磷酸三丁酯为载体的乳状液膜体系迁移钇(Ⅲ)的研究

用磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）－ＬＭＳ－２－磺化煤油乳状液膜体系研究了Ｙ（Ⅲ）的迁移行为。当膜相体积分数为５．０％ＴＢＰ和２．０％ＬＭＳ－２,内相为０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＨＣＯ３,外相含６ｍｏｌ／ＬＮＨ４ＮＯ３,酸度为ｐＨ＝３时,Ｙ（Ⅲ）能快速并完全迁移。常见过渡元素离子如Ｆｅ２＋,Ｃｏ２＋,Ｎｉ２＋,Ｍｎ２＋,Ｚｎ２＋等均不迁移,故可以从这些离子的混合液中分离Ｙ（Ⅲ）,回收率可达９８％以上。     

理化因子对嗜盐隐杆藻细胞生长及胞外多糖产量的影响

比较不同ＮａＣｌ、Ｃａ２＋、ＰＯ３－４等离子浓度对嗜盐隐杆藻（Ａｐｈａｎｏｔｈｅｃｅｈａｌｏｐｈｙｔｉｃａ）细胞生长及胞外多糖（Ｅｘｏｐｏｌｙｓａｃ－ｃｈａｒｉｄｅＥＰＳ）产量的影响。在各影响因子不同浓度的培养条件下,０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ、１．０ｇ／Ｌ的Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ、０．１ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＨ２ＰＯ４分别是其最佳生长浓度。ＥＰＳ的产量在０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ、,０．５ｇ／ＬＣａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ、０．５ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＨ２ＰＯ４培养条件下最高。在较低的Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、ＰＯ３－４浓度下可提高ＥＰＳ产率。     

液膜法富集镉（II）与测定镀液中微量镉

用Ｐ２１５－ＴＯＰＯ－ＳＰＡＮ８０－液体石蜡－内相（ＨＣｌ溶液）乳状液膜体系研究了Ｃｄ＾２＋的迁移行为，只有Ｃｄ＾２＋能与各种阳离子得到满意的分离。最佳液膜体系为４％Ｐ２１５、２％ＴＯＰＯ、５％ＳＰＡＮ８０、４％液体石蜡、８５％煤油和内相（４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣＬ）。确定了分离与富集镉（Ⅱ）的最优实验条件，Ｒｏｉ＝１：１（油内比），Ｒｅｗ＝２０：１２０（乳水比）。用此法已成功地测定镀液和工业废水中微量     

间接电合成法制取双醛淀粉

提出了一种合成双醛淀粉（ＤＡＳ） 的新方法间接电合成法。在阳离子交换膜做隔膜的两室电解槽中,铅板做阳极,铁板做阴极,把淀粉和碘酸钠的酸性水溶液直接加入阳极室电解,即合成ＤＡＳ。优选电解条件：阳极电解液中ｃ（ＮａＩＯ３） ＝ ０－０５ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｃ（Ｈ２ＳＯ４） ＝ ０－１ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｗ（ 淀粉） ＝ ７ ％ ;阴极液为ｃ（Ｈ２ＳＯ４） ＝ ０－１ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的稀硫酸;电流密度２ Ａ／ｄｍ２ 。在此条件下电流效率大于０－５ 。     

极谱法测定冷却水中的乙二胺四甲叉膦酸钠

在６．８×１０＾－４ｍｏｌ．Ｌ柠檬酸钠，醋酸－醋酸钠缓冲溶液（ｐＨ＝５．２＋中，Ｃｕ＾２＋可与乙二胺四甲叉膦酸钠（ＥＤＴＭＰＳ）络合，使铜峰降低，峰电位Ｅｐ＝－０．２４Ｖ（银－氯化银电极）。乙二胺四甲叉膦酸钠浓度在３－５０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内与峰高降低值呈线性关系。采用ＪＰ３－１型示波极谱仪，二次微分，起始电位０．００Ｖ，终止电位－１．２０Ｖ测定，检出银为１ｍｇ／Ｌ，变异系数为３．２％－６．０％，回收率     

影响中间相沥青电解加氢反应因素的研究

在隔离式电解槽中,用泡沫铅（ＳＰｂ）作阴极,铂（Ｐｔ）作阳极,饮和甘汞电极（ＳＣＥ）作参考电极,以ＣＨ３ＣＮ＋Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ＋Ｈ２Ｏ＿Ｂｕ４ＮＢｒ为电解体系,对由煤沥青为原料制得的中国相沥青（ＭＰ）进行电解加氢研究,当ｃ（ＣＨ３ＣＮ）：ｃ（Ｃ２ＨＯＨ）：ｃ（Ｈ２Ｏ）＝０．４：０．１：１（浓度比）,ｃ（Ｂｕ４ＮＢ４）＝０．３１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｔ＝３０Ｃ,ｐ（ＭＰ）＝５０ｇ／Ｌ,阴极电解电位为－２．４Ｖ时,     

金—钼酸盐—丁基罗丹明B体系显色反应研究

研究了在高氯酸和聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）存在下，金与钼酸盐和丁基罗丹明Ｂ（ＢＲＢ）的显色反应。其适宜条件ＣＨＣｌＯ４＝１．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＣＭｏＯ２－４＝９．１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＣＢＲＢ＝３．８×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ及０．０８％ＰＶＡ。金钼杂多酸—丁基罗丹明Ｂ离子缔合物的最大吸收位于５７０ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数为３．３６×１０６Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，金量在０～４０μｇ／Ｌ范围内服从比尔定律，测定极限（Ｓ／Ｎ＝３）０．９０μｇ／Ｌ（ｎ＝１０），对于２８μｇＡｕ（Ⅲ）／Ｌ测定的相对标准偏差２．１％（ｎ＝７）。缔合物至少可稳定５ｈ，摩尔比Ａｕ∶ＢＲＢ＝１∶３。考察了４４种共存离子的影响，大多数常见离子不干扰，用活性炭分离富集金，对砂矿和炭粉中金的测定，结果满意。     

高效液膜分离富集镍基合金镀层中稀土总量

用ＴＢＰ－ＴＴＡ（协同流动载体）、ＳＰＡＮ８０和煤油高效液膜体系，研究∑ＲＥ＾３＋迁移行为。在适宜条件下，１０ｍｉｎ内，∑ＲＥ＾３＋的迁移率达９９．５％以上。在同样条件下，常见共存金属离子如Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｍｏ＾６＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋等均不被迁移；大量碱金属、碱土金属、Ｃｌ、ＮＯ３、ＣｌＯ４、Ｆ、ＳｉＯ３＾２－、ＳＯ４＾２－等离子也不影     

液膜法提取单质金的迁移机理及其应用

本文研究了用磺化煤油作稀释剂时磷酸三丁酯从王水溶液中萃取Ａｕ的萃合比，证明了溶液中ＨＮＯ或ＮＯ＾－３在酸度小于３．０ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ６３时对ＴＢＰ萃取Ａｕ的萃合比没有影响，分析了液膜选择性迁移Ａｕ的机理；研究了以ＴＢＰ为载体的乳状液膜以王水为介质的含Ａｕ，Ｃｕ，Ｎｉ的电镀废水中的选择性回收Ａｕ，内水相得到纯度９９．９５的黑色粉末单质Ａｕ，一级回收率为９９．９％。．     

KTa0.55Nb0.45O3薄膜的介电和铁电及热释电性能研究

在ＢＴ／Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ／ＳｉＯ２／Ｓｉ衬底上用溶胶－凝胶法制备了ＫＴａ０．５５Ｎｂ０．４５Ｏ３（ＫＴＮ）薄膜,０．５μｍＫＴＮ－０．０８μｍＢＴ薄膜在２５℃,１．０ｋＨｚ时,其εｒ＝１１１４,ｔａｎδ＝２．５％;１２℃时,其中Ｐｒ＝２．１μＣ／ｃｍ＾２,Ｐｓ＝４．２μｃ／ｃｍ＾２,Ｅｃ＝５．８ｋＶ／ｃｍ,０．５μｍ厚ＫＴＮ膜的Ｃｕｒｉｅ温度为３５℃;１．０ＫＨｚ时,ＫＴＮ膜的εｒ＝１４１２,估算ＫＴＮ     

聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-丙烯酸共聚物对乳状液膜中Cu2+迁移的影响

将两亲共聚物聚甲基丙烯酸十二酯-丙烯酸[P(DM-AA)]作为膜稳定剂加到由Span-80作表面活性剂、二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸(HDEHP)作流动载体、煤油和液体石蜡作膜溶剂及硫酸稀溶液作内相而组成的W/O型乳状液膜中,研究了此体系对Cu2+的迁移作用. 结果表明,由于两亲高分子的空间稳定作用而导致乳液膜对Cu2+具有较好的迁移效果. 最优条件为：在膜相中P(DM-AA)含量 3.0%, Span-80 4.0%, HDEHP 3.0%, 石蜡6.0%(w), 膜相:料相=1:10(j), [H+]=1.0 mol/L,接触时间6 min,搅拌速率200~300 r/min. 此外,还探讨了乳状液膜的结构和Cu2+迁移的机理,认为其迁移属于异向耦合传输机理.     

用乳状液型液膜提取铕的传质机理研究

本文研究了用乳状液型液膜提取稀土元素铕的工艺条件,考查了不同因素对铕的传质速率的影响.实验结果表明,以二(2-乙基己基)磷酸为载体,硝酸为解络剂的乳状液型液膜对铕的迁移效果很好.本文重点探讨了该液膜体系的传质机理,推导出本体系的传质通量式,并用实验数据进行了验证,取得了较好的一致性.     

新型液膜振荡器(Ⅱ)

本文设计了一种以阴离子表面活性剂十四烷基硫酸钠 (STS)与阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB)缔合为关键步骤的新型液膜振荡器。其基本配方为 :5 0mmol·dm- 3CTAB(aq) + 1 5mol·dm- 3 乙醇 2 0mmol·dm- 3STS(硝基苯 ) 0 5mol·dm- 3NaCl(aq) ,(简示W1 O W2 )。采用分别置于界面附近两不同水相中的一对相同铂电极进行监测 ,并通过组分替换、浓度变化、辅助实验、实验装置比较等方法进行了机理研究 ,通过对以往液膜振荡器机理的评价 ,导出了一个适于此新型振荡器的数学模型。新型振荡器与以往的差别主要在于 ,阴、阳两种离子型表面活性剂缔合后难于离解 ,须携带部分溶剂液体形成乳液来进行迁移 ,并产生可随两种表面活性剂浓度比变化的两类不同的液膜振荡     

Separation of Zinc Ions from an Acidic Mine Drainage using a Stirred Transfer Cell–Type Emulsion Liquid Membrane Contactor

Abstract

This is a report on the separation and recovery of zinc ions from an acidic mine drainage using a stirred transfer cell‐type emulsion liquid membrane contactor. Di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid was used as a highly selective carrier for the transport of zinc ions through the emulsified liquid membrane. A study was made of the effect on the extraction extent and initial extraction rate of the following variables: pH and initial metal concentration of the feed phase, carrier content in the organic solution, a stripping agent concentration in the receiving phase, and stirring speed in the transfer cell. The content of sulfuric acid as a stripping agent did not show in the studied range any significant influence on metal permeation through the SLM, although a minimum hydrogen ion concentration of 100 g/L is suggested in the internal aqueous solution to ensure an acidity gradient between both aqueous phases to promote the permeation of metal ions toward the strip liquor. Results show that using a pH of 4.0 in the feed acid solution, a concentration of 3% w/w_o of phosphoric carrier in the organic phase and a H₂SO₄ content of 100 g/L in the strip liquor, the extent and rate of extraction through the liquid membrane can be highly favored, pointing to the potential of this method for extracting heavy metals from many kinds of dilute aqueous solutions.     

Performance of hollow fiber supported liquid membrane on the extraction of mercury(II) ions

The extraction and recovery or stripping of mercury ions from chloride media using microporous hydrophobic hollow fiber supported liquid membranes (HFSLM) has been studied. Tri-n-octylamine (TOA) dissolved in kerosene was used as an extractant. Sodium hydroxide was used as a stripping solution. The transport system was studied as a function of several variables: the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the feed solution, the concentration of TOA in the liquid membrane, the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the stripping solution, the concentration of mercury ions in the feed solution and the flow rates of both feed and stripping solutions. The results indicated that the maximum percentages of the extraction and recovery of mercury ions of 100% and 97% were achieved at the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the feed solution of 0.1 mol/l, the concentration of TOA at 3% v/v, the concentration of sodium hydroxide at 0.5 mol/l and the flow rates of the feed and stripping solutions of 100 ml/min. However, the concentration of mercury ions from 1–100 ppm in the feed solution had no effect on the percentages of extraction and recovery of mercury ions. Thus, these results have identified that the hollow fiber supported liquid membrane process has high efficiency on both the extraction and recovery of mercury (II) ions. Moreover, the mass transfer coefficients of the aqueous phase (k _i ) and membrane or organic phase (k _m ) were calculated. The mass transfer coefficients of the aqueous phase and organic phase are 0.42 and 1.67 cm/s, respectively. The mass transfer coefficient of the organic phase is higher than that of the aqueous phase. Therefore, the mass transfer controlling step is the diffusion of the mercury ions through the film layer between the feed solution and the liquid membrane.     

Separation of cadmium(II) from spent nickel/cadmium battery by emulsion liquid membrane

Experiments were conducted to investigate the separation of cadmium(II) from spent nickel/cadmium battery by emulsion liquid membrane. Liquid membrane mainly consisted of a diluent (kerosene), a surfactant (Span 80), a carrier (di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, D2EHPA) and an internal phase (sulfuric acid). Main research effort was focused on the identification of optimal parameters affecting the separation process, such as D2EHPA (4.4 vol%), Span 80 (6.6 vol%), pH in the external phase (3.0), treat ratio (0.4), agitation time (10 min), and sulfuric acid concentration (1500 mol / m³). With the selected emulsion liquid membrane to separate cadmium(II) from the leaching solution of spent nickel/cadmium battery, the fraction extracted of cadmium(II) ions (0.963) was much more than that of nickel(II) ions (0.026). The organic membrane phase after demulsification was re‐mulsification and recycled up to eight times.     

Emulsion liquid membrane for selective extraction of bismuth from nitrate medium

The novelty of this work is the selective extraction of bismuth ions from nitrate medium by emulsion liquid membrane. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid was used as extractant of bismuth ions from nitrate medium by emulsion liquid membrane, and Triton X-100 was used as the biodegradable surfactant in n-pantanol n-pentanol bulk membrane. The extraction of bismuth ions was evaluated by the yield of extraction. The experimental parameters were evaluated and were optimized. They included the ratio of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid concentration to the concentration of /Triton X-100 concentration (1.0: 0.5% w/w), nature of diluents (n-pentanol), nature and concentration of the stripping solution (sulfuric acid, 0.5M), stirring speed (1,800 rpm) and equilibrium time of extraction (20min), initial feed solution of bismuth (350 ppm) and the volume ratio of the internal stripping phase to the membrane phase (14 times). The experimental parameters of kinetic extraction revealed that the bismuth ions were extracted at 100% 97%.     

液膜对不同酸度磷矿浸出液中稀土的提取

用浓盐酸溶解富含镧、铈等稀土离子的织金磷矿,得到含稀土离子的磷矿浸出液,以P204为载体、Span80或T154作表面活性剂、磺化煤油作溶剂、盐酸作内水相解析剂制成的乳状液膜对酸解液中镧、铈等稀土离子进行提取,考察了流动载体浓度、表面活性剂种类及浓度对稀土提取率的影响及磷矿浸出液中不同浓度稀土离子在不同酸度下的分离提取情况. 结果表明,液膜中最佳载体浓度为12%(j),最佳表面活性剂浓度为4%(j),随外水相pH值增大,液膜对稀土离子的提取率提高,外水相稀土离子浓度为100 mg/L,pH=1时,其提取率可达79.93%.     

Emulsion liquid membrane for selective extraction of Bi(III)

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid was used as extractant of bismuth ions from nitrate medium by emulsion liquid membrane, with Triton X-100 as the biodegradable surfactant in n-pentanol bulk membrane. The novelties and innovative points of this work are the application of emulsion liquid membrane for selective and efficient extraction of bismuth ions as wel as the relevant optimization procedures. The extraction of bismuth ions was evaluated by the yield of extraction. The experimental parameters were evaluated and optimized, including the ratio of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid mass concentration to Triton X-100 (1.0%:0.5%), nature of diluent (n-pentanol), nature and concentration of stripping solution (sulfuric acid, 0.5 mol·L?1), stirring speed (1800 r·min?1) and equilibrium time of extraction (20 min), initial feed solution of bismuth (350 mg·L?1) and the volume ratio of internal stripping phase to membrane phase (14). The experimental parameters of kinetic extraction reveal that the bismuth ions can be extracted by 100%.