DVI管小破口失水事故实验研究

在模块化小型反应堆非能动安全系统综合模拟实验装置上进行了压力容器直接注入（DVI）管小破口失水事故实验,研究了DVI管小破口失水事故过程中的热工水力现象和非能动安全系统运行特性。研究结果表明：模块化小型反应堆DVI管小破口失水事故中,非能动安全系统可对堆芯进行注水,有效导出堆芯衰变热量,保护堆芯安全。     

波动管小破口失水事故实验研究

在模块化小型反应堆非能动安全系统综合模拟实验装置上进行波动管小破口尺寸失水事故实验,研究波动管小破口失水事故过程中的热工水力现象和非能动安全系统运行特性。模块化小型反应堆发生失水事故后,压力平衡管和安注管线内流体的密度差可以驱动堆芯补水箱(CMT)内的冷流体注入反应堆压力容器,压力平衡管裸露后CMT安注流量出现波动;安注箱(ACC)的安注对事故初期的堆芯冷却效果显著;经自动卸压系统卸压后,内置换料水箱(IRWST)可以对堆芯进行持续稳定的安注和冷却。研究结果表明:波动管小破口失水事故中,非能动安注系统可以对堆芯进行有效注水,并带走堆芯衰变热量。     

冷热段同是安注时的大破口失水事故分析

大破口失水事故时，安注系统从冷段注入的大量冷却剂从压力索和吊篮之间的环形通道经破口流入安全壳，只有少量的冷却剂注入堆芯。如果把安注５系统同时安装在冷段和热段同时进行安注，热段上的安注系统注入的冷却剂带走了上腔室的上腔室和堆芯内的热量，使上腔室的压力低于下腔朋冷段注入的冷却剂较容易流入堆芯。     

大破口失水事故的DRM分析方法介绍

从大破口失水事故分析方法的发展过程，阐述了法国大破口失水事故分析方法DRM。该分析方法是核电厂安全评价的有效工具，可以为核电厂的燃料管理优化及提高经济效益发挥重要的作用。该方法已在大亚湾核电站18个月换料项目的提高堆芯功率因子的分析论证中应用。     

ACP100+失水事故应对策略研究

对先进模块化小型堆(ACP100+)失水事故后的应急堆芯冷却、安全壳压力控制、余热长期导出提出了相应的应对手段和策略。初步计算分析表明:通过限制ACP100+反应堆冷却剂破口尺寸可取消安注箱,使安注系统得到简化;对于小型钢安全壳带来的事故后压力控制问题,可采用抑压水池和顶部非能动水池设计,使事故后安全壳压力可长期控制在设计限值以下;由于小型堆余热量较小,可利用钢安全壳体作为导热媒介,通过浸没安全壳顶盖,以自然对流的方式长期导出余热,其长期冷却的固有安全性得到进一步提高。     

小型堆破口失水事故初步研究

为验证中国广核集团小型堆方案设计,尤其是其中非能动安全注入系统的初步设计,基于RELAP/SCDAPSIM程序,建立了小型堆的一、二回路系统和非能动安全注入系统模型,模拟计算了冷管段0.04 m等效直径破口、冷管段0.2 m等效直径破口、直接注入管道双端断裂、自动卸压系统误启动等LOCA工况。计算结果表明,一回路可实现有效的冷却和降压,堆芯不会过热,验证了其非能动安全注入系统的设计合理性和反应堆系统的安全性。     

基于CATHARE程序的自然循环静态流量漂移模拟

针对中低压自然循环系统静态流量漂移现象的特点,利用大型系统热工程序CATHARE对不同压力和阻力分布下的自然循环系统进行模拟分析,探索静态流量漂移的影响因素。分析结果表明,同等过冷度条件下,低压更易诱发静态流量漂移;加热段出口阻力分布对阻力影响较大。同时,结合计算数据分析系统静态分岔及迟缓现象。     

大破口失水事故低压安注排热和防止硼结晶分析

针对核电站额定运行工况下发生冷段大破口失水事故进行了分析。分析结果表明，低压安注系统在冷段注入再循环和在冷、热段同时注入再循环时能保证堆芯冷却，并防止硼酸结晶。     

大破口失水事故时冷热段同时安注反应堆堆芯会更安全

大破口失水事故时，安注系统由冷段注入的大量冷却剂从压力壳和吊兰之间的环形通道经破口流入安全壳，只有少量的冷却剂流入堆芯。如果把安注系统同时安装在冷段和热段同时进行安注，从热段注入的冷却剂带走了上腔室和堆芯内的较多热量而降低了上腔室内的压力，使冷段注入的冷却剂较容易流入堆芯。同时，从热段注入的部分冷却剂在上腔室内撞击在导向管上后，沿着导向管流入堆芯，堆芯得到的冷却剂比单一冷段安注时得到的冷却剂要多，堆芯会更安全     

直接注入管线失水事故非能动安全系统运行特性研究

小型模块式反应堆ACP100采用了非能动安全和模块化设计技术,可用于地区集中供暖、海水淡化和核动力商船等多个方面。其中,非能动安全设计主要包括非能动应急堆芯冷却系统、非能动余热排出系统等非能动安全系统和自动卸压等专设措施。针对ACP100非能动安全设计技术特点,在中国核动力研究设计院非能动安全系统综合性能缩比试验装置上开展了大量失水事故系统特性试验研究,根据试验数据分析,获得了非能动安全系统在直接注入管线发生破口后系统的综合响应特性,掌握了系统间的相互影响规律,并初步评估其对堆芯的冷却效果。     

CATHARE程序的主要特征及应用

介绍了CATHARE程序的主要特征、应用范围、开发策略，简要描述了程序的基本方程、物理方程、数值解法、不确定性分析方法、并对CATHARE程序在中国核动力研究设计院空泡物理和自然循环实验室(BPNCL)的应用进行了简要描述应用结果表明，我国在利用引进的程序进行研究分析和设计计算时，对大型程序手册上描述的一些计算能力的计算精度需要进行充分的实验验证和评价，不可盲目用于工程设计。     

Assessment of the CATHARE 1D pump model

The development of an advanced model to determine the dynamic pump performance under two-phase flow conditions is presented. This model is included in CATHARE 2, version V1.3. It is based on the two-fluid six-equation CATHARE model which describes the mechanical and thermal non-equilibria.In a previous review (P. Van den Hove and G. Geffraye, The CATHARE code— one-dimension pump model, Fifth Int. Topical Meet. on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-5), Salt Lake City, USA, September, 1992), various calculations were presented concerning Eva single-phase and two-phase steam–water test results in the first three quadrants. Here, the range of assessment of the first quadrant is enlarged with Eva air–water tests and Bethsy pump steam–water tests. Both pumps are mixed flow pumps, the Bethsy one being radial at the impeller outlet.Some improvements suggested in the above cited paper are tested against all single-phase liquid, single-phase vapor, two-phase steam–water, and two-phase air–water data in the first quadrant. They concern a new deviation model and head losses model, and the model of mechanical interaction between phases.     

失水事故分析程序临界流模型改进及验证

失水事故（LOCA）分析中保守分析方法不利于提高核电厂的经济性，为了满足10CFR50附录K的核电厂LOCA评价要求，基于最佳估算程序RELAP5对其模型进行修改以满足对LOCA的评价要求，同时增大设计裕量。由于附录K涉及模型较多，本文主要对LOCA模型修改和验证方法进行研究，改进了RELAP5程序临界流模型，添加保守的Moody两相临界流模型，同时增加过冷临界流Zaloudek模型，并分别采用分离效应实验装置Marviken、Edward喷放管和整体效应装置Bethsy对程序进行了验证，结果表明添加的模型对模拟喷放过程临界流现象具有足够的可靠性。      

A Validation of ATR LOCA Thermal-hydraulic Code with a Statistical Approach

When cladding temperatures are measured for a blowdown experiment, cladding temperatures at the same elevation in the fuel bundle have usually some differences due to eccentricity of the fuel bundle and other reasons such as biased two-phase flow. In the present paper, manufacturing tolerances and uncertainties of thermal-hydraulics are incorporated into a LOCA code that is applied with the statistical method. The present method was validated with the results of different blowdown experiments conducted using the 6 MW blowdown facility simulating the Advanced Thermal Reactor (ATR). In the present statistical method, the code was modified to run fast in order to calculate the blowdown thermal-hydraulics a lot of times with the code using different sets of input data. These input data for sizes and empirical correlations are prepared by the effective Monte-Carlo method based on the distribution functions deduced by the measured manufacturing errors and the uncertainties of thermal hydraulics. The calculated curves express uncertainties due to the different input deck. The uncertainty band and tendency of the cladding temperature were dependent on the beak sizes in the experiment. The measured results were traced by the present method.     

反应堆热工水力中CATHARE与TRIO_U程序耦合分析研究

采用区域覆盖的耦合方法对一维系统程序CATHARE与三维计算流体力学(CFD)程序TRIO_U进行耦合分析研究,对文中建立的简易模型进行稳态计算,通过耦合前程序误差、耦合平台误差测试,确认解析解、系统程序计算结果、TRIO_U程序计算以及单个程序均与耦合平台耦合计算结果吻合.分别对3个不同的源项区域(热源、动量源、热交换区域)进行耦合计算,并与CATHARE计算结果进行比较.研究结果表明,耦合方法可以模拟算例中所建立的整个反应堆的简易模型.     

An integral loop test and MARS code analysis for a DVI line break LOCA in the APR1400

The transient thermal-hydraulic phenomena of a DVI (Direct Vessel Injection) line break LOCA (Loss-of-Coolant Accident) in pressurized water reactor, APR1400, were investigated. In order to understand the phenomena during the LOCA transient, a reduced-height and reduced-pressure integral loop test facility, the SNUF (Seoul National University Facility), was constructed with scaling down the prototype. For the appropriate test conditions in the experiment with the SNUF, the energy scaling method was suggested with scaling the coolant mass inventory and the thermal power for the reduced-pressure condition. According to the conditions determined by the method, the experimental study was performed with the SNUF. The experimental results showed that the phenomenon of the downcomer seal clearing played a dominant role in the reduction of the system pressure and the recovery of the coolant level in the core. That phenomenon occurred when the steam incoming from cold legs penetrates the coolant in the upper downcomer toward the broken DVI line. The experimental results were compared with the prototype analysis to estimate the energy scaling method, so that the experiment reasonably simulated the phenomena in the prototype. For the analytical investigation, the experiment was simulated with MARS code to validate the calculation capability of the code, especially for the downcomer seal clearing, which showed good agreement with the results of experiment.     

上空腔小破口失水事故模拟实验

文中给出了位于上空腔的中小尺寸接管破裂或安全阀意外开启引起的小破口失水事故的模拟实验研究情况。在实验中研究了系统压力,温度、空泡份额的变化和总失水量。总失水量约为初始装水量的20%。     

Validation of the CATHARE2 code against experimental data from Brayton-cycle plants

In recent years the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA) has commissioned a wide range of feasibility studies of future-advanced nuclear reactors, in particular gas-cooled reactors (GCR). The thermohydraulic behaviour of these systems is a key issue for, among other things, the design of the core, the assessment of thermal stresses, and the design of decay heat removal systems. These studies therefore require efficient and reliable simulation tools capable of modelling the whole reactor, including the core, the core vessel, piping, heat exchangers and turbo-machinery. CATHARE2 is a thermal-hydraulic 1D reference safety code developed and extensively validated for the French pressurized water reactors. It has been recently adapted to deal also with gas-cooled reactor applications. In order to validate CATHARE2 for these new applications, CEA has initiated an ambitious long-term experimental program. The foreseen experimental facilities range from small-scale loops for physical correlations, to component technology and system demonstration loops.In the short-term perspective, CATHARE2 is being validated against existing experimental data. And in particular from the German power plants Oberhausen I and II. These facilities have both been operated by the German utility Energie Versorgung Oberhausen (E.V.O.) and their power conversion systems resemble to the high-temperature reactor concepts: Oberhausen I is a 13.75-MWe Brayton-cycle air turbine plant, and Oberhausen II is a 50-MWe Brayton-cycle helium turbine plant. The paper presents these two plants, the adopted CATHARE2 modelling and a comparison between experimental data and code results for both steady state and transient cases.     

RELAP5程序预测第一类密度波不稳定边界的能力验证

为估算低温核供热堆的第一类密度波不稳定（Type-I DWO）边界,以确定其微沸腾运行模式的参数区间,本文建立了低温核供热堆NHR200相似性实验回路HRTL200的RELAP5数值模型。通过对比模拟结果与实验结果,评价了RELAP5/MOD3.2程序模拟Type-I DWO的一般特性以及预测不稳定边界的能力,分析了进、出口阻力系数、相间摩擦对模拟结果的影响。结果表明,RELAP5程序模拟Type-I DWO 的一般特性与实验符合较好;运行压力不高于25 bar（1 bar=105 Pa)时,程序计算的不稳定边界的过冷度边界值与实验值偏差在3 K以内;运行压力大于30 bar时,采用准确的相间摩擦关系式可以改善预测结果。因此,选取与回路相匹配的相间摩擦关系式后,RELAP5程序可以用于模拟和预测Type-I DWO。