用MH-81′状态方程模拟液氮洗涤塔

本文采用MH-81′状态方程和与密度无关的局部组成型混合法则,从二元汽-液平衡数据得到的二元相互作用参数,预测了部分液氮洗过程中的二元体系的混合焓,结果满意。采用三对角矩阵方法,对两种不同工况的液氮洗涤塔进行了模拟,计算结果与设计值和实测值符合较好。     

低温甲醇洗单元洗涤塔材质选择分析

在煤化工项目历程中,合成气净化工艺的选择上,低温甲醇洗工艺大量应用,由于工艺条件温度低,因此对设备材质有着特殊要求。着眼于低温甲醇洗装置中低温压力容器洗涤塔设计中关键问题进行分析,重点介绍了低温压力容器的选材和焊接工艺两个方面,对低温甲醇洗装置中关键设备洗涤塔的设计进行较为详尽的探析。     

低温甲醇洗氨洗涤塔带水事故分析

来自变换装置的原料气被送往低温甲醇洗装置,并在一系列的换热器里冷却。原料气通过氨洗涤塔,用冷却之后的锅炉给水洗涤原料气,以降低其NH3和HCN的含量。洗涤的冷凝液被排至界区外。然后,少量的甲醇被注入原料气,以防止水在低温下结冰。正常操作时锅炉给水上水阀位小于氨洗涤塔冷凝液排水阀位,而此次事故是在经过工艺调整后,前者大于后者的情况下造成了一系列的危害。     

铝厂废气洗涤塔的腐蚀与防腐措施

介绍了废气洗涤塔的工艺，分析了混凝土结构洗涤塔内壁沥青涂层脱落及介质的腐蚀情况，采用环氧、氯磺化聚乙烯涂料防腐获得了良好的效果。对钢结构洗涤塔提出了内壁防腐的改进建议。     

低温甲醇洗系统甲醇水分离塔及尾气洗涤塔操作优化

某煤制氢联产醋酸装置低温甲醇洗系统采用林德工艺包七塔流程,其甲醇水分离塔、尾气洗涤塔的运行状态直接决定着废水、废气能否达标排放。针对甲醇水分离塔未能有效操控致循环甲醇中水含量高、甲醇水分离塔底部废水用作尾气洗涤塔洗涤水时异常工况下尾气可能超标排放等问题,通过运行经验总结与综合分析,实施了甲醇水分离塔整体温度控制优化(增设多变量控制器)、尾气洗涤塔优化操作(尾气管道上增设蒸汽喷射装置等)后,增强了系统运行的稳定性和安全性,实现了节能减排、降本增效。     

洗涤塔爆裂事故原因技术分析

对某公司发生的氨尾气吸收系统一级洗涤塔上部发生爆裂事故进行了技术分析,认为发生事故的直接原因是尾气吸收系统一级吸收塔顶部丝网除沫器,由于吸收液pH值增高产生硫酸铵结晶,致使阻力增大,导致爆裂事故发生。间接原因包括工艺管理不严格、吸收液pH值超标未及时发现并妥善处理、吸收塔丝网除沫器选型不合理以及设备管理不到位等多方面。     

净化气洗涤塔技改总结

简要叙述了碳酸丙烯酯法脱碳中的稀液系统工艺流程和设备,介绍了净化气洗涤塔带液的原因、改造方案及改造后运行效果。     

A Diffusion Scrubber for the Collection of Gaseous Nitric Acid

Abstract

A diffusion denuder with a thin anion exchanger membrane tube as the collecting element and with a scrubber solution flowing in a narrow annular gap outside the membrane is described. The use of this device with a dilute sulfate-sulfamic acid solution as scrubber has been exploited for collecting nitric acid. The method is essentially free from interference due to NO₂, and response characteristics are described for a continuous flow application. Direct UV detection, used to demonstrate response characteristics in the continuous monitoring mode, is not sufficiently sensitive for the measurement of low levels of ambient gaseous HNO₃.     

丙烷辅助制冷节能流程在天然气深冷处理中的应用

对天然气深冷处理装置中丙烷辅助制冷节能流程进行了介绍，就压缩机级数与所需压缩功率进行了对比分析，提出了确定压缩机级数的优化方案。     

煤气湿法脱硫塔堵塞问题的讨论

通过脱硫塔堵塞物形态的分析，指出存在于吸收和再生过程中的几个问题，提出了改进工艺流程和塔结构的意见。     

Removal of Gas Pollutants of a Thermal Oxidizer with a Dynamic Scrubber

The absorption of gas pollutants including CO₂, CO, NO, NO₂, SO₂, and H₂S from the exhaust of a paint recuperative oxidizer into NaOH solution has been studied using an industrial scale dynamic scrubber. Experimental results show the influence of the absorbent concentration on the pollutant removal efficiency. The best removal efficiencies of CO₂, CO, NO, NO₂, SO₂, and H₂S were 79, 80, 80, 100, 75 and 88 %, respectively, with 2 % NaOH as the absorbent. A comparison of these results with previous studies shows that the liquid‐to‐gas flow rate ratio (F_L/F_G) in this dynamic scrubber is much smaller than for traditional NaOH scrubbers and spray dryers.     

CO2 Capture Using Monoethanolamine in a Bubble‐Column Scrubber

A continuous bubble‐column scrubber, capturing CO₂ gas by monoethanolamine (MEA) solution in a pH‐stat operation, is used to search for optimum process parameters by means of the Taguchi method. The process variables are the pH of the solution, gas flow rate, concentration of CO₂ gas, and temperature. From the measured outlet CO₂ gas concentrations, the absorption rate and overall mass transfer coefficient can be determined with the support of a steady‐state material balance equation as well as a two‐film model. According to the signal‐to‐noise ratio, the significance sequence influencing the parameters and optimum conditions can be determined. CO₂ concentration and pH value proved to be decisive parameters, while temperature and gas flow rate were minor. Five sets of optimum conditions were obtained and could be further verified by empirical equations.     

大型文丘里式脱硫除尘器的优化

通过理论分析,对大型文丘里式脱硫除尘器的设计和操作条件进行优化,推导出最佳气速与液气比的计算公式,并已应用于工业生产     

Energy Minimization in Cryogenic Packed Beds during Purification of Natural Gas with High CO2 Content

Minimization of energy consumption was explored for countercurrent switched cryogenic packed beds in which separation of CO₂ and other components of natural gas can be achieved based on differences in freezing or desublimation points. Highly pure CO₂ and methane were obtained after separation. An experimental setup for CO₂ removal from natural gas was constructed and a detailed experimental study was conducted by changing different operating parameters. Compared to other cocurrent or jacket‐cooled constant‐temperature configurations, countercurrent switched beds provided optimal separation and energy efficiencies. The effects of important process parameters like initial temperature profiles of the cryogenic bed, feed composition, and feed flow rate on energy requirement, bed saturation, bed pressure, and cycling times were investigated. The energy requirement for cryogenic packed beds was compared with the conventional cryogenic distillation process.     

螺杆式制冷与活塞式制冷相比优势概述

本文对螺杆式制冷装置进行了详细介绍和理论分析,并结合实际生产运行,阐述了螺杆式制冷装置和氨活塞式制冷装置的运行工况。