超临界CO2萃取蜂胶的抑茵性能及其在牙膏中的应用研究

口腔疾病是影响人体健康的常见病,大多是由于口腔中的致病菌引起的。本文通过测定超临界二氧化碳萃取的蜂胶提取物对4种口腔常见致病菌的最小抑菌浓度,证实其具有良好的抑菌性能。然后,将其应用于牙膏,对牙膏作抑菌环试验,结果显示该牙膏与空白牙膏相比抑菌效果有显著性差异,与阳性对照牙膏相比抑菌效果相当,即该牙膏具有良好的抑菌能力。     

牙膏抑菌效果分析研究

初步研究牙膏对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌三种比较常见致病菌的抑制效果,检验牙膏抑菌合格与否。用"抗菌有效性"方法,研究LP、MP、HP、LP-HE、LP-BA五种牙膏抑菌效果。LP牙膏中三种细菌浓度维持在106cfu/mL以上,其余四种牙膏在第14天后没有细菌生长,其中MP在4个周期5次检验中都没有细菌生长,LP-BA有类似抑菌效果,但第2次检验时,金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的浓度分别为4×104cfu/mL和35×104cfu/mL,HP与LP-H有类似抑菌效果,在第2次检验时仅大肠杆菌生长,细菌浓度分别为1×106cfu/mL和2×106cfu/mL。LP牙膏不能对实验细菌起到抑制作用,而其余四种牙膏能有效的抑制细菌增长。     

荷叶提取物口腔抑菌有效成分的定性定量分析

对荷叶提取物有效成分通过层柱分离和化学结构鉴定及对口腔致病菌的药理筛选，得到了对引起牙龈炎等病状的致病菌有较强抑制作用的荷叶正丁醇提取物有效成分，其有效抑菌质量浓度为5mg/mL，并将荷叶的提取物应用于牙膏产品中；同时建立了对荷叶提取物及添加在牙膏中的有效成分－－黄酮量的定性定量的检测方法。测得荷叶提取物中黄酮质量分数在3．0％以上，添加在牙膏中的荷叶提取物的黄酮量的定量测试方法的回收率可达96．58％－99．08％。     

锌沸石在美容牙膏中的应用研究

制备了锌沸石牙膏,牙膏小样试验表明,该牙膏质量符合国家标准要求,可以批量生产。牙膏抑菌试验表明,锌沸石质量分数为5%的牙膏样品对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率可以达到99.9%以上。牙膏去渍功效和减轻口臭功效的临床试验表明,锌沸石牙膏具有较明显的去渍作用和除口臭效果。     

对羟基苯甲酸酯钠盐在牙膏中防腐的应用研究

对对羟基苯甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸酯钠盐、三氯生几种防腐剂在牙膏中的抑菌效果进行研究,结果表明,由于对羟基苯甲酸酯钠盐良好的水溶性,能够在牙膏中发挥更好的防腐效果。     

橄榄苦甙牙膏的开发及其功效研究

通过橄榄苦甙在不同牙膏配方中的实验研究确定了橄榄苦甙牙膏的最佳应用方案,产品中橄榄苦甙含量通过高温稳定性进行考察。体外抑菌实验及临床验证结果证明含有一定量橄榄苦甙的牙膏具有良好的抑菌作用,并对加入橄榄苦甙牙膏的药理作用与毒理作用进行了试验研究。     

救必应中药牙膏功效的试验研究

通过抑菌圈试验对救必应药粉的抑菌性能进行了研究,通过抑菌率检测和临床试验对救必应中药牙膏的功效进行了研究。结果表明,救必应药粉对口腔中有害的需氧菌和厌氧菌均有显著的抑制作用;含1%救必应的中药牙膏对变异链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率达到99%以上,并具有抑制牙菌斑、减轻牙龈炎和促进复发性口腔溃疡愈合的显著效果。     

甘草酸二钾在牙膏中的抑菌作用

测试了甘草酸二钾对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度,并研究了含0.2%甘草酸二钾的牙膏对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的抑菌作用及对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的影响。实验结果表明,甘草酸二钾对牙龈卟啉单胞菌具有抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为1.875 g/L;含0.2%甘草酸二钾的牙膏具有抑制牙龈卟啉单胞菌的作用,抑菌环直径为20.5 mm;在二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的抗炎模型上,含0.2%甘草酸二钾的牙膏具有超过醋酸氟轻松软膏的效果。     

专利文摘

由过氧化物和碱性原料组成的牙齿增白体系；抗菌口腔复配物；用于牙膏的聚磷酸盐衍生物；含聚乙烯吡略烷酮的牙齿漂白成分；治疗口腔的单元药剂、成套工具和方法；具有良好感观的含聚乙二醇的牙膏；用于去除口臭的含芫荽属植物或其成分的除臭剂；能有效去除口臭的复配物；一个非磨料增白牙膏；含柠檬酸锌的口腔复配物；口腔护理用复配物；预防口腔疾病的复配物；含糖酯和糖醚的口腔卫生产品；含铜化物的彩条牙膏；可增强抗菌效果和清新口气的抗菌牙膏；可抗菌和清新口气的抗菌牙膏；含过氧化物、山梨酸和初乳的口腔卫生用粉；一个牙粉配方；可增强活性成分输送到牙齿表面和治疗牙齿的含用疏水基修饰表面的功能性阴离子聚有机硅氧烷。[编者按]     

专利文摘

含植物精油和乙醇及可增强抗菌效果的醛的香精及含该香精的牙膏;含脯氨酸或其衍生物的牙膏;含阴离子表面活性剂的牙膏;用于电动牙刷的牙膏;含乳酸菌产品和葡萄糖酸盐和／或低聚糖的口腔用品;填充在塑料管中的含水几乎不溶的非离子活性成分的牙膏。     

Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of cellulose nanofibers/polylactic acid composites coated with ethanolic extract of propolis

This work has focused on developing cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)/polylactic acid (PLA) coated with ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP). First, the chemical composition of EEP was studied in order to determine the major compounds. Composites were then prepared using solvent casting method, with the goal of making green composites. The effectiveness of EEP was evaluated for its antibacterial and antifungal properties, using standard protocol of disc diffusion method (DDM). Chemical analysis of EEP indicated that the propolis samples had high concentrations of the aromatic acids, phenolics, esters, and other derivatives, which are responsible for the antibacterial and antifungal properties of propolis. Experimental results indicated that EEP had a considerable antibacterial activity against most of tested pathogen strains. In general, the surface of modified CNFs/PLA films showed antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, even at very low concentrations of EEP. The addition of EEP to the tested films drastically increased the antibacterial effect against Gram‐positive, such as Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococcus aureus , and Salmonella enteric , while there was no effect on Gram‐negative bacteria. Moreover, the results pointed out the inhibitory action of EEP on Candida albicans . POLYM. COMPOS., 38:13–19, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

全球牙膏市场与产品的最新进展

全球牙膏市场被划分为美国、日本、两欧、东欧、亚太、拉美和中东7个区域市场,介绍了各区域市场的牙膏销售最和产品特点。全球牙膏产品通常被划分为儿童、抗龋、抗过敏、牙龈保护、除牙斑、抗菌、美自、多效、新感觉和天然10个类别,同时,介绍了2003／2004年度各类别上市新品的最新进展。最后,文章对中外牙膏在市场、产品及管理方面的差异进行了分析,并提出相关的对策建议。     

PVA hydrogels loaded with a Brazilian propolis for burn wound healing applications

PVA hydrogels offer many suitable characteristics for burn wound dressings. However, unmodified PVA gels do not act against infection. Propolis is a natural antimicrobial agent suitable for incorporation into PVA gels. PVA–propolis gels were produced by freeze–thawing method, and their microstructure, mechanical, and swelling properties (in standard PBS and a PBS‐based solution with pH 4.0) were characterized. The propolis release profiles and the gel's antibacterial and cytotoxicity properties were also investigated. The presence of propolis in the gels interfered with the PVA crystallization profile and with the mechanical properties. All samples swelled at least 400% in both media. The propolis was mostly released to the media in the first day of immersion. PVA–propolis gels with concentrations of 15% propolis or more were active against the gram‐positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which is associated with initial colonization of the wound. All PVA–propolis samples acted as barriers to microbial penetration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42129.     

无氟防龋体系浅析

牙膏无氟防龋体系应用的防龋材料主要有纳米级羟基磷灰石（HAP）、免疫球蛋白（IgY）和中药如两面针、厚朴、茶多酚和蜂胶等.纳米级羟基磷灰石可以使脱矿的牙釉质再矿化,提高牙釉质抗龋能力;免疫球蛋白对变形链球菌和牙菌斑的形成有较好的抑制作用.检测试验或临床结果表明,两面针、厚朴、茶多酚和蜂胶等中药对致龋菌和牙菌斑的形成的抑制效果也比较好,这些都可以组成效果比较好的无氟防龋体系.     

Comparison of prolonged antibacterial activity and release profile of propolis‐incorporated PVA nanofibrous mat,microfibrous mat,and film

Propolis as a natural antibacterial agent was incorporated into the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in different forms of nanofiber, microfiber, and film. The successful fabrication of uniform nanofibers with 85–314 nm diameters and microfibers with 2.02 μm diameter was proved by scanning electron microscopy. Structural analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction and swelling properties confirmed the formation PVA hydrogel and its H‐bonding to the propolis. Evaluation and comparison of antimicrobial properties of produced samples against Staphylococcus aureus strains revealed that nanofiber mat with 19 mm inhibition zone has 11.76 and 26.67% higher efficiency against bacteria than microfiber mat and film with 17 and 15 mm inhibition zone, respectively. Nanofibrous mat showed sustained release during 96 h by maintaining full antibacterial activity up to 51 h which is of great importance in burn wounds. These results confirm the advanced performance of natural propolis in the form of nanofiber substrate as wound dressing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45794.     

不同产地蜂胶中总黄酮的提取及含量测定

目的:测定不同产地蜂胶中总黄酮的含量,为蜂胶的质量控制提供更多依据。方法:通过正交设计试验,优选蜂胶中总黄酮的提取方法;以芦丁为对照品,用分光光度法测定不同产地蜂胶中总黄酮的含量。结果:国内主要产地的蜂胶中总黄酮含量均高于巴西蜂胶,且河南,山东产蜂胶中总黄酮含量大于20%。结论:该方法可靠,测定结果能反映客观实际,可作为蜂胶质量控制指标之一。     

STAg联合蜂胶佐剂鼻内免疫小鼠抗弓形虫感染的保护作用

目的探讨可溶性速殖子抗原(STAg)联合蜂胶佐剂鼻内免疫小鼠抗弓形虫感染的保护作用及蜂胶的适宜剂量。方法将60只BALB/c小鼠随机分为5组,每组12只,分别用20μgSTAg、20μgSTAg+5μg蜂胶、20μgSTAg+10μg蜂胶、20μgSTAg+20μg蜂胶及20μgSTAg+40μg蜂胶鼻内免疫小鼠2次,间隔14d。末次免疫后第10天,用RH株弓形虫速殖子灌胃攻击,4×104个/只,观察小鼠存活情况。攻击后第30天处死全部小鼠,分离计数小鼠脑、肝组织内速殖子和肠系膜淋巴结淋巴细胞(MLNL)、脾T淋巴细胞;ELISA法检测小鼠肺冲洗液、粪便弓形虫特异性sIgA和血清IgG抗体水平。结果随着蜂胶剂量的增加,小鼠脑、肝速殖子数呈下降趋势,20μgSTAg+40μg蜂胶组显著低于20μgSTAg组,脑、肝组织减虫率分别为46.10%和60.11%;MLNL和脾T淋巴细胞增殖活性提高,其中20μgSTAg+40μg蜂胶组小鼠MLNL和脾T淋巴细胞数分别为(2.09±0.24)×107和(1.89±0.21)×107,均显著高于20μgSTAg组;肺冲洗液、粪便弓形虫特异性sIgA和血清IgG抗体水平呈增高趋势,但各组间差异无统计学意义。结论STAg联合蜂胶佐剂鼻内免疫小鼠可有效诱导抗弓形虫感染的保护作用,适宜的蜂胶剂量为40μg。     

Biopolymeric matrices made of carrageenan and corn starch for the antioxidant extracts delivery of Cuban red propolis and yerba mate

The design of biopolymeric matrices for the delivery of bioactive compounds constitutes a useful strategy to prevent the spoilage of food products. In the current work, carrageenan–starch films with antioxidant extracts of Cuban red propolis and yerba mate were prepared by casting. The morphological analysis by SEM showed a more homogeneous structure for the yerba mate films in comparison with the propolis ones. The incorporation of the natural extracts affected the dynamic-mechanical behavior of the films, whereas their crystallinity degrees were maintained. FTIR analysis showed stronger interactions of the polymer matrix with the propolis extract than with the yerba mate one. The films exhibited differences in their mechanical properties; higher tensile strength values were obtained for the yerba mate films than for the propolis samples. However, the last films exhibited higher elongation at break. Both matrices showed good stability of the active compounds along 6 months of storage at 75% RH and 23 °C. After this time, the samples showed an increase in their DPPH scavenging activity. The release behavior of the phenolic compounds from the films in an aqueous medium was assayed finding significant differences (p < 0.05) between release rates of both extracts.