外加剂添加时间对水泥浆体吸附和分散性能的影响

通过分析外加剂添加时间对水泥浆体吸附、Zeta电位、流动度的影响及其相互关系,研究了萘系高效减水剂和聚羧酸系高效减水剂对普通硅酸盐水泥浆体吸附及分散性能的影响.结果表明:随减水剂添加时间的延迟,水泥颗粒对萘系减水剂和聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量均急剧降低至趋于平缓;减水剂添加时间对水泥浆体吸附、电位与流动度之间关系的影响不同,随着添加时间的延长,减水剂吸附量降低、电位绝对值减小;萘系高效减水剂最佳掺加时间为加水后10 min左右,此时水泥颗粒对减水剂分子的吸附量偏低,对应的水泥浆体达到最佳的流动度;聚羧酸系高效减水剂与水同掺时吸附量最大,对应水泥浆体的流动度也最大.     

硅烷改性聚羧酸减水剂对水泥浆体流动性及水化进程的影响

通过自由基聚合法,利用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)部分或完全取代聚羧酸减水剂合成过程中的丙烯酸(AA)单体,合成了硅烷改性聚羧酸减水剂。研究了硅烷改性聚羧酸减水剂在水泥颗粒表面的吸附行为以及对水泥浆体分散性能的影响,并研究了硅烷改性聚羧酸减水剂对水泥水化进程的影响。结果表明:硅烷部分取代丙烯酸可提高聚羧酸减水剂在水泥颗粒表面的吸附量,提高了水泥浆体流动度;相对于传统聚羧酸减水剂,可更大程度延缓水泥水化进程,但可提高水泥3 d水化程度;而硅烷全部取代丙烯酸,聚羧酸减水剂对水泥吸附、分散性能下降,对水泥水化延缓程度增强,对水泥水化程度无提高效果。     

水泥基体系中聚羧酸系高效减水剂的化学结构对其性能的影响(英文)

研究了不同结构的聚羧酸系高效减水剂对水泥净浆性能的影响。以马来酸酐和烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚为主要单体,采用自由基聚合方法合成了3种不同分子结构的减水剂。用Fourier变换红外光谱表征减水剂分子的结构。此外,用水泥净浆扩展度、量热测试和吸附率测试分析减水剂对水泥净浆性能的影响。结果表明:具有较低侧链密度、中等电荷密度和最高相对分子质量的减水剂分子表现出最佳分散性能和在水泥颗粒上的最高吸附率,因此具有最强的缓凝作用。     

磺化木质素对蒙脱土吸附聚羧酸减水剂的抑制作用及机理EI北大核心CSCD

通过木质素与亚硫酸钠的化合反应得到磺化木质素。将其与聚羧酸减水剂（PC）双掺入含蒙脱土的水泥净浆中,观察净浆流动度的变化。采用X射线衍射仪,总有机碳测定仪和zeta电位仪等研究磺化木质素抑制蒙脱土吸附聚羧酸减水剂的作用机理。结果表明：磺化木质素可有效降低蒙脱土对水泥浆体流动性能的危害。磺化木质素分子链包裹水泥体系中的蒙脱土颗粒,将其铝硅层间距由1.42 nm压缩至1.23 nm,导致聚氧化乙烯侧链没有足够的空间嵌入,从而抑制了蒙脱土对PC的吸附,提高了聚羧酸减水剂对黏土的耐抗性。     

β-环糊精侧链对聚羧酸减水剂抑制蒙脱土的影响

采用水泥净浆和混凝土试验，详细研究了β-环糊精侧链对聚羧酸减水剂抑制蒙脱土负效应的影响。试验表明，与仅含有聚氧乙烯侧链的传统聚羧酸减水剂相比，蒙脱土对掺加含有β-环糊精侧链的聚羧酸减水剂水泥净浆流动度的负作用影响明显减弱；蒙脱土（1.0%，以砂质量计）存在时，为获得与无蒙脱土时相同的混凝土坍落度，β-环糊精类聚羧酸减水剂的掺量增幅减小，掺加β-环糊精类聚羧酸减水剂的混凝土抗压强度下降幅度减小。结合吸附试验分析，β-环糊精类聚羧酸减水剂抑制蒙脱土负效应能力的增强应归功于其侧链中的β-环糊精基团，β-环糊精基团具有中空筒状的刚性结构，其显著的空间位阻效应将阻止蒙脱土颗粒继续吸附其他β-环糊精类聚羧酸分子，进而提高聚羧酸减水剂抑制蒙脱土负效应的能力。     

不同结构聚羧酸减水剂在吸附质浆体表面的吸附-分散效应

为考察不同侧链密度的减水剂分子在水泥-钠基膨润土浆体中的吸附-分散效应,以丙烯酸和2-甲基丙-2-烯基聚乙二醇醚自由基共聚法,通过调整链转移剂构建出适当主链长度且不同侧链密度的聚羧酸减水剂.采用GPC、Zeta电位、TOC、流动度测试技术表征,着重考察了相近主链长度、不同侧链密度的减水剂在水泥-钠基膨润土混合浆体中的吸附-分散特性.结果 表明:侧链密度设计越高,主链长度同步减小,减水剂分子初始吸附量越小;内掺钠基膨润土后在分散性能方面侧链密度高的占优势,且内掺量越大,侧链密度高的减水剂抗泥质吸附能力越强.     

含硅烷官能团聚羧酸减水剂对水泥浆体流动性和力学性能的影响

用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)部分或全部取代聚羧酸减水剂合成过程中的丙烯酸(AA)单体,通过自由基聚合合成了一系列不同组成的硅烷改性聚羧酸减水剂(SPC)。研究了引入硅烷官能团后,减水剂对水泥净浆流动度的影响规律。采用总有机碳分析法(TOC)研究了硅烷改性聚羧酸减水剂的吸附行为。最后评价了其对水泥砂浆强度发展的影响。结果表明:聚羧酸减水剂(PC)分子中羧基含量越高,其在水泥颗粒表面的吸附量越大,对水泥浆体的分散性越好;在减水剂分子结构中引入硅氧烷官能团,水解生成的硅羟基可以作为吸附基团,提高减水剂分子在水泥颗粒表面的吸附能力,从而提高减水剂对水泥的分散能力;且硅羟基在水泥表面的吸附为化学吸附,因此其吸附能力大于羧基官能团(—COOH);聚异丁烯醇聚氧乙烯醚和KH570的摩尔比为1∶1或1∶2的共聚物有利于砂浆7、28d抗压强度的发展。     

磺化木质素对蒙脱土吸附聚羧酸减水剂的抑制作用及机理

通过木质素与亚硫酸钠的化合反应得到磺化木质素。将其与聚羧酸减水剂(PC)双掺入含蒙脱土的水泥净浆中,观察净浆流动度的变化。采用X射线衍射仪,总有机碳测定仪和zeta电位仪等研究磺化木质素抑制蒙脱土吸附聚羧酸减水剂的作用机理。结果表明:磺化木质素可有效降低蒙脱土对水泥浆体流动性能的危害。磺化木质素分子链包裹水泥体系中的蒙脱土颗粒,将其铝硅层间距由1.42 nm压缩至1.23 nm,导致聚氧化乙烯侧链没有足够的空间嵌入,从而抑制了蒙脱土对PC的吸附,提高了聚羧酸减水剂对黏土的耐抗性。     

一种马来酸酐型聚羧酸系减水剂的制备与作用机理的研究

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,对氯甲基苯乙烯、马来酸酐(MAH)为聚合单体,采用非均相聚合方法,合成对氯甲基化苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物,并通过与蔗糖反应合成苯乙烯-马来酸酐接枝蔗糖共聚物(SP)。通过红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)对减水剂结构进行表征。并以净浆流动度、水泥颗粒表面吸附量和Zeta电位为指标,研究了其作用机理。结果表明,SP能有效地吸附在水泥颗粒表面,改变水泥颗粒表面的电位,使水泥颗粒表面形成双电子层,在静电斥力的作用下,水泥颗粒之间保持稳定,水泥浆体流动性提高。     

一种马来酸酐型聚羧酸系减水剂的制备与作用机理的研究

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,对氯甲基苯乙烯、马来酸酐(MAH)为聚合单体,采用非均相聚合方法,合成对氯甲基化苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物,并通过与蔗糖反应合成苯乙烯-马来酸酐接枝蔗糖共聚物(SP)。通过红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)对减水剂结构进行表征。并以净浆流动度、水泥颗粒表面吸附量和Zeta电位为指标,研究了其作用机理。结果表明,SP能有效地吸附在水泥颗粒表面,改变水泥颗粒表面的电位,使水泥颗粒表面形成双电子层,在静电斥力的作用下,水泥颗粒之间保持稳定,水泥浆体流动性提高。     

环糊精改性聚羧酸系减水剂的制备与性能

以丙烯酸(AA)、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(MAS)、马来酸酐接枝β-环糊精(MAH-β-CD)和甲基烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚(APEG)为原料,通过水溶液自由基共聚制备了β-CD改性聚羧酸系减水剂(MPC)。考察了反应物摩尔比、引发剂用量、反应时间及反应温度对减水剂性能的影响。当单体摩尔比n(AA)∶n(MAS)∶n(MAH-β-CD)∶n(APEG)=5∶0.5∶0.1∶1、引发剂过硫酸铵(APS)用量为单体总质量的5%、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为5 h时,所得减水剂性能较好。应用结果表明,掺MPC后水泥净浆流动度可达306 mm、初凝时间为440 min、减水率达32.2%。SEM和强度测试结果表明,掺有MPC的水泥石的结构更加紧密匀质,孔洞更加微小,有利于混凝土后期结构的发展。     

热塑性弹性体SBS的接枝改性研究

<正>1引言由于SBS化学组成及其结构的待点,将它作为粘合剂,比一般合成橡胶粘合剂更具独特之处.然而由于SBS大分子内缺少极性基团,使得SBS粘合剂与聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯和金属等材料的粘接效果不够理想,为改善其粘接性,国内外学者对其进行了接枝改性的研究.     

Synthesis and characterization of high‐density polypropylene‐grafted polyethylene via a macromolecular reaction and its rheological behavior

High‐density polyethylene grafted isotactic polypropylene (PP‐g‐HDPE) was prepared by the imidization reaction between maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and amine‐grafted polypropylene in a xylene solution. The branch density was adjusted by changes in the molar ratio between maleic anhydride and primary amine groups. Dynamic rheology tests were conducted to compare the rheological properties of linear polyolefins and long‐chain‐branched polyolefins. The effects of the density of long‐chain branches on the rheological properties were also investigated. It was found that long‐chain‐branched hybrid polyolefins had a higher storage modulus at a low frequency, a higher zero shear viscosity, a reduced phase angle, enhanced shear sensitivities, and a longer relaxation time. As the branch density was increased, the characteristics of the long‐chain‐branched structure became profounder. The flow activation energy of PP‐g‐HDPE was lower than that of neat maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MAH) because of the lower flow activation energy of maleic anhydride grafted high‐density polyethylene (HDPE‐g‐MAH). However, the flow activation energy of PP‐g‐HDPE was higher than that of PP‐g‐MAH/HDPE‐g‐MAH blends because of the presence of long‐chain branches. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

硅烷/马来酸酐混合接枝高密度聚乙烯的制备与应用

以硅烷(VTMS)、马来酸酐(MAH)为单体,过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,制备硅烷/马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD),研究引发剂DCP、单体VTMS和MAH含量对接枝产物性能的影响,用红外光谱(FTIR)对接枝产物进行分析,并将接枝产物作为相容剂添加到复合材料中。结果显示：VTMS和MAH能够在PE-HD上进行接枝,随着DCP、VTMS和MAH含量的增加,接枝产物的接枝性能先增加后减小;和VTMS和MAH单种单体接枝PE-HD比较,硅烷/马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯(MAH/VTMS -g-PE-HD)能够显著提高复合材料的力学性能。     

耐老化抗冲击PC/SMA合金的研究

用动态力学热分析法(DMTA)分析丁马来酸酐(MAH)含量不同的3种苯乙烯／MAH共聚物(SMA)与聚碳酸酯(PC)共混物的相容性。结果表明,SMA与PC共混物的相容性随SMA树脂马来酸酐含量的增加而提高,MAH 质量分数为18％d SMA树脂与PC的共混物在整个组成范围内都只有一个玻璃化转变温度。以丙烯酸酯类核壳结构共聚物(ACR)作冲击改性剂制备了不同组成的PC／SMA合金,测试表明合金有良好的力学强度、冲击强度、高耐热性和优良的耐老化性。     

Optimized synthesis and properties of surfactant-free water-reducible acrylate-alkyd resin emulsion

In this work, a modified alkyd resin (basic alkyd resin) was synthesized using maleic anhydride (MAH) to replace part of phthalic anhydride (PA) to achieve the target product acrylate-grafted-alkyd hybrid resin. The resin was then dispersed in water to form water-reducible emulsion. The properties were examined, including the extent of neutralization of final emulsion, ratio of MAH/PA in basic alkyd resin, mole ratio of basic alkyd resin to modified vinyl monomers, mole ratio of vinyl monomers (MMA/St/AA) on water dispersion stability of emulsion, particle size, drying time and mechanical properties. The optimal synthesis conditions produced a final emulsion particle size of 81.1 nm with good storage stability, hydrolytic stability and shorter drying time. The optimized synthesis conditions were identified as 80% neutralization, 1:0.8 mole ratio of basic alkyd resin to modified monomers, 4:3:2 modified monomers MMA/St/AA and 0.18 mole ratio of MAH/PA.     

Fluorescence quenching of fluoranthene by maleic anhydride in solution and during nonreactive and reactive twin‐screw extrusion

Fluorescence quenching of fluoranthene by maleic anhydride (MAH) in polypropylene (PP) during twin‐screw extrusion (TSE) was investigated using an online fluorescence measurement system. The fluorescence quenching effect was clearly seen from the decrease of the peak intensity and integrated area of the residence time distribution (RTD) curves when MAH was introduced into PP. Fluorescence quenching effect in TSE was compared with that in chloroform solution and in both cases, it followed the linear Stern‐Volmer equation although it showed lower quenching effect in TSE than in solution. Using this quenching phenomenon, it was possible to measure online the grafting degree of PP with MAH in the TSE. The obtained results showed that MAH grafting degree and total conversion measured by both fluorescence technique and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were in good agreement for MAH weight concentrations up to 0.8 wt%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers with varied structures on cement dispersion performance

In order to investigate the effect of double bond content in the crosslinkers on the performance of superplasticizers, three different crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers were synthesized herein with various respective crosslinkers. Their impacts on the fluidity, absorption, and hydration behavior of cement systems were studied. The results showed that the polymer, which was synthesized using a crosslinker with four double bonds and five/six double bonds, had higher fluidity and the highest fluidity reached up to 395 mm at W/C of 0.35. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis and hydration heat tests showed that the crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers could prolong the hydration process of cement slurries. Among these three kinds of crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers, the induction period of cement slurry containing the polymer with crosslinker of four double bonds was significantly extended to facilitate the processing of the concrete. The purpose of this study is to provide strategies for studying high-performance polycarboxylate superplasticizers with novel topological structure.     

High‐performance carboxylate superplasticizers for concretes: Interplay between the polymerization temperature and properties

Polycarboxylate superplasticizers based on acrylic acid (AA) and maleic anhydride (MAn) were synthesized via free‐radical copolymerization with an ethylene glycol monomer and characterized. The copolymerization temperature (ranging from 50 to 90 °C) appeared to be the key operating factor governing the chemical structure of the superplasticizers. The chemical structures of the products were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, whereas an optimized sample was further analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ¹H‐NMR. Superplasticizers of the AA and MAn classes were then incorporated into concrete, and their performances were measured by slump and slump loss tests, where a large dependency of the microstructure on the synthesis temperature was recognized. The optimum temperatures were found to be 50 and 80 °C for the AA and MAn modifiers, respectively. At their own optimum temperatures, the AA and MAn superplasticizer revealed slump losses from 23 to 4 cm and 15 to 5 cm, respectively, after 45 min. The chemical structures of the plasticizers were patterned illustratively to speculate the performance of each superplasticizer according to changes that took place in the backbone length and side‐chain density. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44908.