抗菌水性聚氨酯的合成及其性能研究

论述了以六氢-1，3，5-三羟乙基均三嗪（TN0）（俗名三丹油）为原料的聚氨酯（TNO-PU）的制备方法，并通过TNO-PU的抗菌试验，表明TNO-PU具有明显抗菌效果。TNO既是聚氨酯的抗菌剂又是聚氨酯交联剂，因此TNO-PU的抑菌作用具有长效稳定的特点，可望在玩具、家具、汽车和医疗卫生等行业得到应用。TNO作为交联剂对PU的力学性能和热学性能均有所提高。     

磺酸盐亲水扩链剂合成水性聚氨酯

本文以聚四氢呋喃二醇( PTMG)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为基本原料,以乙二胺基磺酸钠(X506)作为亲水扩链剂,用丙酮法制备了磺酸型水性聚氨酯乳液.通过红外光谱(FTIR)表征可知:磺羧基已嵌入聚氨酯中.     

环氧树脂改性水性聚氨酯合成与表征

随着石油资源的日益短缺和环保法律法规的不断完善,环境友好材料的研制成为聚氨酯材料发展的主要趋势。植物油具有来源广泛、价格低廉、品种繁多、可选择性强等优点。因此,植物油改性水性聚氨酯逐渐成为水性聚氨酯发展的重要分支。本文分别就国内外蓖麻油、亚麻籽油、大豆油、菜籽油改性水性聚氨酯的研究现状与进展进行了分类探讨,并对植物油改性的发展趋势进行了展望。     

桐油基水性聚氨酯的合成与表征

通过桐油、乙二醇之间的酯交换反应,得到了单羟基桐油酸酯。以聚酯多元醇Pol-256、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、单羟基桐油酸酯为主要原料,制备了一系列的桐油基水性聚氨酯。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TGA)等对产品的结构与性能进行了表征。结果表明:合成的物质为目标产物;经单羟基桐油酸酯封端的水性聚氨酯,提高了单羟基桐油酸酯的含量,固化膜的耐热性能增强,耐水性得到明显的提高,硬度增强,拉伸强度增大,而断裂伸长率却有所降低。     

双组分水性聚氨酯涂料的合成与表征

随着环境法规对涂料的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）含量的限制，高性能与低VOC含量相结合的双组分水性聚氨酯涂料成为涂料工业发展的趋势。采用三羟甲基丙烷（TMP）为扩链剂合成具有交联结构的水性聚氨酯分散体多元醇，与多异氰酸酯固化剂组成双组分水性聚氨酯涂料。研究发现双组分涂膜的机械性能和外观是由合成的水性聚氨酯多元醇的扩链剂（TMP）含量，中和度，中和工艺和双组分涂料的配比等决定的。当扩链剂含量为2％－4％，中和度为100％，NCO:OH=1．0－1．2时所得双组分水性聚氨酯涂膜外观好，快干，硬度高和施工方便。     

葡萄糖改性水性聚氨酯的合成与表征

采用预聚体合成法,以二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）、葡萄糖（PG）为亲水扩连剂和交联剂制备一种水性聚氨酯乳液。利用FTIR对胶膜结构进行表征,证实葡萄糖已引入聚氨酯主链。TG分析得出PG改性后的聚氨酯胶膜热稳定性增强。研究了PG用量对该聚氨酯胶膜力学性能的影响,结果表明：随着PG用量的增加,胶膜力学强度得到改善。当PG的用量由0增加至4.68%时,断裂伸长率从529.9%降至276.4%,拉伸强度从10.9 MPa增加至24.2 MPa。     

新型阳离子水性聚氨酯的合成与表征

以聚氧化丙烯二元醇(PE220)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为原料,以自制的阳离子亲水单体Y-E51作为扩链剂,制备了阳离子型水性聚氨酯乳液(WPU),讨论了Y -ES1的摩尔分数对WPU乳液粒径分布及胶膜力学性能的影响,并通过红外光谱对产物的结构进行表征.结果表明:随着Y -E51摩尔分数的增加,乳液粒径分布变窄,胶膜的吸收率、甲苯溶胀率变大,拉伸强度增大,断裂伸长率下降;当Y -E51的摩尔分数为18％,胶膜的力学性能最佳.     

气干型水性聚氨酯的合成与表征

将自制的水性聚酯多元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯在无有机溶剂参与的情况下进行预缩聚,然后将亚油酸与多羟基化合物三羟甲基丙烷进行酯化反应,获得油脂多元醇混合物。将该油脂多元醇混合物作为干性油脂结构的扩链剂引入到聚氨酯预聚体结构中交联分散于水中,合成了气干型的水性聚氨酯分散液,通过红外光谱(FT-IR)对产物结构进行了表征。采用电子万用试验机和热重分析仪对产物的性能进行测试,结果表明:所制备的气干型聚氨酯胶膜具有良好的力学性能、热稳定性以及耐水性。     

水性聚氨酯压敏胶的合成及其性能表征

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚醚多元醇(N220、N210)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为主要原料制得了环保交联型水性聚氨酯(WPU)压敏胶,讨论了n(-NCO)/n(-OH)比值、交联剂用量以及聚醚相对分子质量大小对该压敏胶性能的影响。研究结果表明,由N220合成的WPU压敏胶的初粘力优于由N210合成的WPU压敏胶;随着n(-NCO)/n(聚醚中-OH)比值的减小,压敏胶的初粘力提高,持粘力呈先降后增再降的趋势;适度的交联可以提高压敏胶的粘接强度;当n(-NCO)∶n(聚醚中-OH)为2.5∶1、n(TMP中-OH)∶n(聚醚中-OH)为1∶3.0时,压敏胶的综合性能优异,初粘力达到13号钢球,持粘力达到23.1h,180°剥离强度达到20.14N/(20mm)。     

水性双组分丙烯酸-聚氨酯的合成与表征

使用相转化法,即将水溶性丙烯酸树脂和HDI缩二脲混合,然后加水稀释转相,制备了水性双组分丙烯酸聚氨酯。研究了丙烯酸树脂配方对双组分聚氨酯性能的影响,并用红外光谱(FTIR)对涂膜固化进行了表征。结果表明,以丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯为溶剂,在羟值为120 mgKOH·g-1、酸值为30 mgKOH·g-1的水溶性丙烯酸树脂中,添加10 %的甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯,获得的双组分聚氨酯乳液粒径小。室温干燥12 h,固化反应完成,涂膜交联密度高。     

Side-chain type benzoxazine-functional cellulose via click chemistry

A side-chain type benzoxazine-functional cellulose has been developed using click chemistry via the reaction of ethynyl-monofunctional benzoxazine monomer and azide-functional cellulose. The synthesis, crosslinking, and thermal properties of the benzoxazine-functional cellulose are studied by NMR, FTIR, DSC, and TGA. The crosslinking reaction of the benzoxazine side-chain unusually takes place at low-temperatures in comparison to an ordinary benzoxazine resins. Upon crosslinking, the polymer shows high char yield of 40%, which is a marked improvement from a mere 4% of the unfunctionalized cellulose. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

水性聚氨酯/蒙脱土复合乳液的合成及性能表征

本文通过蒙脱土插层聚合法制备了水性聚氨酯/蒙脱土复合乳液。通过单体插层于蒙脱土中,与聚氨酯聚合反应,均匀分散于水性聚氨酯中。用FTIR和TEM测试表征,观察到蒙脱土均已聚合入聚氨酯包裹。研究结果表明:当蒙脱土含量在5%左右时,该乳液涂膜具有较好的耐热性、10%分解温度比普通聚氨酯提高了大约20℃,拉伸强度和断裂强度达到最高值,分别为2.31Mpa和17.94N/mm。随着蒙脱土含量的增大,乳液粒子粒径增大,耐水性增强。蒙脱土含量达到5%时,乳液粒径为108nm,吸水率降至31.9%。     

一种含磷自修复水性聚氨酯的合成及性能

采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）和聚丙二醇（PPG）为原料,通过前扩链的方式将二羟乙基二硫化物（HEDS）引入到水性聚氨酯（WPU）分子链中,并用含磷阻燃剂OP550进行阻燃改性,成功制备了兼具阻燃和自修复两种特殊功能的水性聚氨酯（OHWPU）,研究了阻燃剂OP550对本征型自修复水性聚氨酯的性能影响。结果表明,OP550含量为20%时制备的OHWPU（OHWPU-20%）极限氧指数达到29.0%,相比HWPU提高了7.4%;在80 ℃,修复时间为3 h的条件下,OHWPU-20%的拉伸强度为4.71 MPa,损伤后的自修复效率达到107.9%。     

复合改性水性聚氨酯乳液的合成及表征

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TD I)、聚醚二元醇(N220)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为原料,采用丙酮法合成了水性聚氨酯(WPU)分散体。在此基础上,采用三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)对其进行了交联改性并通过环氧树脂和丙烯酸酯对其进行共聚改性,制得了以丙烯酸酯为核,聚氨酯为壳的核壳交联型水性聚氨酯分散体。通过乳液粒度、黏度和涂膜的耐水性和硬度、接触角等分析以及透射电镜观测研究了二羟甲基丙酸(DM-PA)、TMP、环氧树脂以及MMA用量对水性聚氨酯涂膜耐水性等性能的影响,确定了最佳物料配比。结果表明,当DMPA、E-20、TMP和MMA在聚氨酯水性分散体中的质量分数分别为7.5%、6%、1%和20%时,合成的水性聚氨酯乳液平均粒径80 nm,黏度适中,胶膜的物理力学性能较好,耐水性提高。     

(长链)脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚(PAE)型阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液的制备和性能

以脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚(PAE)替换部分聚己二酸新戊二醇酯(POL7112)为软段,甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)为硬段,合成了系列侧链含长链烷基与主链嵌入聚醚结构(EO)的阳离子聚氨酯乳液。通过红外(FTIR)、粒径、力学性能、热重分析(TGA)、吸水率及接触角等测试对乳液及胶膜进行分析。研究发现,在PU大分子中引入PAE,热稳定性明显提高;当PAE烷基碳链增长,断裂伸长率显著增大,拉伸强度有所减小;随着PAE用量的增加及其分子中EO加合度的增大,乳液粒径变小,稳定性增强,胶膜的亲水性显著提高。     

Synthesis and characterization of novel polyimides containing triazoles units in the main chain by click chemistry

In this study, some polyimides containing triazoles units in the main chain was prepared from the polymerization of dialkynes including imide linkages and diazides in the presence of Cu (I) catalyst in yield of 76.2–87.6%, with inherent viscosity of 0.37–0.53 dL g^?1. The obtained polymers are soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as N,N‐dimethyformamide (DMF), N,N‐dimethyacetamide (DMAc), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP). These polymers were characterized using FT‐IR, ¹H‐NMR, and elemental analysis techniques. Their thermal stability was evaluated with thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques under a nitrogen atmosphere which is indicative of their good thermal stability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Preparation and characterization of modified castor oil via photo-click chemistry for UV-curable waterborne polyurethane with enhanced water resistance and low conductive percolation threshold

A castor oil (CO) was modified via thiol-ene click chemistry reaction between CO and 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane, with the conversion of CC bonds of CO over 99% based on ¹HNMR spectra. The obtained modified castor oil (MCO) was used as a biobased polyol to prepare waterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersions. The modification of CO exhibited a great effect on the properties of WPU dispersions and coatings, and an obvious change is the improvement of the water resistance of WPU coatings. WPU dispersions with MCO had good storage stability. A WPU coating with 7% MCO had high surface hydrophobicity, and its water absorption was as low as 3.2%. Conductive carbon black filled WPU coatings with MCO were cured by efficient UV radiation, and their conductive percolation threshold could decrease to 0.76%, which could be attributed to the well filler dispersion and strong filler-polymer interaction. The WPU dispersions are ecofriendly, and can be used to produce biobased WPU coatings with a great application potential in antistatic coating fields.     

Synthesis and characterization of waterborne polyurethane adhesive from MDI and HDI

A series of waterborne polyurethane adhesives (WPUAs) were prepared from diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocyanate (MDI), 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), poly(1,4‐butanediol adipate) diol (PBA), 1,4‐butanediol (BDO), and internal‐emulsifying agents by the prepolymer mixing method. The viscosity, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and adhesion strength of the samples were measured. The structure–property relationship was discussed primarily. The results indicated that the MDI/HDI and PBA/BDO molar ratio influenced these properties. The WPUA exhibited excellent T‐peel strength and mechanical properties at a suitable MDI/HDI (or PBA/BDO) molar ratio. Moreover, higher MDI/HDI (or PBA/BDO) molar ratio resulted in higher thermal stability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008