高温退火降低碳纳米管接触电阻的实验研究

将碳纳米管有效地集成到微纳器件上实现组装是碳纳米管在众多领域得以应用的先决条件,组装后较高的接触电阻成为影响碳纳米管器件性能的重要因素,为了降低碳纳米管与电极之间的接触电阻,采用高温退火法对组装后的碳纳米管进行处理.首先,通过介电电泳法组装碳纳米管;其次,利用正交试验设计和方差分析研究高温退火过程中退火温度、保温时间和升温速率对降低碳纳米管接触电阻的影响,并获得了降低接触电阻的最优参数组合;最后,对退火前后碳纳米管的I-V特性进行测量、分析.结果表明:高温退火可以简单、高效地降低碳纳米管的接触电阻,退火温度是影响降阻效果的主要因素,退火处理后接触电阻的下降幅度最高可达91.59%,组装的碳纳米管退火前后的I-V特性曲线均呈现良好的线性.     

介观与宏观角度下的磨削力修正研究

从砂轮磨粒的几何形状和砂轮地貌入手,针对45^# 钢磨削力变化规律,从介观和宏观两个角度对磨削力进行了研究。通过介观角度下的磨削力仿真分析,研究了磨削深度、磨削速度与磨削力之间的关系;通过宏观角度下的磨削力仿真研究,得出了某一磨削参数下的磨削应力云图和磨削力变化图;对介观和宏观角度下的磨削力研究结果进行总结,得到了45# 钢磨削力的修正公式。从仿真研究以及得到的磨削力修正公式可以看出,磨削力随磨削深度的增大而增大,磨削深度越大,磨削力变化趋势越明显;磨削力随磨削速度的增大而减小,当磨削速度超过一定值时,磨削力减小趋势减缓。     

短流程等温淬火初始温度对组织及性能的影响

为了研究短流程等温淬火的初始温度对铸件组织和性能的影响,采用消失模铸造工艺制备铸件.当铸件分别冷却到1 173和1 223 K初始温度时,放入50%KNO₃+50%NaNO₂淬火介质进行等温处理,然后空冷至室温.结果表明,铸件中出现了珠光体,ADI-1223和ADI-1173的硬度分别为381和366 HV.当载荷为10 N时,ADI-1223的摩擦系数为0.289,磨损体积为71.3×10^-5 mm³;ADI-1173的摩擦系数为0.273,磨损体积为83.7×10^-5 mm³.当载荷为12 N时,ADI-1223的摩擦系数为0.242,磨损体积为114.1×10^-5 mm³;ADI-1173的摩擦系数为0.213,磨损体积为136.5×10^-5 mm³.因此,ADI-1223的硬度高于ADI-1173,摩擦系数大于ADI-1173,磨损量小于ADI-1173.     

荷电液滴联合声波捕集颗粒物的过程和特性

搭建显微可视化平台,观测以半山电厂灰为代表的颗粒物在电场及声场作用下相对于悬垂荷电单液滴的运动和捕集特性,利用激光粒度仪对颗粒物的凝并效果进行验证. 实验结果显示：对液滴进行荷电,可以将以惯性捕集为主要作用的灰颗粒绕流运动变为以静电力（介电泳力、库仑力）为主导的吸引作用,颗粒物在液滴表面的沉积状态由树枝状变为紧密堆积状态,而增加声场后,在颗粒初始轨迹之上叠加了往复的振动. 荷电液滴引入的静电力和液桥力强化了团聚体内部的黏附作用. 进一步的粒径分布表征实验发现,荷电液滴和声波的加入均可以有效促进颗粒的团聚长大.     

Ce掺杂0.94MgTiO3-0.06(Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3陶瓷的制备及微波介电性能

为了提高MgTiO₃-(Ca_0.8Sr_0.2)TiO₃(MT-CST)微波介质陶瓷的品质因数，通过SEM、XRD、拉曼光谱仪与XPS分析手段，研究了Ce掺杂对MT-CST陶瓷成分晶体结构和微波介电性能的影响.结果表明：高价Ce³⁺取代Mg²⁺可使氧空位缺陷得到有效抑制，从而降低了微波介质损耗，可使品质因数得到较大提升.制备的陶瓷具有优异的微波介电性能：介电常数为20.8,品质因数为61 000 GHz,谐振频率温度系数为-4.99×10^-6/℃.     

交流电渗粒子收集的研究

针对低浓度微纳粒子快速准确收集这一MEMS领域瓶颈问题展开了相关研究.实验研究发现,在对称电极芯片上施加低压低频交流电信号,样品中的微纳粒子收集到电极表面固定区域.以交流电场机制为基础,建立了交流电渗对称电极的二维模型及等效电路,推导了交流电渗作用下的微流体流动速度公式,对比研究了介电泳、重力以及浮力作用下微纳粒子的运动速度.通过数值仿真计算,分析了交流电渗作用下微纳粒子在对称电极上的收集位置,研究了介电泳力对于微纳粒子收集的影响,并对仿真与实验进行了对比分析.研究表明,在交流电场机制中低压低频条件下, 交流电渗起主导作用,能够快速准确地进行微纳粒子收集.     

酸氧化掺金方法改善碳纳米管的电接触特性

采用硝酸回流方式在碳纳米管表面构造缺陷及含氧官能团,处理后的碳纳米管在氯金酸溶液中超声震荡,经过氢气热还原将氧化态的金还原为0价态的金.扫描电子显微图片及红外吸收光谱表明酸处理成功地在碳纳米管管壁及端部构造了缺陷及羟基、羧基等含氧亲水官能团.形貌表征表明在碳纳米管管壁尤其是端部成功地掺杂了纳米粒子,并且X射线光电子谱表明该纳米粒子是0价态的金.掺杂后碳纳米管的拉曼光谱中G带波数增大说明对碳纳米管掺杂金为P型掺杂.采用介电电泳法分别将碳纳米管原样与掺金碳纳米管样品组装到金电极之间,掺杂使碳纳米管与金电极之间的接触电阻得到明显的降低,电阻值平均降幅高达69.20%.     

自组装颗粒调驱体系注入方式优选实验研究

针对渤海油田储层渗透率高、水驱窜流严重的问题,采用新型自组装颗粒调驱体系,进行室内封堵以及驱油实验研究,并对颗粒注入方式进行对比。静态实验表明,自组装颗粒具有良好的耐温耐盐性能,耐温100 ℃, 耐盐35 000 mg/L;封堵实验表明,对于渗透率为10 000×10^-3 μm² 左右的砂管模型,采用胍胶或聚合物溶液悬浮颗粒封堵后,砂管渗透率降至3000×10^-3 μm² 左右,砂管有效封堵率达70%;驱油实验表明,对于渗透率为20000× 10^-3 μm2 和4 000×10^-3 μm² 的并联砂管模型,在水驱采出程度为27.34%~28.17%的基础上,注入0.4PV 自组装颗粒调驱体系,其采出程度可提高28.57%~38.76%,最终达55.91%~66.80%,且采用胍胶或聚合物悬浮颗粒的注入方式效果较好。实验揭示了自组装颗粒的封堵机理主要是填充封堵、架桥封堵、黏接封堵。     

基于柔顺控制的机器人装配技术

针对复杂接触环境下机器人柔顺装配困难的问题,提出了一种基于受力信息精准获取与改进力/位混合控制算法的柔顺装配方法.在对机器人末端力传感器进行零点补偿及负载重力补偿后,通过矩阵变换实时计算出装配接触点处机器人末端执行器的真实受力,并在力控制过程中让机器人的运动遵循双曲正切速度-力关系.实验结果表明,机器人在装配过程中并未发生明显的抖动,所提算法具有良好的柔顺装配效果.     

介孔分子筛SBA-15-HSO3合成ETBE反应本征动力学研究

用水热法直接合成了含磺酸基的介孔分子筛SBA -15 -HSO₃ 。采用X 射线衍射、N₂ 吸附-脱附分析方法对试样进行了表征。表征结果显示, 制得的SBA -15 -HSO₃ 具有高度有序的介孔二维六角结构, 并且有较大的比表面积、孔容和孔径。以乙醇和叔丁醇为原料, SBA -15-HSO₃ 为催化剂合成乙基叔丁基醚(ETBE), 建立了反应动力学模型。反应过程在钢密封间歇反应釜中进行, 且消除了内外扩散的影响。改变原料浓度和反应温度得到了醚化反应本征动力学实验数据。线性回归得动力学方程r=kC^1.5_A C^-0.5_B , 求得频率因子为1 .3 ×10⁷ h^-1 , 活化能为52 .86 kJ/ mo l。根据机理近似推导出的动力学方程r=k′C^1.5_A C^-0.5_B , 频率因子为1 .2×10⁷ h^-1 , 活化能为52 .56kJ/ mol。因此, 可近似认为表面反应是反应的速率控制步骤。     

Large-scale assembly of Cu/CuO nanowires for nano-electronic device fabrication

To improve the efficiency of nano-electronic device fabrication,a new method named floating electrical potential assembly is proposed to realize large-scale assembly of Cu/CuO nanowires.The simulation of floating electrical potential distribution on the micro-electrode chip is performed by COMSOL software,and the simulation result shows that the coupled electrical potential on the floating drain electrodes is very close to the original electrical potential applied on the gate electrode,which means that the method can provide di-electrophoresis(DEP)force for all the electrode pairs at one time,thus realizing large-scale assembly at one time.With Cu/CuO nanowires well dispersed and micro-electrode chip fabrication,nanowires assembly experiments are performed and the experimental results show that Cu/CuO nanowires are assembled at hundreds of micro-electrodes pairs at one time,and the success rate of nanowires assembly also reaches 90%.     

Improvement of luminescent stability from carbon nanotube field emission display based on printed CNT film

Recently, as the applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in field emission display (FED) are broadly and deeply studied [1-7], the luminescence stability of CNT-FEDs have become more and more important. Generally speaking, the impact factors on the lumi- nescent stability include surface reactions between CNTs and gas molecule [8] and the damage at the nanotubes [9] or the CNT-substrate interface [10] caused by resistive heating from high-current field emission. Since the screen printin…     

碳钠米管-Sn2Sb纳米复合材料的电化学吸放锂性能

用化学还原的方法制备了碳钠米管-Sn2Sb合金的纳米复合材料.SEM和TEM观察结果表明,Sn-Sb合金纳米粒子均匀地分布在碳钠米管的网络中,部分合金包覆在碳钠米管的表面.充放电试验结果显示,碳钠米管-Sn2Sb合金纳米复合材料具有良好的电化学吸放锂性能,其可逆容量显著大于碳钠米管,而循环稳定性优于Sn-Sb合金.这种循环性能的改善主要是由于碳钠米管改善了电过程中电极结构的稳定性.     

Effect of radial heat conduction on effective thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube bundles

The effect of the radial heat conduction on the effective thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles is studied by the nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) method. The hexagonal CNT bundle consists of seven (10, 10) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The radial heat conduction is induced by creating the vacancy defects in some segments of the constituent CNTs. Combined with the temperature differences and the inter-tube thermal resistances at the different segments, the radial heat flow in the CNT bundle is calculated. The maximum percentage of the radial heat flow is less than 7% with the presence of four defective CNTs, while the resultant decrement of the effective thermal conductivity of the bundle is about 18%. The present results indicate that the radial heat flow can significantly diminish the axial heat conduction in the CNT bundles, which probably explains the smaller effective thermal conductivity in the CNT assemblies compared to that of the individual CNTs.     

MA-SEBS对超高分子量聚乙烯/碳纳米管复合材料结晶和熔融行为的影响

以马来酸酐接枝SEBS (MA-SEBS)作相容剂,采用溶液共混的方法制备超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合材料.熔融结晶的UHMWPE/CNT复合材料是将其熔体以20℃/分的速率降温结晶而成.采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了以不同方式结晶制备的UHMWPE/CNT复合材料的结晶和熔融行为.结果表明UHMWPE/CNT复合材料中UHMWPE相在溶液态结晶比在熔融态结晶形成的晶片厚,因而表现出更高的熔点(Tm)和结晶度(Xc).随着CNTs含量增加,UHMWPE/CNT复合材料中UHMWPE相的结晶温度(Tc)趋于提高.而且MA-SEBS的加入降低了UHMWPE/CNT复合材料中UHMWPE相的Tm 和 Tc. 此外UHMWPE/CNT复合材料中UHMWPE相的结晶速率随CNTs的引入而提高; MA-SEBS起相容剂的作用,改善了CNTs在UHMWPE基体中的分散性,使UHMWPE相的结晶速率进一步提高.     

磁流体动力学动量轮的致动特性和影响因素

结合不可压缩流体的纳维?斯托克斯方程和磁流体动力学基本方程,针对电流和电压控制模式下矩形截面环管内金属流体的哈脱曼流动问题建立完整的传递函数模型,深入分析流体中黏滞力项和边界层效应对动量轮输出性能的影响. 通过有限元仿真软件COMSOL对流体运动特性和流场分布进行仿真验证,分析电流、磁场和流体特征参数对动量轮输出指标的影响. 在电流控制模式下,动量轮的角动量输出标度因数约为9.68×10^?5 N·m·s/A,可作为动量轮的设计与优化依据.     

Capacitive humidity sensing properties of carbon nanotubes grown on silicon nanoporous pillar array

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown on silicon nanoporous pillar array (Si-NPA) by thermal chemical vapor deposition method, and the structural and capacitive humidity sensing properties of CNT/Si-NPA were studied. It was found that with the relative humidity (RH) changing from 11% to 95%, a device re-sponse of ~480% was achieved at the frequency of 50000 Hz, and a linear device response curve could be obtained by adopting longitudinal logarithmic coordinate. The response/recovery times were measured to be ~20 s and ~10 s, respectively, which indicated a rather fast response/recovery rate. The adsorption-desorption dynamic cycle experiments demonstrated the high measurement reproducibility of CNT/Si-NPA sensors. These excellent performances were attributed to the unique surface structure, morphology and chemical inertness of CNT/Si-NPA.     

Performance of viscous fluid dampers coupling adjacent inelastic structures under near-fault earthquakes

The behavior of viscous fluid damper applied in coupling structures subjected to near-fault earthquake was studied. The structural nonlinearity was characterized by Bouc-Wen model and several near-fault ground motions were simulated by the combination of a recorded earthquake (background ground motion) with equivalent velocity pulses that possess near-fault features. Extensive parametric studies were carried out to find the appropriate damping coefficient. Performances of viscous fluid dampers were demonstrated by the relationship between the force and displacement, the maximal damper force and stroke. The control performances were demonstrated in terms of the response reductions of adjacent structures. The results show that the dynamic responses of adjacent structures are mitigated greatly. Proper damping coefficients of connecting fluid dampers have a small difference, while adjacent structures under different near-fault ground motions with the same peak acceleration. The maximum force of damper is about 0.8 MN, and the maximum damper stroke is about ±550 mm. Satisfied viscous fluid dampers can be produced according to the current manufacturing skills.     

The growth of carbon nanotube with chemical vapor deposition under different process parameters

Whether the active catalytic species are in a liquid,solid phase,surface premelting or surface processes during CNT or other nanowire growth are controversial.In order to explore the mechanism for catalytically grown carbon nanotube (CNT),the mechanism for CNT grown under different temperatures was proposed tentatively.With ethanol chemical vapor deposition (CVD),carbon n.anotubes (CNTs) were synthesized controllably on Si substrates using cobalt (Co) as a catalyst.The effects of the Co particle size,growth...     

Catalytic CVD Growth of Carbon Nanotubes by Electric Heating Method

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were synthesized by the electric heating catalytic chemical deposition method(CCVD) using acetylene(C_2H_2) as the carbon source and nitrogen(N_2) as carrier gas,and nickel catalyst was loaded by electroplating.The electric heating method,as a new method,electrifies the carbon fiber directly by using its conductivity.The morphology and structure of CNTs were characterized by SEM and TEM,and the surface properties of carbon fibers before and after the growth of CNT were characterized by Raman spectroscopy.The experimental results show that the electric heating method is a new method to produce CNT,and can grow a large number of CNTs in a short time,the crystallization degree and surface average crystallite size of carbon fiber increased after the growth of CNT on it.In addition,electroplating loading catalyst can also be used as an ideal loading way,which can control the number,shape,and distribution of nickel particles by controlling the plating time.