振动检测涉及部件振动数据的收集、振动特征的抽取与度量以及度量结果的决策。基于模糊神经网络提出了一种发动机振动故障检测的基本系统。这种技术的吸引力在于：神经网络采用可变模糊集代表发动机工作模式，自然地提供了反映故障程度的有用信息；神经网络的离线学习算法可以从训练样本中提取振动知识；神经网络的监测算法不仅能正确预报故障，同时也能对新的振动信息进行在线学习。实验研究结果表明：模糊神经网络可以成功地用于泵压式液体火箭发动机热试车的振动故障检测。     

基于BP网络的往复泵泵阀故障识别系统的研究

本文基于BP神经网络模型，通过准确采集往复泵液力端各阀箱阀关闭激起的瞬态响应，并以响应的振动频谱为主要征兆，建立了基于BP网络往复泵泵阀故障的诊断系统。计算机模拟识别表明，该系统可较为准确地识别出各泵阀的故障。     

Investigation on Axial Displacement Fault Mechanism Based on Dynamic Characteristic Coefficients Identification of Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearing

To prevent the thrust bearing damage faults, the thrust bearing pad temperature and the static axial displacement variation are usually monitored and cared about, but axial vibration caused by axial dynamic excitation can also result in the severe rubbing. An electric oil pump system with overflow valve is designed on a similar industrial centrifugal compressor test-rig to apply the axial low-frequency excitation from 3 to 7 Hz, and the axial and radial vibration response amplitudes are analyzed. Then, the stiffness and damping coefficients of tilting-pad thrust bearing (TPTB) are identified by instrumental variable filter (IVF) algorithm to reveal the mechanism of TPTB dynamic characteristics affecting axial vibration. Finally, a fault case about surge and the rubbing of thrust bearing is studied. Compared with axial vibration, radial vibration does not directly correlate to axial excitation, and the axial frequency spectrum is an effective method to diagnose axial displacement faults; the static axial load, the dynamic excitation amplitude and the excitation frequency all exert influence on thrust bearing dynamic characteristics and axial vibration response. The research results can guide the design of thrust bearings and help to diagnose the axial displacement faults, while the test device and method can be used to measure the static and dynamic characteristics of thrust bearings.     

建筑物附属系统减振降噪的应用研究

本文分析了建筑物典型附属系统中央空调和供水泵引起结构振动与高水平环境噪声产生的原因,用仪器揭示了振噪机理,通过诊断－技巧与施工－对比测试与分析成功实现了减振减降噪,说明所采用的研究途径和应用技术的有关性。     

声阵列测试技术在微型泵降噪中的应用研究

声源定位作为机械降噪的关键之一,有效指导着产品噪声问题的解决。某微型压力水泵的噪声较大,为了有效降噪,综合声阵列测试技术和机械降噪技术,构建了一套完整的降噪优化流程方法。在声源定位过程中采用声阵列采集实验数据,利用声强法与波束形成技术获取得到微型压力水泵噪声源的主要声源位置位于套筒中部,结合流场与结构场的实验分析,进一步验证了泵体噪声主要由套筒结构的振动发声所致。在准确识别声源的位置后提出相应的降低本体噪声的改进方法并进行了验证,结果表明：增大壳体的阻抗特性和通过弱化电机与顶盖和底盖的轴向连接刚度的方式可以有效降低压力水泵的噪声。     

燃气轮机发电机组的振动信号监测与分析系统

研发了一套燃气轮机振动监测、故障诊断系统，系统集数据采集、分析，振动状态检测，振动故障预报、诊断为一体。系统常规的分析功能主要有频谱分析、转子轴心轨迹分析、小波分析、短时傅立叶变换、相关分析等；另外配有趋势分析、报警功能，并建立了振动故障诊断数据库，实现对燃气轮机主要部件的故障诊断。电站现场的6台燃气轮机测试结果表明，本系统的软件功能和硬件功能可以满足燃气轮机振动监测和振动故障诊断的要求。     

泵—马达液压传动系统中的压力拍振分析

在泵—马达液压传动系统中,由于泵和马达的周期性吸油排油,不可避免地存在流量脉动,当泵和马达脉动的频率相接近时,系统会发生压力拍振现象。建立泵-马达传动系统的压力脉动数学模型,从理论上分析压力拍振的周期和幅值特点。采用集中参数法建立泵-马达传动系统的仿真模型,并通过仿真和试验分析系统压力拍振的规律,结果表明当泵和马达脉动频率比较接近时会发生压力拍振且拍振幅值随频率接近程度增加而增加。在压力拍振机理分析的基础上,提出合理选取传动比和柱塞数目可以有效抑制系统压力拍振。     

基于以太网精装联动线控制系统的研究

在深入分析精装联动线生产工艺要求的基础上,设计了一套基于以太网精装联线自动控制系统。该系统采用台达的DVPEN以太网模块、DVP28SV PLC以及DVP10MC多轴运动控制器。阐述了DVPEN以太网模块与DVP10MC运动控制器的工作特点,并分析了以太网在系统中的应用。实践表明,该系统结构设计合理,减少了系统的开发时间,同时操作便利。     

破碎设备网络化在线状态监测与故障诊断系统

应用虚拟仪器技术进行破碎设备在线监测与故障诊断,并用网络技术实现数据的网络传输和远程监测.利用NI公司提供的G web Server实现系统监测显示面板的网页发布,利用Datasocket技术快速实现监测数据的网络传输.LabVIEW和网络技术的结合可以方便客户获取检测图像和检测结果.本系统在对破碎设备主要性能参数（如破碎机水平轴扭矩,振动,速度,间隙,温度,压力,流量等）的在线检测和远程故障诊断上均取得了较好的效果.     

Research on the Correlation Between Oil Menitoring and Vibration Monitoring in Information Collecting and Processing Monitoring

Oil monitoring and vibration monitoring are two principal techniques for mechanical fault diagnosis and condition monitoring at present. They monitor the mechanical condition by different approaches, nevertheless, oil and vibration monitoring are related in information collecting and processing. In the same mechanical system, the information obtained from the same information source can be described with the same expression form. The expressions are constituted of a structure matrix, a relative matrix and a system matrix. For oil and vibration monitoring, the information source is correlation and the collection is independent and complementary. And oil monitoring and vibration monitoring have the same process method when they yield their information. This research has provided a reasonable and useful approach to combine oil monitoring and vibration monitoring.     

Fault mode analysis and detection for gear tooth crack during its propagating process based on dynamic simulation method

Gearbox is one of the most important parts of rotating machinery, therefore, it is vital to carry out health monitoring for gearboxes. However, it is still an unsolved problem to disclose the impact of gear tooth crack fault on gear system vibration features during the crack propagating process, besides effective crack fault mode detection methods are lacked. In this study, an analytical model is proposed to calculate the time varying mesh stiffness of the meshing gear pair, and in this model the tooth bending stiffness, shear stiffness, axial compressive stiffness, Hertzian contact stiffness and fillet-foundation stiffness are taken into consideration. Afterwards, the vibration mechanism and effects of different levels of gear tooth crack on the gear system dynamics are investigated based on a 6 DOF dynamic model. Then, the crack fault vibration mode is studied, and a parametrical-Laplace wavelet method is presented to describe the crack fault mode. Furthermore, based on the maximum correlation coefficient (MCC) criterion, the optimized Laplace wavelet base is determined, which is then designed as a health indicator to detect the crack fault. The results show that the proposed method is effective in fault diagnosis of severe tooth crack as well as the early stage tooth crack.     

28000m~3/h空分设备配套引进设备运行情况总结

介绍兖矿鲁南化肥厂28000 m3/h空分设备配套的进口液氧泵、液氮泵和透平膨胀机等引进设备的设计参数,分析在运行过程中出现的液氧泵电机烧坏、液氮泵汽蚀、液氮泵迷宫损坏和透平膨胀机轴振动值波动频繁等问题,叙述了处理问题的方法和措施。     

大型离心空压机轴向力在线监测在试车中的应用

阐述大型离心空压机轴向力在线监测系统的作用,介绍在一台离心空压机试车过程中,应用轴向力在线监测系统的分析数据对故障进行分析及处理的实例。     

振动信号时变特征的提取,压缩及机械状态监测

往复式机械和许多周期运转机械的振动激励都具有脉冲性质,振动响应的时间相关局部细节包含丰富的故障信息.本文提出了振动信号的时变模型,用以提取机械运转特征,并提出使用正交变换描述特征母体的一阶矩和二阶矩的方法,在时变特征提取、压缩的基础上,引入模式识别中的距离准则,判断任一信号与母体的相似性,以作为一种监测的度量手段.一个关于柱塞泵振动信号监测的例子说明了本方法的使用过程.     

往复泵曲柄连杆机构振动特性分析

运用刚性和柔性多体系统动力学理论,对舱底泵曲柄连杆机构进行运动学和动力学计算,分析出其主要激励力频率和大小,并运用多体系统动力学软件Adams,对其进行运动学、动力学仿真和振动分析。结果表明,用柔性多体动力学理论将机构柔性化,能够更加准确揭示其振动特性,对往复泵设计和低噪声修理具有重要参考意义。     

An Embedded Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System for Rotary Machines

An intelligent machine is the earnest aspiration of people. From the point of view to construct an intelligent machine with self-monitoring and self-diagnosis abilities, the technology for realizing an internet oriented embedded intelligent condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system for the rotating machine with remote monitoring, diagnosis, maintenance and upgrading functions is introduced systematically. Based on the DSP （ Digital Signal Processor） and embedded microcomputer, the system can measure and store the machine work status in real time, such as the rotating speed and vibration, etc. In the system, the DSP chip is used to do the fault signal processing and feature extraction, and the embedded microcomputer with a customized Linux operation system is used to realize the internet oriented remote software upgrading and system maintenance. Embedded fault diagnosis software based on mobile agent technology is also designed in the system, which can interconnect with the remote fault diagnosis center to realize the collaborative diagnosis. The embedded condition monitoring and fault diagnosis technology proposed in this paper will effectively improve the intelligence degree of the fault diagnosis system.     

齿轮故障振动信号非高斯性特征趋势分析

以齿轮箱实测振动信号为对象,对齿轮点蚀故障发展过程深入研究。通过Gabor滤波仅保留振动信号的边带成分与随机成分;据双谱分析结果研究信号非线性、非高斯性变化,并提取非高斯性强度特征值;在故障趋势分析中利用“3σ准则”设定故障阈值。结果表明,非高斯性强度特征值对齿轮点蚀故障较敏感,可揭示故障发展变化趋势,有利于齿轮故障报警及寿命预测,对齿轮传动系统状态监测与故障诊断具有实际意义。     

离心泵转子动力学模型中流体力的简化

采用叶轮流体力的简化方式可以提高离心泵流体激励诱发振动的计算的准确程度。根据达朗伯原理对试验台架建立了包含离心泵基座的四圆盘三轴段转子动力学模型;将流体力分别简化为叶轮内20 %流体质量、40 %流体质量、CFD集中力与力矩,采用Newmark-隐式算法对转子动力学模型进行瞬态响应分析。结果表明,将叶轮上流体力简化为CFD;所得集中力与力矩时;可有效得出离心泵运转过程中流体激励所诱发的基座振动。而所获得的基座振动位移与加速度幅值均远大于将流体力简化为叶轮内20 %或40 %流体质量所获得的基座振动数值。另一方面,将流体力简化为叶轮内40 %流体质量所获得的基座振动大于简化为叶轮内20 %流体质量所获得的基座振动。     

基于HHT的数控机床主轴振动监测系统的研制

为监测数控机床主轴的运行状态,针对机床主轴在工况条件变化或故障发生时振动信号的非平稳特性,研制基于HHT时频分析方法的数控机床主轴振动监测软、硬件系统。硬件系统包括基于FPGA主控模块与PC104总线的数据采集模块;软件系统包括时域波形监测与特征数据监测两模块,其中特征数据监测模块具有监测频谱分布及时频分布功能。为更直观、准确反映数控机床主轴振动信号的非平稳特性,提出基于HHT的主轴振动信号特征提取方法,实现对振动信号时频分布的实时监测。数控机床主轴振动信号测试结果表明,该系统在监测信号时域波形与频谱分布的同时,能利用HHT的瞬时频率描述特性,实现对数控机床主轴振动信号时频分布的实时监测。     

地表水源热泵在区域性能源的应用

介绍了湘潭市城市中心区利用地表水地源热泵建成区域性能源系统.通过对城市中心区的整体规划,利用8万平方米水域的梦泽湖作为空调系统的冷、热源,为该区域内建筑夏季制冷、冬季供暖.地表水地源热泵利用了可再生能源,且系统能效比要高于传统中央空调系统,在运行中产生了良好的经济效益和社会效益.区域性能源供应站加上利用可再生能源的地源热泵系统是一种值得大力推广的形式.