Recent progress in food processing applications of air impingement technology: A review

Air impingement method has been widely used in a variety of industrial applications, such as textile and paper drying, turbine cooling, and glass quenching, because it is an efficient technology with high heat and mass transfer rates. This technology has received increasing interest in the field of food processing over the last two decades, such as drying, baking, blanching, freezing, and thawing. In a food processing equipment using air impingement, jets of high-velocity air (with speeds of 10–50 m/s) are directed at a food product. The performance of the system is influenced by several critical elements, including jet velocity, nozzle array diameter and layout, jet distance, and boundary layer characteristics. The use of computational fluid dynamics, an emerging tool, has been shown to be valuable in the analysis of fluid flow and heat and mass transfer in jet impingement systems. The physical properties of impinging jets, such as turbulent mixing in the free jet zone, stagnation, boundary layer formation, recirculation, and their interactions with food products in terms of heat and mass transfer, have been discussed in this article. The benefits and disadvantages of air jet impingement technology in different food processing applications together with potential trends for improving impingement technology performance were identified and discussed. This review not only contributes to a better understanding of the research status of impingement technology on food processing but also triggers new research opportunities in this field in order to provide more healthy and nutritious food in a more sustainable way to the world's growing population.     

气流雾化喷嘴结构设计分析

对气流染色机的雾化喷嘴结构设计进行分析，阐述了雾化喷嘴的原理，结构和功能。     

气体射流冲击干燥花生实验工艺的优化研究

目的 探究气体射流冲击干燥装置对花生干燥特性和营养品质的影响及优化干燥工艺。方法 利用气体射流冲击干燥装置研究不同因素(干燥温度、风速、喷射间距)对花生的干燥特性、发芽率、营养品质的影响。以上述三因素进行单因素实验,分析实验结果确定待优化区间,并运用Box-Behnken响应面实验设计和隶属度综合评分法,对干燥工艺进行综合优化。通过数据分析与比较,得出最优干燥工艺。结果 温度45℃、风速5 m/s、喷射间距15 cm为最优干燥工艺。此时花生干燥速率为0.09 (g?g-1?min-1)、发芽率为95%、亚油酸含量为34%。结论 该工艺相比其他工艺,既能保证花生营养品质、发芽率,又可实现快速干燥,为气体射流冲击干燥技术应用于花生干燥中提供了一定的理论依据。     

Colorimetric sensor arrays based on chemo-responsive dyes for food odor visualization

BackgroundThe colorimetric sensor array technology simulates human olfaction to analyze, identify and examine complex gas and volatility based on chem-responsive dyes. Unlike human olfaction and electronic noses, colorimetric sensor array is more objective and not susceptible to interference. In additional, with the visualization, rapidity and non-destruction of analysis, colorimetric sensor array has been increasingly applied in food science and industry.Scope and approachThis review focuses on the colorimetric sensor array technology and its major applications in food industry. Technical considerations associated with the chemo-responsive dyes, substrate materials, and data processing methods are discussed. In application, any type of food samples including solid, liquid food samples could be directly analyzed using colorimetric sensor array. Additionally, the recent development, and future research trends are also involved.Key findings and conclusionsThe colorimetric sensor array technology offers an exciting method to establish the correlation between the output of a colorimetric sensor array and the odor components, thereby enabling visual quantification of odors. It provides a potential odor-image-based monitoring tool for the rapid, reliable and in-line assessment of food safety and quality.     

超高压食品处理技术

超高压技术作为一种新兴的食品处理技术,具有广阔的应用前景。本文系统介绍了超高压食品处理技术的发展史、杀菌机理、技术优势、影响因素、工艺与装置以及协同降压措施等,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

食品加工技术对于食品过敏原的影响

食物过敏是当前食品安全领域较为突出的问题,一些食品加工方法如脱皮、加热可从一定程度上降低食品的致敏性,脱敏效果与加工的方式以及过敏原的种类密切相关。本文综述了对一般加工方法对于减轻过敏反应的作用。     

高压脉冲电场技术在食品加工中的应用

高压脉冲电场技术是近年来发展起来的一项新兴的非热加工技术,它具有传递均匀、处理时间短、能耗低、能有效保护食品营养成分和天然的色香味等特征,是目前非热处理食品技术中效果最佳、应用前景最好的技术之一。介绍了高压脉冲电场技术的基本情况、系统介绍了高压脉冲电场技术在食品加工中的应用,分析了高压脉冲电场技术在食品加工中存在的问题,进一步展望了其工业化前景。     

Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Air Jet Impingement in Food Processing

ABSTRACT: Air impingement technology is gaining popularity in food-processing operations such as baking, freezing, drying, and toasting. In this article, physical characteristics of impinging jets, such as turbulent mixing in the free jet region, stagnation, boundary-layer formation, recirculation, and their interactions with food products in terms of heat and mass transfer have been reviewed. The discussion includes experimental methods used for measurement of heat and mass transfer for single and multiple slot and circular jets. Procedures used for measurement of heat-transfer coefficient such as lumped sensor method, micro-calorimetric approach, and use of flux sensors are presented. Typical qualitative and quantitative flow-field studies using planar visualization and laser Doppler anemometry have been reviewed. Numerical modeling of air impingement systems is discussed with special consideration of problems arising in food-processing systems.     

休闲食品加工技术研究进展

休闲食品伴随人们生活方式和食品科技及产业的发展得到迅速发展,已成为人们日常生活中不可缺失的部分。休闲食品行业的快速发展除了归功于政策推动,极为重要的发展动力还源于支撑整个行业前进的食品加工技术,其中包括膨化技术、挤压技术、油炸技术、脱水干燥技术等。这些关键的加工技术在近年来也发生了极大的变化,呈现出复合化的趋势,这些改变克服了很多以往加工中的缺点,拓宽了原料选择范围,丰富了产品种类,优化了产品质量。本文综述了休闲食品中重要的膨化技术、挤压技术、油炸技术、脱水干燥技术的应用及其研究进展,意在推动休闲食品创新发展的步伐。     

膜技术在食品加工中的应用

膜技术是一项新兴的高效分离技术,为食品工业的发展发挥了重要的作用。在果蔬汁、乳制品、粮油加工和酿造工业、制糖工业中得到了广泛应用,并产生了巨大的经济效应和社会效应。     

Aspects of high hydrostatic pressure food processing: Perspectives on technology and food safety

The last two decades saw a steady increase of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) used for treatment of foods. Although the science of biomaterials exposed to high pressure started more than a century ago, there still seem to be a number of unanswered questions regarding safety of foods processed using HHP. This review gives an overview on historical development and fundamental aspects of HHP, as well as on potential risks associated with HHP food applications based on available literature. Beside the combination of pressure and temperature, as major factors impacting inactivation of vegetative bacterial cells, bacterial endospores, viruses, and parasites, factors, such as food matrix, water content, presence of dissolved substances, and pH value, also have significant influence on their inactivation by pressure. As a result, pressure treatment of foods should be considered for specific food groups and in accordance with their specific chemical and physical properties. The pressure necessary for inactivation of viruses is in many instances slightly lower than that for vegetative bacterial cells; however, data for food relevant human virus types are missing due to the lack of methods for determining their infectivity. Parasites can be inactivated by comparatively lower pressure than vegetative bacterial cells. The degrees to which chemical reactions progress under pressure treatments are different to those of conventional thermal processes, for example, HHP leads to lower amounts of acrylamide and furan. Additionally, the formation of new unknown or unexpected substances has not yet been observed. To date, no safety-relevant chemical changes have been described for foods treated by HHP. Based on existing sensitization to non-HHP-treated food, the allergenic potential of HHP-treated food is more likely to be equivalent to untreated food. Initial findings on changes in packaging materials under HHP have not yet been adequately supported by scientific data.     

基于高光谱技术的红茶茶多酚可视化研究

目的 利用高光谱技术实现对英红九号红茶茶多酚含量的快速无损、可视化检测。方法 采集128个红茶光谱数据并进行光谱预处理后,引入蒙特卡罗-高斯分布方法寻找异常样本。经两次异常样本剔除,各模型预测集决定系数r²均有0.2～0.4的大幅提升。为解决大样本模型训练时间长、数据冗余问题,采用连续投影算法进行波长筛选,共得到14个能反映红茶茶多酚含量的特征波长,并比较了最小二乘回归、支持向量机回归、BP神经网路、粒子群优化最小二乘支持向量机回归(particle swarm optimization least squares support vector regression, PSO-LSSVR) 4种模型预测红茶茶多酚含量的精度。最后以最优模型建立茶多酚可视化模型。结果 合理剔除样本并以光谱特征为输入,结合PSO-LSSVR方法建立的模型效果最佳,其校正集决定系数为0.921,预测集决定系数为0.903,预测精度达到了90%以上,基本实现了茶多酚含量可视化检测。结论 可视化算法有效地反映了红茶茶多酚分布情况,适用于茶叶快速无损检测。     

一种新的食品加工技术-超高压技术

食品加工技术从一定意义上是从属于其他技术的发展而前进的,食品加工是从有菌到无菌进而提高保质期的过程,超高压技术是按期出现的实现这一过程一种新方法,另一方面,超技术与其他新技术（如双轴挤压技术、膜分离技术、电磁波利用技术等）二起可掀起一场食品加工业革命式的变革。     

微胶囊技术及其在食品加工中的应用

微胶囊技术是目前研究开发的高新技术之一,利用微胶囊化方法不仅叮增加产品的附加值,更足获得优良性新原料的良好来源。文中概述了常用的微胶囊化的方法,并从工艺特点、适用概况和独特性能上进行比较,简述了其在食品加工中的应用。     

开袋即食鱼腥草方便食品加工工艺的研究

研究了鱼腥草的护色保脆技术及其方便食品的加工工艺。采用L9(34)正交设计,确定了最佳的保脆技术和杀菌条件。结果表明,新鲜鱼腥草洗净切段,用0.2?Cl2和2%NaCl混合液在室温条件下硬化处理90min,再用0.2%柠檬酸结合0.2%NaHSO3溶液在室温条件下护色浸泡90min,经漂洗、调味腌制后进行真空包装,杀菌公式为3-10min/85℃。     

气流分级技术在食品加工中的应用

文章在查阅国内外文献的基础上,重点综述了气流分级技术在食品加工中所取得的最新进展及存在的问题,并对未来气流分级技术在食品中的应用进行展望。     

Development of model mouth for food oral processing studies: Present challenges and scopes

Food oral processing research covers the study of mastication, role of tongue, teeth, and palate, food-saliva interaction, bolus formation, texture and flavor perceptions, etc. Over the preceding decades, instrumental approaches were advanced to evaluate texture, flavor, and other physicochemical changes by simulating some form of oral functionalities and environments. However, a comprehensive assessment of food products under actual oral processing is still an open topic of research, and has many persisting challenges. Present experimental methods utilize a number of different instruments and feedbacks from trained human panel in order to draw some form of correlations between physicochemical properties of the food composition and its sensorial properties. Major shortfalls of these existing instruments are their justifiable limitation to become a true representation of actual oral conditions and mechanisms. It therefore leads to contemplate on an ambitious objective to develop a device closely resembling the processes and mechanisms of human mouth.This paper proposes a review of the development of artificial mouth and masticatory devices designed specifically for food oral processing studies. The devices which have been exclusively built for other purposes such as dental treatment, speech therapy, jaw simulation, etc. are judicially excluded from this review. The article further covered a state of the art on engineering interpretation of oral features. Following on, sincere attempts have been made to identify and classify the challenges and research gaps including the interdisciplinary nature of the field. This review has been summarized with guidelines for follow-up research and development in the direction of advance instrumentalization of food oral processing covering the research interests from both academics and food industries.     

调味阿根廷滑柔鱼烤制休闲食品加工工艺优化

目的 优化调味阿根廷滑柔鱼烤制休闲食品加工工艺。方法 以感官评分、硬度、弹性、咀嚼性等为指标,通过单因素考察结合正交实验优化调味配方和烤制工艺,采用电子舌和电子鼻分别测试调味烤制产品的风味和滋味,并对产品的微生物限量进行测评。结果 最佳工艺参数为:食盐1.0%、白糖7%、烧烤料1.3%、生抽2%、老抽0.5%、料酒2%,烤制时间8 min、烤制温度180℃、鱿鱼圈厚度4 mm,产品质地富有弹性、色泽均匀、咀嚼性良好、腥味减少、香味和滋味增加。经真空包装、灭菌的产品符合GB 10136—2015《食品安全国家标准动物性水产制品》“微生物限量”要求。结论 最佳工艺下调味阿根廷滑柔鱼烤制休闲食品的感官品质良好、具有独特风味和滋味,安全卫生。本研究为阿根廷滑柔鱼预制食品的进一步开发提供了技术和理论支持。