MeMo/USY催化剂对神东煤热解产物的调控

以USY分子筛为载体,通过等体积浸渍MoO₃、Fe₂O₃、Co₃O₄、NiO四种过渡金属氧化物,制备了Mo/USY、FeMo/USY、CoMo/USY、NiMo/USY催化剂,并借助ICP、XRD、BET、NH₃-TPD、TG等手段对催化剂进行表征。使用粉-粒流化床进行神东煤的催化热解实验,考察了过渡金属氧化物对USY的改性作用及其对热解产物的影响。结果表明：不同催化剂作用下,半焦收率基本保持在65%左右;与SiO₂相比,USY分子筛使焦油中酚类化合物含量从36.95%减少到5.08%,萘类化合物含量从8.24%增加到72.76%;与USY相比,Mo/USY使气体、液体产物的收率分别降低了4.4个百分点、30.0个百分点,萘类含量减少了18.5个百分点;Fe₂O₃、Co₃O₄、NiO对Mo/USY的改性作用明显,降低了催化剂的积炭率,提高了CH₄、C₂、C₃、CO₂的收率和气体总收率;FeMo/USY促进了产物的芳构化和萘类的生成;CoMo/USY促进了产物的芳构化反应,抑制了萘类的生成反应;NiMo/USY抑制了产物的芳构化反应、萘类的生成反应。     

褐煤与大豆荚共热解的产物特性分析

利用自制的低温热解装置研究褐煤与大豆荚共热解的产物特性,考察大豆荚掺混比和催化剂Fe₂O₃对热解产物特性的影响。通过FT-IR、GC-MS、SEM-EDX和UV-vis分析共热解产物的性质,并将半焦用于亚甲基蓝吸附实验。研究结果表明：掺混比30%时,共热解焦油的产率达到最大值11.98%,比煤焦油产率增加44.86%,与计算值的正偏差最大（0.8%）,同时,大豆荚的添加有促进焦油生成的协同作用。大豆荚的添加有利于共热解焦油中含氧杂环的断裂,使共热解焦油中直链烷烃增多,芳香族化合物减少,使重质组分转化为轻质组分,从而提高焦油品质;同时,大豆荚的添加使共热解半焦的含氧基团增加,微观形貌变粗糙。而Fe₂O₃的加入使共热解焦油中酚、醇类物质增加;加Fe₂O₃共热解半焦的褶皱更加明显。共热解半焦对亚甲基蓝的吸附率为33.62%,比煤半焦的吸附率提高8.84%,加Fe₂O₃共热解半焦的吸附率为55.57%,比共热解半焦提高65.29%。     

四氢糠醇合成吡啶催化剂的制备及工艺研究

研究了四氢糠醇(THFA)与氨气在固定床反应器中合成吡啶的工艺路线,对催化剂进行了考察。以Al₂O₃为基底,分别制备负载Co₃O₄、Cr₂O₃、MoO₃的单一组分催化剂,筛选出催化性能最好的催化剂MoO₃作为主催化剂,混合不同量的Co₃O₄、Cr₂O₃,制备成各种复合催化剂。确定催化剂Cr₂O₃-MoO₃/Al₂O₃催化效果最佳,对其结构进行了表征,并在固定床反应器上对该催化剂催化四氢糠醇合成吡啶的工艺及稳定性进行了研究。最适宜反应条件下,即500 ℃,氨气流量700 mL/min,四氢糠醇进液量0.15 mL/min及常压条件进行时,四氢糠醇转化率达100%,吡啶收率达85.30%。     

Co3O4改性USY分子筛吸附和催化氧化甲苯特性研究

利用水热法合成Co₃O₄/USY复合材料,研究其对有机污染物甲苯的吸附和催化氧化特性,同时结合微波对Co₃O₄的精准加热特性,考察不同负载量Co₃O₄/USY在微波作用下的升温特性及催化甲苯氧化降解特性。结果表明,通过水热反应,Co₃O₄在USY表面形成多孔蜂窝状结构;负载Co₃O₄后的USY保持较高的吸附容量,Co₃O₄/USY-1.5m室温下的吸附容量为85 mg/g;Co₃O₄/USY在干、湿两种状态下均在325℃表现出优良的催化氧化特性、CO₂选择性和稳定性;Co₃O₄/USY能够与微波高效耦合,快速升温启动其催化作用,控制反应温度为250℃,发现微波诱导甲苯催化氧化过程的CO₂选择性优于常规催化,表明所制备Co₃O₄/USY复合材料具备吸附甲苯并进行微波快速再生协同有机污染物高效催化氧化降解的可行性。     

Fe2O3/硅藻土催化剂催化甲苯二胺焦油重组分降解

非均相催化甲苯二胺(TDA)焦油重组分降解是资源化利用的新途径。本文采用离子交换-焙烧法制备了Fe₂O₃/硅藻土非均相Fenton催化,并通过SEM、XRD和EDS等手段对催化剂微观结构进行表征。探究了Fe₂O₃/硅藻土催化剂催化TDA焦油重组份降解的性能,结果表明：硅藻土对TDA焦油具有吸附优势,且Fe₂O₃能够均匀分散于硅藻土表面而实现对TDA焦油的可控高效降解。在1g 0.5%Fe催化剂,[m(Fe₂O₃/硅藻土催化剂):m(30%H₂O₂)]=1:6,20℃,pH=4.5,反应时间2h条件下,焦油分解得到TDA最多,产率为71.79%。     

双金属催化剂还原性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备CuO-CoO和CuO-Fe₂O₃催化剂。采用程序升温还原(TPR)技术测定纯CuO、Co₃O₄、Fe₂O₃和CuO-CoO、CuO-Fe₂O₃催化剂的还原动力学参数。结果表明，添加CuO能促进Co₃O₄和Fe₂O₃的还原，两种催化剂的还原温度向低温方向偏移，还原活化能明显降低。并且，Cu的存在还改变了氧化铁的还原历程。     

Fe2O3-Co3O4异质结的熔盐法制备及其析氢性能

氧化物在电催化析氢反应中具有广阔的应用前景。以Na F和KNO₃的混合盐为反应介质，以Co Cl₃和Fe Cl₃为原料，通过熔盐法于350℃煅烧2 h便可制得Fe₂O₃-Co₃O₄异质结构，并将其用于绿色制氢。借助X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱分析样品的微观形貌、物相结构和电子结构信息，验证了Fe₂O₃和Co₃O₄之间存在有效耦合。Fe₂O₃可使催化剂表面粗糙，大幅增加活性比表面积。此外，Fe₂O₃和Co₃O₄之间存在电子相互作用，Fe₂O₃向Co₃O₄提供电子，降低Co原子的价态，大大提升了Fe     

过渡金属氧化物担载型USY分子筛对神东煤催化热解行为的影响

利用粉-粒流化床热解实验装置,研究了过渡金属氧化物改性的USY分子筛对神东煤热解行为的影响。结果表明:过渡金属氧化物改性后USY分子筛骨架结构未发生变化,酸量变化显著。催化剂对神东煤一次热解挥发分的催化作用明显,半焦收率基本保持在66%左右;在实验所选五种催化剂作用下热解挥发分的脱氧反应都增强,热解气中CO和CO_2的收率明显增加,液体产物收率下降,强酸性导致积碳严重,双金属改性后积碳情况改善。USY分子筛对轻质芳烃的形成具有较高的催化活性,其酸性中心能促进焦油中含氧化合物、稠环芳烃和脂肪烃向萘类芳烃转化,负载WO_3后会抑制焦油中萘类芳烃的生成,NiO引入后催化剂的双金属活性导致此抑制作用更为明显,且NiO的裂解性和脱氢性能会显著增加焦油中脂肪烃的含量和气体中H2的收率。     

Co3O4-MMT催化剂的制备及其N2O催化分解性能

以MMT为载体，采用原位聚合-配位沉积法制备3种不同Co负载量的Co₃O₄-MMT催化剂。采用N₂物理吸附、XRD和TEM对载体和催化剂进行表征，并在连续流动微反装置上考察其N₂O催化分解性能。结果表明，与Co₃O₄催化剂相比，Co₃O₄-MMT催化剂的比表面积显著增大，且活性组分Co₃O₄具有较高的分散状态。Co₃O₄-MMT催化剂的催化活性随着Co含量的增加先升后降，其中0.015Co-MMT表现出最佳的催化活性，其活性远高于Co₃O₄催化剂，同时，该催化剂还表现出良好的催化稳定性和较好的杂质气体耐受性。     

甲醇氧化制甲醛铁钼催化剂表面结构与活性

利用共沉淀法在不同搅拌速度下制备了相同Mo/Fe原子比的甲醇氧化制甲醛催化剂,采用SEM、XRD和拉曼光谱等对催化剂进行表征,在固定床微反上评价催化剂活性和选择性。结果表明,搅拌速度增大,催化剂比表面积增大,催化活性增强,甲醛收率由600 r·min^-1时的73.8%增加到10000 r·min^-1时的95.7%（280℃）。此外,催化剂由片状的MoO₃和颗粒状的Fe₂（MoO₄）₃两部分组成,游离的片状MoO₃无明显催化活性,只有与Fe₂（MoO₄）₃结合时才具有催化活性。     

Influence of metal oxides on the catalytic behavior of Au/Al2O3 for the selective reduction of NOx by hydrocarbons

The reduction of NO by propene in the presence of excess oxygen over mechanical mixtures of Au/Al₂O₃ with a bulk oxide has been investigated. The oxides studied were: Co₃O₄, Mn₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, CuO, Fe₂O₃, NiO, CeO₂, SnO₂, ZnO and V₂O₅. Under lean C₃H₆-SCR conditions, these oxides (with the exception of SnO₂) convert selectively NO to NO₂. When mechanically mixed with Au/Al₂O₃, the Mn₂O₃ and Co₃O₄ oxides and, to a much greater extent, CeO₂ act synergistically with this catalyst greatly enhancing its SCR performance. It was found that their synergistic action is not straightforwardly related to their activity for NO oxidation to NO₂. The exhibited catalytic synergy may be due to the operation of either remote control or a bifunctional mechanism. In the later case, the key intermediate must be a short-lived compound and not the NO₂ molecule in gas-phase.     

Catalytic reduction of SO2 over supported transition-metal oxide catalysts with C2H4 as a reducing agent

This work investigates performances of supported transition-metal oxide catalysts for the catalytic reduction of SO₂ with C₂H₄ as a reducing agent. Experimental results indicate that the active species, the support, the feed ratio of C₂H₄/SO₂, and pretreatment are all important factors affecting catalyst activity. Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ was found to be the most active catalyst among six γ-Al₂O₃-supported metal oxide catalysts tested. With Fe₂O₃ as the active species, of the supports tested, CeO₂ is the most suitable one. Using this Fe₂O₃/CeO₂ catalyst, we found that the optimal Fe content is 10 wt.%, the optimal feed ratio of C₂H₄/SO₂ is 1:1, and the catalyst presulfidized by H₂+H₂S exhibits a higher performance than those pretreated with H₂ or He. Although the feed concentrations of C₂H₄:SO₂ being 3000:3000 ppm provide a higher conversion of SO₂, the sulfur yield decreases drastically at temperatures above 300 °C. With higher feed concentrations, maximum yield appears at higher temperatures. The C₂H₄ temperature-programmed desorption (C₂H₄-TPD) and SO₂-TPD desorption patterns illustrate that Fe₂O₃/CeO₂ can adsorb and desorb C₂H₄ and SO₂ more easily than can Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃. Moreover, the SO₂-TPD patterns further show that Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ is more seriously inhibited by SO₂. These findings may properly explain why Fe₂O₃/CeO₂ has a higher activity for the reduction of SO₂.     

Photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous suspension by using polycrystalline TiO2 samples impregnated with Cu(II)-phthalocyanine

A number of supported metal oxide catalysts were screened for their catalytic performance for the oxidation of carbon black (CB; a model diesel soot) using NO₂ as the main oxidant. It was found that contact between the carbon and catalyst was a key factor in determining the rate of oxidation by NO₂. Oxides with low melting points, such as Re₂O₇, MoO₃ and V₂O₅ showed higher activities than did Fe₃O₄ and Co₃O₄. The activities of MoO₃ and V₂O₅ on various supporting materials were also examined. MoO₃/SiO₂ was the most active catalyst among the supported MoO₃ examined, whereas, V₂O₅/MCM-41 showed the highest activity among the supported V₂O₅. Different performances of the supported MoO₃ catalysts were explained by the interaction of MoO₃ with the supports: a strong MoO₃/support interaction may result in a poor mobility of MoO₃ and a poor activity for oxidation of carbon by NO₂. The high activity of V₂O₅/MCM-41 was associated with its catalysis of the oxidation of SO₂ by NO₂ to form SO₃, which substantially promotes oxidation of carbon by NO₂. Addition of transition metal oxides or sulfates to supported MoO₃ and V₂O₅ was also investigated. Combining MoO₃ or V₂O₅ with CuO on SiO₂, adding VOSO₄ to MoO₃/SiO₂ or MoO₃/Al₂O₃ and adding TiOSO₄ or CuSO₄ to V₂O₅/Al₂O₃ improved the catalytic performance.     

一种新γ相氧化铝负载的铁铝双金属催化剂用于反向水煤气转化反应(英文)

In reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction CO₂ is converted to CO which in turn can be used to produce beneficial chemicals such as methanol. In the present study, Mo/Al₂O₃, Fe/Al₂O₃ and Fe-Mo/Al₂O₃ catalysts were synthesised using impregnation method. The structures of catalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR), CO chemisorption, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Kinetic properties of all catalysts were investigated in a batch reactor for RWGS reaction. The results indicated that Mo existence in structure of Fe-Mo/Al₂O₃ catalyst enhances its activity as compared to Fe/Al₂O₃. This enhancement is probably due to better Fe dispersion and smaller particle size of Fe species. Stability test of Fe-Mo/Al₂O₃ catalyst was carried out in a fixed bed reactor and a high CO yield for 60 h of time on stream was demonstrated. Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ phase was found in the structures of fresh and used catalysts. TPR results also indicate that Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ phase has low reducibility, therefore the Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ phase signifificantly inhibits the reduction of the remaining Fe oxides in the catalyst, resulted in high stability of Fe-Mo/Al₂O₃ catalyst. Overall, this study introduces Fe-Mo/Al₂O₃ as a novel catalyst with high CO yield, almost no by-products and fairly stable for RWGS reaction.     

The simultaneous activation of methane and carbon dioxide to C2 hydrocarbons under pulse corona plasma over La2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst

The pulse corona plasma has been used as an activation method for reaction of methane and carbon dioxide, the product was C₂ hydrocarbons and by-products were CO and H₂. Methane conversion and the yield of C₂ hydrocarbons were affected by the carbon dioxide concentration in the feed. The conversion of methane increased with increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the feed whereas the yield of C₂ hydrocarbons decreased. The synergism of La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ and plasma gave methane conversion of 24.9% and C₂ hydrocarbons yield of 18.1% were obtained at the power input of plasma was 30 W. The distribution of C₂ hydrocarbons changed by using Pd-La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst, the major C₂ product was ethylene.     

金属氧化物对油页岩热解产物收率及组成分布的影响

通过固定床反应器,对4种金属氧化物（Al₂O₃、MgO、CaO、Fe₂O₃）对油页岩热解所得油、气产率及成分的影响进行了研究。结果显示,碱性CaO对油、水、气、焦产率分布影响较为突出,可提高页岩油与半焦产率,并降低热解气产率;而酸性较强的Al₂O₃可同时提高页岩油、热解气和热解水的产率,有利于促进挥发分的析出;比较而言,MgO和Fe₂O₃的作用相对较弱。4种金属氧化物均可提高热解气中H₂、CH₄和C₂的产率;CaO作用下CO₂含量降低,而其他金属氧化物对CO₂的产生有不同程度的促进作用;Fe₂O₃可促进H₂产生;Al₂O₃作用下CH₄含量有所增加。4种金属氧化物均可促进页岩油中芳香烃的产生,并且CaO和MgO两种碱土金属氧化物作用下,短链（C₆~C₁₂）烷烃和烯烃含量均增加,而掺混Al₂O₃时页岩油中仅短链（C₆~C₁₂）烷烃含量增加。对此机理进行推测认为,碱性CaO和MgO首先与以脂肪酸形式存在的有机质进行酸碱反应,得到脱羧活性更高的羧酸盐,后者脱羧所得中间产物具有生成烷烃或烯烃两条可能路径,同时得到碳酸盐;而在具有Lewis酸特征的Al₂O₃作用下,脱羧产物为CO₂,并同时得到饱和烃产物。     

Selective catalytic reduction of NO by C3H8 over CoOx/Al2O3: An investigation of structure–activity relationships

A series of CoO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts was prepared, characterized, and applied for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by C₃H₈. The results of XRD, UV–vis, IR, Far-IR and ESR characterizations of the catalysts suggest that the predominant oxidation state of cobalt species is +2 for the catalysts with low cobalt loading (≤2 mol%) and for the catalysts with 4 mol% cobalt loading prepared by sol–gel and co-precipitation. Co₃O₄ crystallites or agglomerates are the predominant species in the catalysts with high cobalt loading prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and solid dispersion. An optimized CoO_x/Al₂O₃ catalyst shows high activity in SCR of NO by C₃H₈ (100% conversion of NO at 723 K, GHSV: 10,000 h⁻¹). The activity of the selective catalytic reduction of NO by C₃H₈ increases with the increase of cobalt–alumina interactions in the catalysts. The influences of cobalt loading and catalyst preparation method on the catalytic performance suggest that tiny CoAl₂O₄ crystallites highly dispersed on alumina are responsible for the efficient catalytic reduction of NO, whereas Co₃O₄ crystallites catalyze the combustion of C₃H₈ only.     

Hydrodesulfurization over supported monometallic, bimetallic and promoted carbide and nitride catalysts

The preparation of alumina-supported β-Mo₂C, MoC_1−x (x≈0.5), γ-Mo₂N, Co–Mo₂C, Ni₂Mo₃N, Co₃Mo₃N and Co₃Mo₃C catalysts is described and their hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalytic properties are compared to conventional sulfide catalysts having similar metal loadings. Alumina-supported β-Mo₂C and γ-Mo₂N catalysts (Mo₂C/Al₂O₃ and Mo₂N/Al₂O₃, respectively) are significantly more active than sulfided MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts, and X-ray diffraction, pulsed chemisorption and flow reactor studies of the Mo₂C/Al₂O₃ catalysts indicate that they exhibit strong resistance to deep sulfidation. A model is presented for the active surface of Mo₂C/Al₂O₃ and Mo₂N/Al₂O₃ catalysts in which a thin layer of sulfided Mo exposing a high density of sites forms at the surface of the alumina-supported β-Mo₂C and γ-Mo₂N particles under HDS conditions. Cobalt promoted catalysts, Co–Mo₂C/Al₂O₃, have been found to be substantially more active than conventional sulfided Co–MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts, while requiring less Co to achieve optimal HDS activity than is observed for the sulfide catalysts. Alumina-supported bimetallic nitride and carbide catalysts (Ni₂Mo₃N/Al₂O₃, Co₃Mo₃N/Al₂O₃, Co₃Mo₃C/Al₂O₃), while significantly more active for thiophene HDS than unpromoted Mo nitride and carbide catalysts, are less active than conventional sulfided Ni–Mo and Co–Mo catalysts prepared from the same oxidic precursors.