热氧老化对PA10T/GF复合材料性能及使用寿命的影响

用玻璃纤维(GF)对聚对苯二甲酰葵二胺(PA10T)进行改性得到PA10T/GF复合材料,通过控制熔融共混过程中GF的长度制备短GF增强PA10T(PA10T/SGF)复合材料和长GF增强PA10T(PA10T/LGF)复合材料。采用人工加速老化实验,研究热氧老化对PA10T/GF复合材料力学性能的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对PA10T/GF复合材料的冲击断面以及表面形貌进行分析,并预测了PA10T/GF复合材料的使用寿命。结果表明,PA10T/LGF复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度以及缺口冲击强度较PA10T/SGF复合材料的高;在240℃下热氧老化50 d后,与PA10T/LGF复合材料相比,PA10T/SGF复合材料具有更好的耐老化性能;SEM分析表明,PA10T/GF复合材料的热氧老化机理主要是由于PA10T树脂的降解所引起的PA10T与GF界面作用的削弱;而通过寿命预测发现当使用温度为150℃时,PA10T/LGF和PA10T/SGF复合材料的使用寿命分别为101 d和86 d,在温度低于172℃时,PA10T/LGF复合材料比PA10T/SGF复合材料具有更长的使用寿命。     

高性能玻璃纤维增强PA10T/PA66复合材料研究

以玻璃纤维(GF)增强,马来酸酐接枝氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)增容尼龙10T/尼龙66(PA10T/PA66)共混物,考察了两者用量对共混物力学性能、热变形温度、加工性能等的影响。结果表明,随着玻璃纤维添加量从5%增加到40%,复合材料的拉伸强度不断增加,缺口冲击强度先下降后增加,热变形温度大幅度增加,加工性能则变差,SEBS-g-M AH可以明显提高复合材料的缺口冲击强度。PA66与PA10T质量比为35/65,玻璃纤维添加量为40%,SEBS-g-M AH添加量为5%时,所得复合材料的拉伸强度为223. 4 MPa,缺口冲击强度为19. 65 k J/m~2,热变形温度为237. 9℃,熔体质量流动速率为12. 1 g/10min。冲击断面扫描电镜照片表明SEBS-g-MAH可以提高GF、PA10T和PA66之间的相容性。差示扫描量热研究表明PA66和SEBS-g-MAH会破坏PA10T结晶,GF添加量为5%时促进PA10T结晶,40%时稍微阻碍其结晶。     

玻璃纤维增强生物基PA10T复合材料的制备及性能研究

由癸二胺和对苯二甲酸缩聚而成的新型生物基半芳香族聚酰胺材料——聚对苯二甲酰癸二胺(PA10T),其生物基质量分数为40%～60%,碳排放优势明显，可以满足可持续发展需要。以PA10T作为基体树脂，玻璃纤维(GF)作为增强材料，通过熔融挤出法制备了一系列GF增强PA10T复合材料，并对材料的力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：随着GF增强体含量的逐渐增加，所制备的GF增强PA10T复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度均逐渐增加。当GF增强体的添加质量分数为35%时，所制备的PA10T复合材料(PA10T-GF35)的拉伸强度为194.8 MPa,弯曲模量为10 246.8 MPa,缺口冲击强度为8.8 kJ/m²。此外，对PA10T-GF35复合材料的非等温结晶性能、耐冷冻液性能和加工性能进行了相关研究，结果表明：相较于聚酰胺66(PA66)和聚对苯二甲酰己二胺/聚酰胺66共聚物(PA6T/66),PA10T作为基体树脂所制备的PA10T-GF35复合材料展现出更好的耐冷冻液性能；同时，添加CYD-819可以明显改善PA10T复合材料的加工流动性能。     

抗氧剂对PA6/GF热氧老化性能的影响

选用1098,1076,168,H10,H161和H3373几种抗氧剂,共混挤出制成玻璃纤维(GF)增强尼龙(PA)6(PA6/GF)复合材料。在140℃条件下热氧老化1 000 h,通过拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、颜色和表面微裂纹测试,讨论不同抗氧剂对复合材料抗热氧老化的作用效果。结果表明,H161,H3373有较好的抗热氧老化效果。比较H10,H161和H3373 3种不同种类的抗氧剂及不同添加量对复合材料抗热氧老化的作用效果。结果表明,对拉伸强度、颜色的作用效果:H3373H161H10;对缺口冲击强度的作用效果:H161H3373H10;不同比例时作用效果差异不大。抗氧剂H161和H3373能有效防止PA6/GF复合材料表面微裂纹的产生,经过140℃,1 000 h热氧老化后,材料色板表面未见微裂纹的产生。     

增韧剂和偶联剂下GF增强PA复合材料性能表征分析

选择双螺杆挤出机来制备以尼龙(PA)6T/66与PA10T为基础的玻璃纤维(GF)增强复合材料,分析马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃弹性体(POE-g-MAH)增韧剂对PA复合材料的力学特性改变作用。研究结果表明:将POE-g-MAH加入含20%GF的PA66复合材料基体后,试样的弯曲、拉伸强度以及弯曲弹性模量都发生了减小;对于含GF为20%的PA10T,弯曲弹性模量逐渐减小,拉伸与弯曲强度则先增大后减小。在加入了5%POE-g-MAH的复合材料断面中,出现了较多数量的褶皱,POE-g-MAH能够使GF和PA6T/66之间形成更良好的界面结合性能,显著提高界面相容性。加入偶联剂会导致PA6T/66体系力学性能的明显改善。加入POE-g-MAH可以改善树脂的界面相容性能,提高GF和树脂的结合强度。     

PA6/SANMAH/GF复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用双螺杆挤出机通过熔融共混制备了尼龙6／（苯乙烯／丙烯腈／顺丁烯二酸酐）共聚物／玻璃纤维（PA6／SANMAH／GF）复合材料，测试了材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、缺口冲击强度、热变形温度、吸水率、熔点和熔融焓，并与GF增强PA6（PA6／GF）复合材料和GF增强PA6／（苯乙烯／丙烯腈）共聚物（PA6／SAN／GF）复合材料进行了性能对比。结果表明，在PA6与SANMAH的质量比为100：3—30时，PA6／SANMAH／GF复合材料的拉伸强度与PA6／GF复合材料相当，但高于PA6／SAN／GF复合材料，弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量高于PA6／GF和PA6／SAN／GF复合材料．缺口冲击强度高于PA6／GF复合材料，但低于PA6／SAN／GF复合材料；在PA6与SANMAH的质量比为100：40时，PA6／SANMAH／GF复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度明显降低；在整个试验范围内，PA6／SANMAH／GF复合材料的热变形温度比PA6／GF和PA6／SAN／GF复合材料低4～7℃；吸水率随着SAN-MAH用量的增加而逐渐减小。     

PA66/RTMB/GF复合材料的结构与力学性能研究

采用玻璃纤维(GF)、反应性增韧母料(RTMB)与PA66热机械反应性共混制备出了PA66/RTMB/GF复合材料.用IR、SEM、力学性能测定等方法研究了PA66/RTMB/GF复合材料的化学结构、断面形态及力学性能.结果表明:PA66/RTMB/GF中RTMB、GF和PA66间形成了化学键连接,GF和PA66间呈柔性界面结合;PA66/RTMB/GF质量比为60/10/30的复合材料的拉伸屈服应力、弯曲弹性模量、悬臂梁缺口冲击强度分别提高到原料PA66的1.73倍、2.72倍、3.86倍.     

玄武岩纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

以聚丙烯(PP)树脂为基体,加入玄武岩纤维(BF)和相关助剂,通过双螺杆挤出机熔融共混制得相应复合材料。考查相容剂对PP/BF复合材料性能影响、对PP/BF复合材料和PP/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料力学性能、微观形貌和耐热氧老化等性能进行对比。通过实验数据分析,加入相容剂后,拉伸强度提高126.8%,弯曲强度提高223.8%,弯曲弹性模量提高119.9%,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度提高223.2%。在同样质量配比下,PP/BF复合材料较PP/GF复合材料拉伸强度提高9.8%,弯曲强度提高11.0%,弯曲弹性模量提高5.8%,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度降低10.7%。从微观电镜分析,加入相容剂可明显改善纤维与PP基材界面浸润程度。另外,BF比GF更易使复合材料老化,常规热氧老化剂1010和168对纤维增强PP类材料耐老化效果并不好,用等量自制热氧老化剂可解决此问题。     

玻璃纤维增强尼龙66复合材料的结构与性能

使用双螺杆挤出机,采用共混改性方法制备玻璃纤维(GF)增强尼龙66(PA 66)复合材料(GF-PA 66),并对其结构、热性能和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明:制备的GF质量分数分别为20%,25%,30%的GF-PA 66复合材料的密度均低于1.4 g/cm³,GF在GF-PA 66复合材料体系中呈现纤维交错复杂的网络结构;GF-PA 66复合材料的起始热降解温度均在320℃以上,具有较好的耐热性;随着GF含量的增加,GF-PA 66复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量升高,当GF质量分数达到30%时,复合材料的拉伸强度为147.4 MPa,比纯PA 66提高了75%,弯曲强度达到202 MPa,比纯PA 66提高了112%,弯曲模量达到7 783.3 MPa,比纯PA 66提高了175%;随着GF含量的增加,GF-PA 66复合材料的悬臂梁冲击强度先降低后升高,当GF质量分数为30%时,复合材料的悬臂梁冲击强度高于纯PA 66。     

热氧老化对长玻璃纤维增强PP材料动态流变性能影响

通过熔融共混法制备长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯(LGFPP)复合材料,采用旋转流变仪和扫描电子显微镜测试研究了不同热氧老化时间下复合材料的动态流变行为。结果表明,热氧老化过程PP发生降解,分子量降低,同时随老化程度的加深分子链的缠结以及分子间相互作用力逐渐被削弱,分子链松弛能力增加;树脂的降解过程容易在纤维与基体的界面区域进行,使得纤维与基体的界面性能下降,粘结力下降。因此,随老化时间的增加复合材料的储能模量、损耗模量、损耗因子以及复数黏度都呈现下降趋势。     

剑麻纤维/聚丙烯木塑复合材料的热氧老化性能研究

以剑麻纤维(SF)、聚丙烯(PP)为原料,经熔融共混、模压成型工艺制备木塑复合材料。探讨了SF/PP复合材料的力学性能、热性能随老化时间和SF含量的变化规律,借助扫描电镜对复合材料老化前后的冲击断面进行微观结构分析。结果表明:老化后复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量随剑麻含量的增加而降低;同时,复合材料中PP相的结晶速率、结晶度也有所降低,但复合材料的热稳定性基本没有变化。     

UV老化对ZnO填充PA6/LGF复合材料性能的影响

用熔融共混法制备出长玻璃纤维(LGF)含量为30%的LGF增强尼龙6(PA6)/ZnO(PA6/LGF/ZnO)复合材料,并采用氙灯紫外(UV)老化法研究了ZnO含量为0%~8%及UV老化时间为0~800 h对复合材料力学性能和结晶性能的影响。结果表明,经UV辐照后,PA6/LGF/ZnO复合材料的拉伸强度升高,韧性下降,其中当ZnO添加量为6%时,复合材料在800 h老化后的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度保留率较未添加ZnO的复合材料分别提高了5.39%和4.98%。SEM分析表明在UV老化过程中,LGF与PA6基体之间的界面并未受到明显破坏,老化主要集中发生在PA6基体上。随着老化时间的延长,PA6/LGF复合材料中的PA6出现UV交联而使其结晶度从26.19%降低至20.70%;对于ZnO含量为6%的PA6/LGF/ZnO复合材料,老化800 h后其结晶度仅从22.92%下降至21.34%,PA6/LGF/ZnO复合材料整体上的结晶性能趋于稳定。     

高性能聚氯乙烯复合材料的研究

以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基体、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(PUR–T)为增韧剂、连续玻璃纤维(GF)为增强剂,通过熔体浸渍挤出工艺制备高性能PVC复合材料,并对其力学性能、耐热性能和动态力学性能进行研究。结果表明,随着PUR–T或连续GF含量增加,复合材料的力学性能和耐热性能均得到提高,当PUR–T/PVC质量比为2/8,连续GF质量分数为30%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、维卡软化温度分别为83.42 MPa,19.81 k J/m2,106.33 MPa,8 823.36 MPa和74.1℃;随着连续GF含量增加,复合材料的储能模量和玻璃化转变温度提高,损耗因子降低;扫描电子显微镜测试结果表明连续GF在PVC中保持了较长的长度,分散性良好。     

Influence of thermo‐oxidative aging on the dynamical mechanical properties and thermal degradation kinetics of glass fiber‐reinforced PA10T composites

Unveiling the fundamental thermal‐oxidative aging mechanism and thermal degradation kinetics of the poly(decamethyleneterephthalamide) (PA10T)/ glass fiber (GF) composites under different aging temperatures (160°C, 200°C, and 240°C) for 0–50 days will facilitate the understanding of the interaction between matrix PA10T and GF. The results revealed that the decrease of mechanical properties referring to tensile strength, flexural strength and notched impact strength, and the occurrence of debonding phenomenon between PA10T matrix and GF were increasingly obvious after longer aging time at higher aging temperature. At the same time, the decline of crystalline was mainly ascribed to the thermal‐oxidative aging effect, which triggered the deterioration of mechanical properties of PA10T/GF composites. Accordingly, the enhancement of rigidity were probably attributed to the higher temperature aging effect with the aging time prolonging in PA10T/GF composites, while the interfacial debonding between GF and resin matrix obviously occurred with the increase of aging time. In a word, it is believed that investigating the fundamental thermal‐oxidative aging of PA10T/GF composites would be beneficial to optimize and control the service life and applications of materials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:643–656, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚对苯二甲酰癸二胺导热复合材料性能的研究

通过双螺杆挤出机制备出石墨/聚对苯二甲酰癸二胺(PA10T)和石墨烯/PA10T导热复合材料,研究了石墨和石墨烯对复合材料力学性能和导热性能的影响。研究发现:导热复合材料的拉伸强度和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度随着导热填料含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的变化,而弯曲模量和导热系数随导热填料含量的增加而增加。与石墨相比,添加更少量的石墨烯即可以显著提高复合材料的力学性能和导热性能。     

Properties of anionic polymerized ε‐caprolactam in the presence of carbon nanotubes

The results of the investigations of the relations between structure, physical and usage properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) reinforced with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are presented. A method of in situ anionic bulk polymerization of ε‐caprolactam in the presence of MWNTs was used for the preparation of reinforced PA6. The polymerization product was crushed, and the pellets of PA6 and PA6/MWNTs composites were injection molded to produce the standard test specimens for various measurements. The surface morphology (SEM), thermal (DSC, TGA, DMTA), and mechanical properties (tensile strength, Charpy's notched impact strength) of these materials were examined. Some differences between our specimens and those obtained by hydrolytic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam (CL) were found. It was found that a small amount of carbon nanotube decreases the crystallinity degree of PA6 matrix in the composites. The thermal stability was higher than that for neat PA6. DMTA results showed that the magnitudes of the storage modulus are higher for the PA6/MWNTs composites than for the unmodified PA6 in the temperature range between ?90 and 200°C. The tensile strength and tensile modulus are higher compared with the neat PA6. The elongation at break showed no noticeable change in the range of MWNTs loading considered, while the Charpy's notched impact strength slightly decreased. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

自然老化对膨胀阻燃LGFPP复合材料燃烧性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备出膨胀阻燃长玻纤增强聚丙烯(LGFPP/IFR)复合材料,利用极限氧指数(LOI)测试、垂直燃烧测试、锥形量热分析等表征手段研究了户外自然条件下,不同自然老化时间对LGFPP/IFR复合材料燃烧性能的影响。结果显示,在LGFPP/IFR复合材料的自然老化过程中,PP基体及IFR会发生降解,导致长时间老化后试样的燃烧性能下降,但在老化初期阻燃剂的迁移效应依然占主导地位。当老化时间为6个月时,试样的LOI达到最大值,为28.2%,其热释放速率峰值、总热释放量以及生烟速率均为最小值,表明复合体系的阻燃性能有所提高。扫描电子显微镜测试结果表明,试样燃烧后形成炭层的致密性是影响复合体系燃烧性能的关键因素。     

原位微纤增强复合材料的结构与性能

采用熔融挤出——热拉伸——牵引拉伸制备了HDPE/PA6原位成纤增强复合材料,通过SEM分析了分散相PA6含量对其在基体中的形态及分布的影响;讨论了两种加工方式条件下分散相PA6含量对复合材料拉伸性能和冲击韧性的影响以及加工方式对复合体系力学性能的影响。结果表明：在原位成纤增强复合材料中存在直径为2～5 μm的纤维,当HDPE/PA6质量比为85/15时,微纤直径约为3 μm,此时,与普通共混复合材料相比,原位成纤增强复合材料的拉伸强度提高了6.9%,拉伸模量提高了14.8%,冲击强度提高10.03%。     

Short glass fiber reinforced ABS and ABS/PA6 composites: Processing and characterization

In this study acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) terpolymer was reinforced with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS)‐treated short glass fibers (SGFs). The effects of SGF concentration and extrusion process conditions, such as the screw speed and barrel temperature profile, on the mechanical properties of the composites were examined. Increasing the SGF concentration in the ABS matrix from 10 wt% to 30 wt% resulted in improved tensile strength, tensile modulus and flexural modulus, but drastically lowered the strain‐at‐break and the impact strength. The average fiber length decreased when the concentration of glass fibers increased. The increase in screw speed decreased the average fiber length, and therefore the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength were affected negatively and the strain‐at‐break was affected positively. The increase in extrusion temperature decreased the fiber length degradation, and therefore the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength increased. At higher temperatures the ABS matrix degraded and the mechanical strength of the composites decreased. To obtain a strong interaction at the interface, polyamide‐6 (PA6) at varying concentrations was introduced into the ABS/30 wt% SGF composite. The incorporation and increasing amount of PA6 in the composites broadened the fiber length distribution (FLD) owing to the low melt viscosity of PA6. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength values increased with an increase in the PA6 content of the ABS/PA6/SGF systems due to the improved adhesion at the interface, which was confirmed by the ratio of tensile strength to flexural strength as an adhesion parameter. These results were also supported by scanning electron micrographs of the ABS/PA6/SGF composites, which exhibited an improved adhesion between the SGFs and the ABS/PA6 matrix. POLYM. COMPOS. 26:745–755, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical properties of continuous bamboo fiber-reinforced biobased polyamide 11 composites

This study is devoted to the analysis of the properties of continuous bamboo fiber (BF)-reinforced polyamide 11 (PA 11) composites. The SEM observations highlighted continuity between BFs and the polymeric matrix showing a high density of hydrogen bonds. The comparative calorimetric study of the matrix and its composites showed that the crystallinity of PA 11 was not modified by the presence of bamboo fibers. The physical aging observed in PA 11 is no more observed in composites due to physical interactions between PA 11 and BFs. The mechanical properties were investigated by tensile strength and dynamic mechanical analysis. The introduction of BFs enhanced Young's modulus of the matrix by a factor of 10. The presence of BFs also improved the storage shear modulus G′ over the whole temperature range. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47623.