搪瓷钢焊缝处瓷釉层凹坑缺陷形成原因分析

针对冷轧搪瓷钢板在生产热水器内胆成形过程中在焊缝附近出现的圆形缺陷,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪等对该缺陷的微特征、形成原因进行了系统分析研究。详细阐述了该种缺陷在金相显微镜及扫描电镜下的微观形貌及元素分布特征,对搪瓷板界面和基板的金相显微形貌进行了详细分析。结果表明,该种缺陷的形成是由于焊缝附近表面凹凸不平,气体在液相表面张力的作用下在表面下凹处集中,在焊缝处极易出现尺寸较大的气泡。通过采取适当措施消除焊缝处及其附近表面的凹凸不平,增加其连贯性,减少了气泡坑缺陷的形成。     

DX53D+Z镀锌板橘皮缺陷原因分析

针对某厂在以DX53D+Z镀锌板作为结构件进行冲压成形过程中发生的表面橘皮缺陷,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪等设备对材料的宏观形貌、金相组织、显微形貌、力学性能等进行综合分析,从而探索出其橘皮缺陷的产生原因。结果表明：造成该批冷轧退火镀锌板产生橘皮缺陷的原因为铁素体晶粒出现混晶,晶粒明显大小不一,拉延时,混晶中大小晶粒变形彼此不协调,变形不够均匀,容易从粗大铁素体晶粒变形晶界处起裂,形成鱼鳞状分布、凹凸不平的粗糙表面缺陷即橘皮缺陷。     

4130圆筒锻件缺陷原因分析

4130圆筒锻件大端面边缘区域存在大量缺陷,经超声波检测发现缺陷属于外圆面浅表层缺陷,极易在精加工过程中暴露在成品表面,危害性极大。为了分析缺陷原因,利用低倍检验、金相显微镜、扫描电镜对4130圆筒锻件的缺陷进行相关检测,缺陷形貌及分布特点、解剖的裂纹特征属于典型的钢锭冶金皮下夹杂物、气泡。     

铝合金铬酸阳极氧化后表面缺陷分析

目的对铝合金铬酸阳极氧化后显现出的表面缺陷及原因进行分析。方法通过扫描电镜观察试样表面缺陷处的形貌,通过金相显微镜观察缺陷处的金相组织,通过能谱仪对缺陷处的腐蚀产物进行分析。结果铝合金通过铬酸阳极氧化后,基体的缺陷处会在铬酸溶液中产生沿晶界腐蚀。结论材料本身含有一定量的Cu,Ni,Mg,Fe等元素,在热处理过程中,这些元素在晶界处富集形成偏析相,从而造成金属基体在铬酸溶液中的腐蚀。     

铸坯侧面和角部振痕导致带钢表面缺陷的探讨

针对X52热轧带钢出现的表面条状翘皮、发裂缺陷,利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析等方法,结合生产实践对缺陷的宏、微观形貌特征、缺陷部位、钢的冶金质量的变化等方面进行研究分析,进而区分缺陷形成的原因,并提出解决对策。     

高强度船板表面花斑缺陷的形成机制及改进措施

基于金相分析和气泡试验,分析了高强度船板表面花斑缺陷的形貌特征和微观组织,研究了化学成分、轧制工艺对花斑缺陷的影响。结果表明：花斑缺陷的形成原因主要是二次氧化铁皮在轧制过程中被压入钢板基体,导致钢板表面形成厚度差异较大的氧化铁皮,钢板抛丸后形成凹凸不平的斑状缺陷。通过降低钢中硅含量、优化高压水除鳞方式、低成本改进高压水除鳞系统,有效控制了高强度船板表面花斑缺陷。     

38CrMoAl钢螺杆氮化表面剥落原因分析

在生产螺杆过程中,螺杆表面出现剥落麻点现象,通过宏观、扫描电镜、金相显微镜和光谱等方法对螺杆氮化表面剥落原因进行分析,结果表明：螺杆表面出现剥落麻点的原因是由于氮化处理前磨削至局部螺纹棱角处时温度偏高,使棱角处及其附近的表面及浅表层产生轻微的沿晶裂纹,在后续磨削过程中,棱角处易剥落形成麻点。     

热处理后弹簧钢丝断裂原因分析

利用扫描电镜和金相显微镜对一种弹簧钢丝断口进行了检测,包括钢丝断口和钢丝表面的麻点、横向缺陷和纵向条状缺陷。结果表明:表面麻点为氧化铁皮残留压入所致,横向及纵向缺陷均在热态下产生,三类缺陷均不会导致钢丝发生断裂。钢丝表面凹凸不平呈解理状,断裂区域未观察到明显冶金缺陷,其断裂是淬火内应力加组织应力过大所造成的。     

低碳含硼钢盘条表面缺陷产生原因的分析

某厂生产的低碳含硼钢盘条,因表面缺陷导致的返废率一直较高,因此对盘条的表面缺陷进行分析。以缺陷形貌进行划分,导致返废的表面缺陷主要分为结疤、凹坑和锯齿形折叠3大类。对缺陷盘条进行解剖,使用金相化学浸蚀法对样品进行腐蚀,然后在金相显微镜下观察样品的金相组织,均表现出3大特征:缺陷内部有氧化层、缺陷处的铁素体组织异常长大、缺陷均位于金属流变的交界处。由此推断,盘条表面缺陷的形成是由轧制前原始坯料已经存在的表面裂纹引起的。使用数值模拟和实物模拟轧制的方法进行了验证,结果表明,上述推断成立,盘条表面缺陷的形成确实是由小方坯表面裂纹所导致的。     

34CrNi3MoV阀箱锻件缺陷解剖分析

在34Cr Ni3Mo V阀箱锻件的近表面发现分散的小缺陷,经过超声波探伤检验和磁粉宏观检验后,在缺陷位置金相进行取样,利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对缺陷位置试样进行显微观察。确定缺陷主要是由于熔炼过程中的气泡吸附夹杂后残存在钢中而形成的条状缺陷在锻造过程中被压碎成分散的小缺陷。     

搪瓷烧制工艺对210 MPa搪瓷钢组织性能的影响

研究了模拟搪瓷烧制工艺对210 MPa搪瓷钢微观组织特征和力学性能的影响规律。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪等对显微组织、第二相粒子及力学性能进行了分析研究。详细阐述了不同的烧搪工艺对试验钢微观组织演变及第二相粒子类型的影响规律,并对烧搪后的力学性能变化进行了分析。结果表明,试验钢最佳的搪烧温度应低于890 ℃才会保证搪烧后组织不会发生明显的粗化;随着搪烧温度升高,保温时间延长,搪瓷钢强度逐渐下降,塑性提高。     

铝合金表面搪瓷化处理

铝搪瓷具有固化温度较低,化学稳定性优良,适用范围广泛等优点.但铝搪瓷工艺复杂,对材料成分要求严格.     

Monitoring of vitreous enamel degradation by electrochemical noise

Vitreous coatings are widely used for protecting steel at temperatures up to 600 °C in applications where high oxidation- and wear-resistance are required. However, the action of alkaline chemical agents such as household cleaning products can cause the devitrification and spalling of these coatings, with the consequent loss of their protective properties. In such cases, corrosion of the substrate is accelerated due to the heat treatment applied during the manufacturing process of the coating — tempering or curing. The present work characterizes the initial stages of this deterioration using the electrochemical noise technique (EN). When coatings are undamaged the current noise is very low, with current intensity values of the order of picoamperes. However, when defects appear as a result of chemical attack, the systems electrical activity changes considerably and there is an increase in both current and potential noise. This work also establishes the loss of the coatings protective nature as a function of spectral noise resistance, R_sn, finding good concordance with values obtained by other more conventional techniques such as electrochemical impedance.     

Effect of enamel top coating on oxidation behavior of multi-arc ion plating NiCrAlY coating in oxygen containing water vapor

The oxidation behavior of Ni-Cr-Al-Y coating produced by multi-arc ion plating with and without an enamel coating was investigated in flow oxygen and oxygen containing water vapor at 900 ℃. The results show that Ni-Cr-Al-Y coating exhibits low oxidation rate at 900 ℃ in pure oxygen and the oxidation kinetics follow the parabolic rate law. The presence of water vapor accelerates the oxidation rate of Ni-Cr-Al-Y coating and K38G alloy.The enamel top coating is very effective in protecting the Ni-Cr-Al-Y coating from water vapor corrosion attack, but the corrosion attack beneath the enamel coating is not observed.     

退火温度对DC03EK搪瓷钢组织性能的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了罩式退火温度对DC03EK搪瓷用钢组织性能的影响规律,同时对其抗鳞爆性能和搪瓷密着性能进行了检验。结果表明,730℃×5 h退火的实验钢屈服强度为148 MPa,抗拉强度为300 MPa,断后伸长率为38%,r值为1.5,成形性能良好。1 mm厚冷轧退火板氢渗透时间为13 min,氢扩散系数为8.4×10-7cm2/s,抗鳞爆性能良好,并通过了密着性检验。     

Effect of enamel coating on oxidation and hot corrosion behaviors of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V alloy

The effect of enamel coating on the isothermal and cyclic oxidation at 900 °C in air and on the hot corrosion resistance of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V in both 85% Na₂SO₄+15%K₂SO₄ and 15%NaCl+85% Na₂SO₄ molten mixed salts at 850 °C was investigated. The results indicated that Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V alloy exhibited poor oxidation resistance due to the formation of nonprotective Al₂O₃+TiO₂+AlNbO₄ scales and poor hot corrosion resistance due to the spallation of scales formed in molten Na₂SO₄+K₂SO₄ and NaCl+Na₂SO₄. Enamel coating suppressed the migration of oxygen and corrosive ions into the substrate to improve the oxidation and hot corrosion resistance of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V alloy. However, the dissolution of oxides components of the coating into the molten salts degraded enamel coating and the degradation of the coating involved a process by which Cl⁻ anion penetrated into the substrate through voids in the coating to accelerate corrosion of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V alloy.     

Effect of enamel coating on long-term oxidation and hot corrosion behavior of Ti-24Al-17Nb-0.5Mo alloys

The effect of enamel coating on long-term isothermal oxidation at 700 ℃ and cyclic oxidation at 800 ℃ in air and hot corrosion resistance of Ti-24Al-17Nb-0. 5Mo in 75% (Na2SO4 K2SO4 ) 25% NaCl (mass fraction) molten mixed salts at 700 ℃ was investigated. The results indicate that Ti-24Al-17Nb-0.5Mo alloy exhibits relatively poor long-term oxidation resistance due to the formation of Al2O3 TiO2 Nb2O5 mixed scales and poor hot corrosion resistance due to the spallation of scales formed in molten (Ns, K)2 SO4 NaCl. Enamel coating can effectively protect Ti-24Al-17Nb-0.5Mo alloy from long-term oxidation at high temperature in air and remarkably improve the hot corrosion resistance of Ti-24Al-17Nb-0. 5Mo alloy, and can act as the barrier to suppress the migration of oxygen and corrosive ions into the substrate.     

Cr25Ni20Si2合金表面复合搪瓷涂层的抗热腐蚀研究

在Cr25Ni20Si2合金上制备了施加Ni中间层的复合搪瓷涂层,研究了Cr25Ni20Si2合金、搪瓷涂层及含镍中间层的复合搪瓷涂层在800℃熔融盐(75%Na2SO4+25%NaCl)下的腐蚀行为和腐蚀机理。试验表明合金在孕育期结束后发生灾难性腐蚀,腐蚀机理主要遵从硫化-碱融模式;未镀镍搪瓷涂层主要以直接脱落丧失保护能力,复合搪瓷涂层则以物理减薄方式缓慢失效。搪瓷涂层使合金的抗热腐蚀能力提高了30%,复合搪瓷涂层可使合金抗热腐蚀能力提高100%以上。这种复合搪瓷涂层是有效的抗热腐蚀涂层。