Ag纳米粒子表面BSA隔离层对聚苯乙烯荧光的增强效应

通过氧化还原法制备了粒径处于50~65nm的球形银(Ag)纳米粒子,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析其形貌及单分散性。在Ag纳米粒子基础上采用沉积自组装法合成了有效粒径为80.8nm的Ag/牛血清白蛋白(BSA)核壳结构纳米粒子。结合SEM、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和荧光发射光谱(FL)分析发现,BSA有效地包覆在Ag纳米粒子的外层,Ag/BSA核壳结构纳米粒子单分散性良好,加入Ag/BSA核壳结构纳米粒子的聚苯乙烯(PS)的荧光强度从100增强到6 000。研究结果表明,BSA隔离层对位于Ag表面附近的PS分子的荧光强度有显著的增强效应。     

聚苯乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯核/壳结构复合乳液的制备与形貌的研究

采用多步种子乳液聚合的方法 ,经过制种、合成核和合成壳 3个步骤 ,制备了具有核 /壳结构的聚苯乙烯(PS) /聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA)复合乳液 ,考察了制备条件对形成的复合乳液粒子的大小的影响。用透射电镜考察了复合乳液的形貌 ,发现乳液粒子的粒径在纳米级 ,预计在某些领域会有特殊用途。     

纳米TiO2对不同材料超滤膜结构与性能的影响

选用聚醚酮(PEK)、聚醚砜(PES)、酚酞聚醚砜(PES-C)3种不同的高分子材料,用浸没沉淀相转化法制备了一系列不同纳米TiO2含量的纳米TiO2复合膜,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线能谱仪(EDS),水接触角测试及超滤实验考察了纳米TiO2对膜的结构及性能的影响.结果表明,纳米TiO2与高分子超滤膜的复合显著改善了膜的亲水性.在截留率较高且基本保持不变的情况下,3种超滤膜的纯水通量和BSA溶液通量都得到了不同程度的提高.而由EDS分析可知,经过一定的时间,膜表面的TiO2会部分脱落,TiO2粒子与膜表面结合的稳定性问题不容忽视.在选用的3种材料中,TiO2粒子与PES-C膜表面结合较为牢固,且复合后BSA溶液通量的增幅最大,通量衰减较小,具有更好的膜结构和性能.     

松油醇包覆Cu-Ag复合纳米粉的氧化特性

用气-液两相稳定法制备了Cu-Ag复合纳米粉。并用XRD、 HRTEM、 DSC-TG、 红外光谱、 化学分析和氧含量分析等手段研究了粉体的相结构、 表面组成、 形貌、 粒度分布和氧化特性。结果表明, Cu-Ag复合纳米颗粒具有壳核结构, 核为纳米Cu-Ag, 壳为厚度10nm左右的松油醇(C₁₀H₁₈O)分子层和氧化层双层结构, 粉体的粒度分布为20~150nm。在空气中, 220℃包覆在Cu-Ag复合纳米粒子表面的松油醇分子开始氧化, 进而导致Cu-Ag复合纳米粒子在340℃左右迅速氧化, 680℃左右Cu-Ag复合纳米粒子完全氧化。 温度低于220℃时, 气-液两相稳定法制备的Cu-Ag复合纳米粉的抗氧化能力比气相稳定法制备的Cu-Ag复合纳米粉的抗氧化能力好。      

Ni掺杂TiO_2/RGO纳米复合材料的制备及其催化性能研究

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),然后采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2纳米粒子,进而合成出TiO_2/RGO纳米复合光催化剂。最后用氧化石墨烯(GO)作为载体,以钛酸丁酯(C_(16)H_(36)O_4Ti)和氯化镍(NiCl_2)为前驱体,以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为交联剂,采用一步水热法合成了过渡金属Ni负载TiO_2/RGO三元复合纳米光催化剂(Ni@TiO_2/RGO)。对制备出的各类光催化剂的结构、组成进行了FTIR、DRS、SEM和EDS分析,并且将其应用于光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液。实验结果表明:Ni@TiO_2/RGO复合光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性和良好的循环再生能力,在170 min内降解率达到91.8%,循环利用8次后其降解率依然可达到80%。     

聚苯乙烯/纳米SiO2复合颗粒制备与表征

为改善二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子与聚合物基体间的亲和性,使SiO2表面功能化,将硅烷偶联剂KH-570引入C=C基团,采用乳液聚合方法在纳米SiO2粒子表面接枝苯乙烯(St)单体,实现了纳米二氧化硅表面的聚苯乙烯(PS)高分子包覆改性,制备了具有核/壳结构的SiO2-PS复合纳米粒子,产物的单体转化率和接枝效率在80%以上.研究了二氧化硅含量和偶联剂用量对聚合反应的单体转化率和接枝效率的影响,探讨了偶联剂的作用机理,利用FT-IR、TEM、TG对SiO2-PS复合粒子的表面结构进行了表征.结果表明,复合粒子具有明显的核壳结构,壳层厚度在20nm左右,乳液聚合过程可有效使二氧化硅的团聚体剥离呈纳米级颗粒.     

一步水热模板法制备Cu-TiO2异质结构纳米粒子（英文）

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为软模板剂,采用一步水热法合成了具有异质结构的铜–二氧化钛复合纳米粒子.利用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分别对制备材料的相组成、微观结构进行了研究.结果表明,一步水热法制备的异质纳米粒子由单一立方相铜和锐钛矿相二氧化钛组成.高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)在单一粒子中观测到清晰的铜(101)和二氧化钛(111)晶面构成的界面.该界面有助于二氧化钛光生电子–空穴对的分离.同时,所制备纳米粒子的颗粒尺寸和光吸收特性可以通过改变PEG分子链长进行微调.本研究还对水热过程的反应机理进行了讨论,结果表明:PEG与铜氨络合物通过氢键连接,其链长对于粒子尺寸的影响在于PEG对Cu颗粒的尺寸进行的调节,而此过程中二氧化钛的晶粒尺寸并无明显变化.紫外–可见吸收光谱表明该异质纳米粒子与普通二氧化钛纳米粉体相比,对可见光区光谱有较为强烈的吸收.该界面纳米材料是一种有潜在应用价值的光催化材料和太阳能电池材料.     

油酸钠/Fe纳米粒子的制备及其脱氯性能研究

采用油酸钠作为包覆剂,在液相体系中制备油酸钠/Fe纳米复合粒子,并用TEM、XRD、FT-IR、DSC-TGA对所制得的纳米复合粒子进行结构表征.结果表明,油酸钠/Fe纳米复合粒子呈核壳结构,粒度分布窄,其粒径在90nm左右;T-IR和DSC-TGA分析证明纳米铁与油酸钠之间发生了化学键合,具有空气稳定性,而且憎水亲油;将油酸钠/Fe纳米复合粒子与三氯乙烯(TCE)模拟水样反应,发现油酸钠/Fe纳米复合粒子能够与水相中的三氯乙烯(TCE)有良好的接触性,其脱氯效果优于未修饰的纳米铁粒子.     

修饰纳米CdS/聚合物的界面相互作用与光学性能

采用微乳液法结合原位表面修饰合成了纳米尺度的硫化镉粒子,采用溶液共混和静态铺膜方法制备了纳米粒子/聚合物复合体系,以研究纳米粒子与聚合物间的界面作用.结果表明,经修饰的纳米CdS粒子比较均匀地分散于聚合物基体内,纳米粒子与聚合物基体间存在较强的相互作用.根据复合体系的紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱,分析了表面修饰(表面修饰剂种类、表面修饰剂用量等)对纳米粒子的分散以及复合体系界面特性的影响,证实了表面修饰剂具有促进纳米粒子分散和消除粒子表面缺陷的作用.     

牛血清白蛋白稳定水溶性纳米锗的制备、表征及其形成机理

在水溶液中利用牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作稳定剂制备水溶性良好的纳米锗颗粒,提供了一种合成蛋白质修饰的纳米锗材料的新思路。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM),粒度分析及能谱分析(EDS),对制备的纳米锗的形貌和组成进行表征,探讨各实验条件变化对纳米锗形貌的影响,进一步分析纳米锗的形成机理。结果表明球形纳米锗颗粒平均粒径约为60nm,分散性良好,调控诱导出了方形和棒状的纳米锗材料。本研究方法简单、可控且重复性好,BSA做稳定剂大大提高了纳米锗在水溶液中的稳定性,同时改善了纳米锗材料的生物相容性,为拓展纳米锗材料在生物领域的应用研究提供基础。     

Ag_2S纳米粒子的合成与表征

以油酸钠为表面活性剂、硝酸银和硫脲为反应物,在甲苯-水两相界面处合成了Ag_2S纳米粒子。采用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和广角X射线衍射(WAXD)等方法对Ag_2S纳米粒子的光学性质、形貌及晶体结构进行了表征。结果表明,通过改变甲苯-水两相界面反应体系的条件,可以得到粒子尺寸窄分布的Ag_2S纳米粒子;WAXD测定表明所合成的Ag_2S纳米粒子具有单斜结构。     

Se-SiO2三维光子晶体的制备

报道了一种新的调节二氧化硅光子晶体带隙的方法;通过化学镀向SiO2胶体晶体中填充半导体材料Se,获得了Se-SiO2两种介质复合的三维光子晶体;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射和紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-VIS)等对Se-SiO2三维光子晶体的形貌、结构和光学性能进行了观察测试.研究结果表明,Se以纳米晶粒的形式均匀地包覆在SiO2微球表面,形成了Se壳层,与相同晶格周期的SiO2光子晶体相比,Se-SiO2光子晶体的带隙发生了明显的红移.     

One-dimensional Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO nanorod array films for photocathodic protection for 304 stainless steel

Highly ordered Ag_2 S/ZnS/ZnO nanorod array film photoanodes were prepared on a Ti substrate for photocathodic cathodic protection.The results indicated that the photoresponse range of the Ag_2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film was extended compared to those of the ZnO and ZnS/ZnO films,indicating its higher light absorption capacity.When the Ag_2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film served as a photoanode,the film can provide the best effective photocathodic protection for 304 stainless steel in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution under white light illumination compared to the ZnO and ZnS/ZnO films.Additionally,in comparison to pure ZnO film,the photocurrent for the ZnS/ZnO film remained the same without noticeable fluctuation after illumination for 1 h,indicating that the ZnS functionalization improved the stability by overcoming the photocorrosion effect of the ZnO photoanode under light irradiation.     

Preparation of conductive polypyrrole-palladium composite nanospheres by inverse microemulsion polymerization

Conductive polypyrrole-palladium (PPy-Pd) composite nanospheres of about 50 nm in diameter, containing dispersed Pd metal nanoparticles of about 2-4 nm in size, were prepared in a 1-step oxidative polymerization of pyrrole by Pd(NO3)2. Pyrrole was oxidized by Pd(NO3)2 in an inverse microemulsion polymerization system, yielding PPy nanospheres and elemental Pd nanoparticles simultaneously. Palladium nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the nanospheres of PPy chains. The latter also exhibited an enhanced effective conjugation. The chemical composition of the PPy-Pd composite nanospheres was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. The crystalline structure of the Pd nanoparticles was deduced from X-ray diffraction patterns. The morphology of the composites was revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.     

氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖层层自组装复合膜的制备及其在环保领域中的应用

利用层层自组装技术将氧化石墨烯与壳聚糖进行自组装,制备出一种新型的氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖复合膜,并利用原位合成的方法引入纳米银粒子。采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和原子吸收等分析方法对复合膜的自组装行为和催化性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,氧化石墨烯与壳聚糖可通过层层自组装技术制备出新型复合膜,这种复合膜可包裹纳米银粒子,膜内纳米银粒子对4-硝基苯酚的催化活性较高,并且可实现循环使用。此外,在稳定性实验中,复合膜不会释放纳米银粒子或银离子,避免了给水体带来二次污染。因此,这种材料在水处理等环保领域中可能具有巨大的潜在实用价值。     

钯银合金/陶瓷复合膜体系的氢脱附时间的研究

采用化学镀方法分别制备了Pd、Pd_(95)Ag_5和Pd_(85)Ag_(15)/陶瓷复合膜.研究了不同温度下Pd基复合膜在不锈钢和石英管式分离器两种体系中的氢脱附过程.结果表明,不锈钢分离器体系中的氢脱附缓慢,脱附时间随温度升高而降低.以合金膜Pd_(85)Ag_(15)为例,在673 K两侧F_(N_2)=150 mL/min时,渗透侧的脱附时间为7 h,而进气侧则大于27 h.实验证明不锈钢分离器自身的H_2脱附是该体系脱附的控制步骤.石英分离器体系的氢脱附时间明显缩短,同样的条件下Pd膜的两侧脱附时间分别为75和190 min.实验还证明,传质速率是石英分离器体系氢脱附的控制步骤,而多孔载体能够平抑脱附速率、延长脱附时间.     

Swelling properties and bioactivity of silica gel/pHEMA nanocomposites

A novel hydrogel based on 2-hydroxyethyl- methacrilate and SiO₂ nanoparticles was prepared. The filler was added at a concentration of 30% w/w of silica nanoparticles to the mass of polymer. The composite material was characterised as far as concerns swelling behaviour in comparison to pHEMA. Swelling ratio of modified pHEMA was higher. Bioactivity of both SiO₂ nanoparticles and the modified hydrogel was evaluated by soaking samples into a simulated body fluid (SBF). FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive system (EDS) results suggest silica nanoparticles keep bioactive in the polymer. SiO₂ filler in a p(HEMA) matrix makes the composite bioactive. Therefore, these composites can be used to make bioactive scaffold for bone engineering.     

Synthesis and properties of poly(methyl methacrylate-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)/PbS hybrid composite

The synthesis of a new hybrid composite based on PbS nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) [P(MMA-AMPSA)] copolymer is reported. The chemical synthesis consists in two steps: (i) a surfactant-free emulsion copolymerization between methyl methacrylate and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and (ii) the generation of PbS particles in the presence of the P(MMA-AMPSA) latex, from the reaction between lead nitrate and thiourea. The composite was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The microstructure observed using SEM proves that the PbS nanoparticles are well dispersed in the copolymer matrix. The X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrate that the PbS nanoparticles have a cubic rock salt structure. It was also found that the inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles improve the thermal stability of the copolymer matrix.     

Interfacial synthesis of platinum loaded polyaniline nanowires in poly(styrene sulfonic acid)

Polyaniline-poly(styrene sulfonic acid)-platinum (PANI-PSS-Pt) composite is prepared through an interfacial polymerization route. The composite is obtained by incorporating Pt nanoparticles into conductive PANI matrix by the reduction of Pt⁴⁺ ions to Pt nanoparticles during the oxidative polymerization of aniline in PSS as medium. The interfacial synthesis offers the microenvironment for the growth of PANI nanostructures with simultaneous incorporation of Pt nanoparticles to result PANI-PSS-Pt nanocomposite. PANI-PSS-Pt nanocomposite is characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning microelectronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).     

Synthesis and characterization of metallic nanoparticles and their incorporation into electroconductive polymer composites

Gold and copper–gold nanoparticles were synthesized using anionic microemulsions as reducing reactors. The microemulsions were prepared using sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT) and copper(II) bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (Cu(AOT)₂) as surfactants, which were dissolved in isooctane containing an appropriate quantity of water. The growth of nanoparticles was monitored by UV/vis spectroscopy and the nanoparticles formed were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The metallic nanoparticles were incorporated into films of an electroconductive polymer (ECP) composite: polyaniline-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PANI/PBMA) by the casting technique. The nanoparticle-ECP composite films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrical conductivity measurements and NH₄OH and H₂O₂-sensing capability experiments. The inclusion of nanoparticles results in a cooperative phenomena between the polyaniline and the nanoparticles and as a consequence, the gold nanoparticles increased the electrical conductivity of the ECP film by two orders of magnitude.