阴离子掺杂对KDP晶体光散射的影响

选用硫酸钾、硝酸钾和氯化钾作为掺杂剂, 采用传统降温法和“点籽晶”快速法生长了磷酸二氢钾(KDP)晶体, 利用超显微法对KDP晶体中的散射颗粒进行了观察, 研究了SO₄^2- 、NO ₃^- 和Cl ^- 三种阴离子掺杂对晶体中光散射的影响. 结果表明, 掺杂后SO₄^2-造成晶体光散射的轻度增加; 而NO ₃ ^-和Cl ^- 离子掺杂后, 对于传统降温法所得晶体, 散射明显加重, 对于“点籽晶”快速法所得晶体的散射影响不大.     

KDP晶体生长习性与快速生长研究

发现由五氧化二磷合成的KDP晶体生长原料中含有大量还原性亚磷酸盐杂质．实验表明,亚磷酸盐对晶体锥面生长有显著的抑制作用．低浓度时造成柱面扩展,在高浓度时则使整个晶体的生长速度变慢．这种原料以适当方法提纯后,用“点籽晶”技术进行快速生长实验,平均生长速度达到13．7mm／天．     

硫酸盐掺杂导致KDP晶体开裂的研究

采用传统降温法生长了掺杂不同浓度的SO42-离子KDP晶体,研究分析了晶体的宏观缺陷及开裂形式,从晶体生长角度初步分析了硫酸盐掺杂导致KDP晶体开裂的主要原因。实验表明,随着SO42-离子掺杂浓度的增大,KDP晶体的主要开裂形式是垂直于生长层{101}面的裂纹;晶体中裂纹存在的区域都分布有大量层层平行于生长层的母液包藏。随着SO42-离子掺杂浓度的进一步增大,晶体内包藏呈云雾状分布,裂纹不规则,晶体质量严重下降,透明度降低。     

Optical, structural and electrical properties of pure and urea doped KDP crystals

Single crystals of good optical quality, made of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) doped with urea were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at a constant temperature of 35 °C. Optical absorption and dielectric properties were studied for pure and urea doped KDP crystals. Using powder XRD studies, crystalline nature of pure and urea doped KDP crystals was confirmed. AC conductivity was measured for the grown crystals. DC electrical conductivity and photoconductivity studies were carried out for pure and urea doped KDP crystals and the differences caused by the dopant were also discussed.     

添加剂DTPA对KDP晶体快速生长及性能的影响研究

在添加1×10^-4 (mol/mol KDP) 二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)的溶液中, 利用“点籽晶”快速生长法生长了KDP晶体. 实验发现, 添加少量DTPA即可使不同饱和温度下的KDP生长溶液的亚稳区宽度均得到提高. 利用激光偏振干涉装置研究了不同浓度的DTPA对KDP晶体(100)面生长动力学的影响. 发现随DTPA掺杂量增加, 临界过饱和度(死区)一直降低, 生长速度则是先增加经过一个最大值后减小. 表征了晶体的光学透过率和晶体内部的杂质金属离子含量, 发现掺杂1×10^-4 (mol/mol) DTPA大幅提高了快速生长的KDP晶体在紫外区的透过率, 并有效地减少了进入晶体内部的杂质金属离子含量.     

Linear electrooptic effect in doped KDP crystals

The dispersion of half wave voltages with wave length and temperature of potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate (KDP) crystals with additives and dopants like borax, nickel phosphate, manganese phosphate, sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate and potassium arsenate were determined. The refractive index for all the above crystals were found by the modified Rayleigh’s refractometer method. The linear electrooptic coefficients were calculated at various wavelengths of light. The variation of half wave voltage was also studied as a function of concentration of the dopant.     

Dielectric parameters of KDP single crystals added with urea

Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) having superior nonlinear optical properties has been exploited for variety of applications. We have grown KDP single crystals added with urea by the slow evaporation method from aqueous solutions. Dielectric measurements were carried out along both the unique axis and perpendicular directions at various temperatures ranging from 313 to 423 K by the conventional parallel plate capacitor method. The present study indicates that the dielectric parameters increase with the increase in temperature but do not vary systematically with respect to impurity concentration. Also, it indicates that 0.6 mole% urea addition to KDP leads to low permittivity value dielectrics.     

实时控制过饱和度降温法生长KDP晶体

用变压器型电导仪实现了ＫＤＰ晶体生长过程中溶液的浓度和过饱和度的实时测量与控制,测量精度±０．０３ｇ ＫＤＰ／１００ｇ Ｈ_２Ｏ（±０．１０％相对过饱和度）,控制精度与测量精度相当．过饱和度实时控制系统提供了一种方法,可以研究在不同工艺条件生长ＫＤＰ晶体时,过饱和度与晶体生长和性能的关系．用分析纯原料生长ＫＤＰ晶体,发现随着过饱和度的增大,晶体的生长速度加快,晶体的均匀性降低．过饱和度实时控制系统可以使ＫＤＰ晶体在相对恒定的过饱和度下生长,提高了晶体生长的均匀性,抑制了生长层和散射颗粒的产生,有利于提高晶体的光学透过率和光伤阈值．     

大尺寸KDP晶体生长开裂的尺度效应分析

在人工生长大尺寸KDP(磷酸二氢钾,KH2PO4)晶体过程中晶体会发生开裂现象,尤其是晶体生长到400mm左右时晶帽下端容易出现裂纹.为了研究KDP晶体的生长过程中的开裂机制,采用有限元方法模拟该晶体的生长过程,重点分析了晶体在不同生长尺寸的应力场分布规律,结果表明生长过程中晶体内部应力分布存在明显的尺度效应.当KDP晶体生长达到400mm时,晶帽下部受力逐渐由受压状态转变为受拉状态,根据KDP晶体材料抗拉不抗压的性质,此时开裂的机率增大.这一发现为下一步深入研究晶体生长开裂的损伤力学机制和寻找KDP晶体生长中的防裂措施奠定了基础.     

Growth and electro-optic studies in mixed (NH4) x K1−x H2PO4 single crystals

Single crystals and mixed crystals of KH₂PO₄ (KDP) and NH₄H₂PO₄ (ADP) were grown with different dopant concentrations of NH₄H₂PO₄ in KH₂PO₄ in solution by Holden’s rotary crystallizer technique. The effect of additives like Borax (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O), seed crystal rotation rate and qualities of the crystals were studied. The half-wave voltages (in longitudinal mode) for KDP mixed with 1% ADP (by weight) were found and hence the unclamped (low frequency) electro-optic coefficients (r ₆₃) were calculated for various wavelengths in the visible region of the spectrum. It was noted that the half-wave voltage increases with increase in wavelength and temperature.     

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of KDP crystals with incorporated Al2O3⋅nH2O nanoparticles

Optical and nonlinear optical properties of a novel composite system based on KDP single crystals with embedded nanoparticles of nanostructured oxyhydroxide of aluminum (Al₂O₃·nH₂O, NOA), were studied. KDP crystals with NOA nanoparticles (KDP:NOA) possess high optical quality and homogeneity. Optical spectroscopy showed the presence of an absorption band at 270 nm caused by NOA nanoparticles incorporated in the KDP matrix. There was observed an enhancement of nonlinear refractive index and inversion of its sign in KDP:NOA crystals in comparison with nominally pure KDP crystals under excitation of picosecond laser pulses. The obtained results demonstrate that KDP:NOA is a promising composite material for optoelectronics and nonlinear optics.     

Cr3+掺杂对快速生长KDP晶体的生长习性和光学性能的影响

采用快速法生长了掺杂不同Cr3+浓度的KDP晶体,测试了KDP晶体(100)面在不同Cr3+掺杂浓度下的生长速度及死区,表征了Cr3+掺杂的KDP晶体的Cr3+元素分布、透过光谱、散射颗粒分布和光损伤阈值.实验表明Cr3+易吸附在晶体(100)面,从而增大了(100)生长死区,并降低了(100)面生长速度.Cr3+使快...     

L-丙氨酸掺杂下KDP晶体成核特性及生长实验研究

通过实验测定了L-丙氨酸掺杂下KDP溶液的亚稳区和诱导期,根据经典成核理论计算了晶体成核的热力学和动力学参数,分析了L-丙氨酸对KDP溶液成核特性的影响。结果表明,随着掺入的L-丙氨酸浓度的增大,KDP的溶解度减小,亚稳区变宽,诱导期变长,溶液更加稳定。采用吊晶法进行了KDP晶体生长实验,发现其(100)面法向生长速度随掺杂浓度增大而减小,在过饱和度σ>0.04时,晶体(100)面的生长以二维成核生长机制为主。     

Investigation of SR method grown 0 0 1 directed KDP single crystal and its characterization by high-resolution X-ray diffractometry (HRXRD), laser damage threshold, dielectric, thermal analysis, optical and hardness studies

0 0 1 directed potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) single crystal was grown by Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy (SR) method. The 0 0 1 oriented seed crystals were mounted at the bottom of the platform and the size of the crystals were 10 mm diameter, 110 mm height. Two different growths were tried, in one the crystal diameter was the ampoule's inner diameter and in the other the crystal thickness was less than the ampoule diameter. In the first case only the top four pyramidal faces were existing whereas in the second case the top four pyramidal faces and four prismatic faces were existing through out the growth. The crystals were grown using same stoichiometric solution. The results of the two growths are discussed in this paper. The grown crystals were characterized by high-resolution X-ray diffractometry (HRXRD), laser damage threshold, dielectric, thermal analysis, UV–vis spectroscopy and microhardness studies. The HRXRD analysis indicates that the crystalline perfection is excellent without having any very low angle internal structural grain boundaries. Laser damage threshold value has been determined using Nd:glass laser operating at 1054 nm. The damage threshold for the KDP crystal is greater than 4.55 GW cm⁻². The dielectric constant was higher and the dielectric loss was less in SR method grown crystal as against conventional method grown crystal. In thermal analysis, the starting of decomposition nature is similar in SR method grown KDP crystal and conventional method grown crystal. The SR method grown KDP has higher transmittance and higher hardness value compared to conventional method grown crystals.     

DCTA对KDP晶体的快速生长与光学性能的影响

环己二胺四乙酸(DCTA)作为一种新型添加剂被加入到KDP晶体生长溶液中。采用“点籽晶”快速生长技术, 在掺杂100×10^-6 DCTA的饱和溶液中, 生长了KDP晶体, 生长速度达20 mm/d。研究了这种新型添加剂DCTA对快速生长的KDP晶体的生长习性和光学质量的影响, 并与常用添加剂EDTA的影响效果进行了对比。研究发现, 在KDP晶体生长溶液中添加100×10^-6 DCTA使生长溶液的亚稳区宽度提高了约10℃, 晶体(100)面的生长速度提高了3~10倍; 生长出的晶体在紫外波段的透过率上升了2~8倍, 晶体内部的光散射大大减轻, 激光损伤阈值也有所提高。添加剂DCTA对KDP晶体生长及性能的改善作用比同等浓度的EDTA更加显著。     

Thermal,FT-IR and SHG efficiency studies of L-arginine doped KDP crystals

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) is a well known nonlinear optical (NLO) material with different applications. Since most of the amino acids exhibit NLO property, it is of interest to dope them in KDP. In the present study, amino acid L-arginine was doped in KDP. The doping of L-arginine was confirmed by FT-IR and paper chromatography. Thermogravimetry suggested that as the amount of doping increases the thermal stability decreases as well as the value of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters decreases. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of L-arginine doped KDP crystals was found to be increasing with doping concentration of L-arginine. The results are discussed here.     

Electrical conductivity measurements on gel grown KDP crystals added with urea and thiourea

Pure and impurity added (with urea and thiourea) KDP single crystals were grown by the gel method using silica gels. Electrical conductivity measurements were carried out along both the unique axis and perpendicular directions at various temperatures ranging from 30 to 140‡ C by the conventional two-probe method. The present study shows that the conductivity in KDP crystals, for both the impurities considered, increases with the increase in impurity concentration and temperature. Activation energies were also determined and reported.     

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate doped with organic complexes of rare-earth metals

We have examined conditions for the crystal growth of KDP doped with rare-earth (Ce, Sm, Gd, Yb) complexes with alizarin complexone. The complexes have different effects on KDP crystal growth and are selectively incorporated into the growth sectors of the crystals, which can be rationalized in terms of their structure and charge. In going from KDP solutions to crystals, the absorption bands of both the free ligand and its complexes with the rare-earth metals (482–510 nm) shift insignificantly. In contrast, the luminescence spectra of the complexes and ligand experience a bathochromic shift. The Stokes shift of the complexes in crystals is three to four times greater than that in solutions. The luminescence bands are centered at 598–625 nm.     

Effect of l-proline dopant on structural,optical, dielectric,and NLO properties of imidazolinium l-tartrate (IMLT) single crystals

The slow evaporation solution growth approach was used to grow the crystals of pure and l-proline doped imidazolium l-tartrate (IMLT), an organic nonlinear optical materials. According to single crystal and powder XRD analysis, the grown crystals show monoclinic structure and alterations in diffraction peak locations related to the dopant l-proline. The effects of the dopant on the optical properties of the formed crystals are revealed by the transmittance spectrum measurements. Band gap and cut-off wavelength are affected by l-proline in to IMLT single crystals. The surface morphology of the grown crystals was examined by the etching study which reveals the growth mechanism of pure and l-proline doped IMLT crystals. Etch pits in rectangular pattern were found to appear. The dielectric and AC conductivity of IMLT was significantly improved by l-proline doping. The intensity of Second Harmonic Generation is found to be 3.7 times higher than that of KDP crystals. A range of analysis suggests suitability and potentiality of IMLT crystal for various optoelectronic applications.

     

Investigation on (100) face of KDP crystal poisoned by MoO4 2? impurity

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) single crystals doped with molybdate (MoO₄ ²⁻) were grown via the conventional temperature cooling and rapid growth methods, respectively. MoO₄ ²⁻ made KDP crystals tapering for conventional temperature cooling method. When KDP crystals were grown by rapid growth method, MoO₄ ²⁻ could induce liquid inclusions and simultaneous crystals. The measurement on growth rates indicated that MoO₄ ²⁻ broadened the dead zone and decreased the growth rate of (100) face of KDP crystals. The growth kinetic analysis in terms of two-dimensional nucleus and screw dislocation models implied that the energetic parameter γ/kT decreased with an increase of MoO₄ ²⁻ concentration. The influence of MoO₄ ²⁻ growth steps on (100) face of KDP crystal was observed through ex situ AFM technique. It gave evidence that MoO₄ ²⁻ could postpone the step bunching and make the step edge curving and knaggy to reduce the edge free energy, which was in agreement with the growth kinetics calculations. Additionally, the poisoned mechanism of MoO₄ ²⁻ and Fe³⁺ on step morphologies was detailed contrasted. The interaction process was discussed according to electro negativity analysis, which indicated MoO₄ ²⁻ (actually were HMoO₄ ⁻ and H₂MoO₄) could be absorbed onto (100) face through charge-assisted hydrogen bonds and caused more Mo element distributed in prismatic sector.