基于ASO-BP神经网络的海底油气管道腐蚀速率预测

随着我国海洋油气管网的发展与建设,管道数据采集量随之增大,优秀的预测模型可以应对大量数据,准确预测管道腐蚀速率,对保障管道安全健康运行具有重大意义。将原子搜索优化算法（ASO）思想引入BP （Back propagation）神经网络,构建ASO-BP神经网络用于海底油气管道腐蚀速率的预测。以50组现场数据为例,使用Matlab进行模拟仿真计算,分别构建具有代表性的BP、GA-BP和ACO-BP模型作为对比,对海底油气管道腐蚀速率数据进行训练和预测,结果表明ASO-BP模型预测精度较高,其平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）为3.16%,预测结果优于BP、GA-BP和ACO-BP,验证了其可靠性以及良好的预测性能,为海底管道腐蚀速率预测研究提供了新的方法和思路。     

基于BP神经网络的油气长输管道土壤腐蚀性预测

基于BP神经网络原理,综合考虑六类土壤腐蚀指标(土壤电阻率、土壤含水量、氧化还原电位、氯离子含量、硫酸根离子含量和p H值),建立了一种土壤腐蚀速率的预测方法。基于这种方法,依据某油田的现场土壤数据,借助MATLAB神经网络工具箱建立了这一地区的土壤腐蚀性预测的BP神经网络模型。训练和预测结果表明:训练的腐蚀速率最大误差为-1.5%,预测的腐蚀速率最大误差为8%。由此可见,基于BP神经网络的土壤腐蚀性预测方法具有较好的预测精度,对油气管道的安全运行具有重要的意义。     

集输管道CO_2腐蚀预测研究

结合实际集输管道运行工况,使用OLGA软件建立了输气集输管道CO2腐蚀预测模型,计算了集输管道的腐蚀速率,预测分析了温度、CO2分压、含水量、流速及管道高程等因素对腐蚀速率的影响,总结了集输管道的CO2腐蚀特性,并与集输管道现场检测数据进行对比验证,预测效果良好。     

基于Niche GA的BP神经网络评价天然气集输管道腐蚀

建立了天然气管道腐蚀预测的基于BP神经网络模型,并采用小生境遗传算法对该模型进行优化,将该优化模型应用于四川气田某集输管道的腐蚀速率的评价。结果表明,该模型的评价结果误差小,可以用于现场管道的腐蚀决策。     

油气集输管道内腐蚀及内防腐研究

由于油气集输管道中一般都是输送固、烃、水、气共存的多相流介质,含水量较大,使得油气集输管道内腐蚀问题日益严重。本文首先阐述了油气集输管道的内腐蚀分类,其次,分析了油气集输管道内腐蚀评估方法,同时,就油气集输管道内防腐措施进行了深入的探讨,具有一定的参考价值。     

含硫长输油气管道腐蚀预测

油气管道的腐蚀与防护一直是油气集输开采行业长期以来需要解决的问题,管道的腐蚀检测和腐蚀分析,对油气开采安全具有重要的意义。选择常用的L369QCS管道钢材为例,在实验室进行试验分析,研究不同情况的腐蚀速率,为腐蚀机理和腐蚀的产生提供实验借鉴。并建立了腐蚀预测的相关模型,为油气管道的腐蚀预测分析提供理论指导。     

基于BP、RBF神经网络的含蜡原油蜡沉积预测

基于冷蜡沉积实验装置所得实验数据,在分析BP、RBF神经网络结构原理的基础上,采用BP神经网络和RBF神经网络分别建立蜡沉积速率模型,计算预测蜡沉积速率,并且对比相同实验数据下两类神经网络模型对蜡沉积预测的精度。结果表明,BP神经网络和RBF神经网络预测精度均满足要求。BP神经网络预测时间要比RBF神经网络更长,而且当神经网络维数增加时预测值的精度不一定会增加;在模拟时要反复尝试隐含层节点个数和其他参数,而RBF神经网络在数据的训练过程中就已给出隐含层节点个数,学习速度更优于BP神经网络,对新数据的适应性更好,在满足精度条件下更易得到最优解。     

徐深气田CO_2腐蚀速率预测方法研究

通过室内CO2腐蚀模拟实验获得实验数据,利用灰色理论对CO2腐蚀参数进行分析确定CO2腐蚀的主要影响因素,建立BP神经网络腐蚀速率预测模型,利用主要影响因素进行网络训练。利用此模型预测徐深气田某井的腐蚀剖面,预测结果表明：BP神经网络预测结果与气井实验结果接近,体现了BP神经网络在处理非线性数据方面的优越性。灰色理论、神经网络预测模型的研究对于徐深气田CO2腐蚀研究有一定的指导意义。     

基于小波神经网络的油气水三相流相含率的软测量方法

利用高速摄影仪对垂直上升管中油气水三相流的流动进行了动态图像的拍摄,提取每一帧图像的灰度均值组成灰度时间序列,并从时间序列中提取了能反映油气水三相流流动特性的统计和分形特征量,将这些特征量作为人工神经网络的输入量。在水的体积流量为1.32~12.15 m3/h,油的体积流量为0.01~0.43 m3/h,空气的体积流量为0.75~2.5 m3/h条件下,采用小波神经网络作为相含率预测模型,结果表明,小波神经网络的预测值与测试值非常吻合,含气率预测最大误差为3.57%,含水率最大误差为3.3%,较好地实现了油气水三相流相含率的预测,为油气水三相流相含率测量提供了一种有效的软测量方法。     

基于小波神经网络的循环冷却水腐蚀预测研究

利用某石化企业40个月的循环冷却水实际生产数据,基于小神经网络进行了腐蚀预测研究。经过对比分析,得出了小波神经网络预测精度最高的网络模型为6-7-1结构。在相同输入参数向量下,对含有相同隐层节点个数的小波神经网络和BP神经网络进行腐蚀预测对比,小波神经网络比BP神经网络预测精度高。     

Maximum solid concentrations of coal water slurries predicted by neural network models

The nonlinear back-propagation (BP) neural network models were developed to predict the maximum solid concentration of coal water slurry (CWS) which is a substitute for oil fuel, based on physicochemical properties of 37 typical Chinese coals. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to train five BP neural network models with different input factors. The data pretreatment method, learning rate and hidden neuron number were optimized by training models. It is found that the Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), moisture and coalification degree of parent coal are 3 indispensable factors for the prediction of CWS maximum solid concentration. Each BP neural network model gives a more accurate prediction result than the traditional polynomial regression equation. The BP neural network model with 3 input factors of HGI, moisture and oxygen/carbon ratio gives the smallest mean absolute error of 0.40%, which is much lower than that of 1.15% given by the traditional polynomial regression equation.     

基于稳定Hammerstein模型的在线软测量建模方法及应用

针对复杂工业过程中由于存在未建模动态和不确定干扰,导致关键变量的软测量精度下降的问题,提出了一种基于稳定Hammerstein模型(H模型)的在线软测量建模方法。H模型的非线性增益采用带有时变稳定学习算法的小波神经网络模型,线性系统部分采用基于递推最小二乘的ARX模型,基于输入到状态稳定性理论证明了H模型辨识误差的有界性。其中小波神经网络具有表征强非线性的特性,稳定学习算法可抑制未建模动态和不确定干扰的影响,改善了模型的预测精度和自适应能力。以典型非线性系统和实际污水处理过程为例进行了仿真研究,结果表明,基于稳定H模型的软测量方法具有较高的在线软测量精度。     

Prediction of Timber Kiln Drying Rates by Neural Networks

The purpose of this exploratory work was to apply artificial neural network (ANN) modeling to the prediction of timber kiln drying rates based on species and basic density information for the hem-fir mix that grows along the local coastal areas. The ANN models with three inputs (initial moisture content, basic density, and drying time) were developed to predict one output, namely, average final moisture content. The back-propagation algorithm, the most common neural network learning method, was implemented for testing, training, and validation. Optimal configuration of the network model was obtained by varying its main parameters, such as transfer function, learning rule, number of neurons and layers, and learning runs. Accurate prediction of the experimental drying rate data by the ANN model was achieved with a mean absolute relative error less than 2%, thus supporting the powerful predictive capacity of this modeling method.     

Prediction of Timber Kiln Drying Rates by Neural Networks

The purpose of this exploratory work was to apply artificial neural network (ANN) modeling to the prediction of timber kiln drying rates based on species and basic density information for the hem-fir mix that grows along the local coastal areas. The ANN models with three inputs (initial moisture content, basic density, and drying time) were developed to predict one output, namely, average final moisture content. The back-propagation algorithm, the most common neural network learning method, was implemented for testing, training, and validation. Optimal configuration of the network model was obtained by varying its main parameters, such as transfer function, learning rule, number of neurons and layers, and learning runs. Accurate prediction of the experimental drying rate data by the ANN model was achieved with a mean absolute relative error less than 2%, thus supporting the powerful predictive capacity of this modeling method.     

基于BP神经网络紫外可见光度法测定苏丹红混合组分

应用人工神经网络,以BP算法对混合样品中苏丹红系列的三种组分(苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ)的浓度进行测定。在MATLAB 7.0中建立BP神经网络,优化网络条件,对训练样本进行训练,然后对检测样本进行检测。预测结果的误差范围在0.03%~9.20%之间。当样品浓度<0.1×10-4mol/L时,预测误差较大,均在5%以上;当浓度>0.1×10-4mol/L时,预测的相对误差较小,均在5%以下。该方法已用于模拟水样中微量苏丹红的检测。     

利用人工神经网络预测复相陶瓷材料组分含量的研究

根据人工神经网络（ANN）的BP(back propagation）算法,预测复相陶瓷各组分的体积分数的神经网络模型,模型由三层神经元组成,分别为输入层、隐含层和输出层用以模拟人脑的结构,输入层参数由两部分组成,一部分为抗弯强度、硬度和断裂韧性等力学性能,另一部分包括相应各组分的弹性模量和热膨胀系数,以用来辨识不同的材料系统,输出层参数是复相陶瓷中各组分的体积分数,只要训练样本值足够精确,预测模型就能够预测已有的陶瓷系统的组分含量,同时,模型能够预估未知材料系统的组分含量。计算证明,模型的容错性较好,因此对开发新型复相陶瓷非常有益。     

BP神经网络在炼油污水回用于循环水系统中腐蚀率的预测

介绍了BP神经网络的构造及基本原理,阐述了利用MATLAB的GUI建立BP模型的方法和步骤,并将其应用于炼油污水回用于循环冷却水系统腐蚀率的预测,建立一个以电导率和p H为输入向量、腐蚀率为输出向量的BP神经网络预测模型。结果表明,采用GUI建立的三层结构的BP神经网络模型,对炼油污水循环冷却水系统的腐蚀率的预测具有较高的预测精度。说明人工神经网络在循环水腐蚀预测中的应用是可行的,具有一定的应用价值。     

Intelligent Prediction of CO2 Capture in Propyl Amine Methyl Imidazole Alanine Ionic Liquid: An Artificial Neural Network Model

The objective of this paper is to create a new artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict solubility of CO₂ in a new structure of task specific ionic liquids called propyl amine methyl imidazole alanine [pamim][Ala]. Equilibrium data of CO₂ solubility were measured at the temperatures of 25, 40, and 60°C and the pressures up to 50 bar. For the purpose of performance comparison, the two most common types of ANNs, multilayer perceptron (MLP) network and radial basis function (RBF) network were used. Water content, ionic liquid content, temperature, and pressure set as input variables to ANN, while CO₂ capture rate assigned as output. Based upon optimization process, MLP neural network with 14 neurons in the hidden layer, log-sigmoid transfer function in the hidden layer and linear transfer function in the output layer, exhibited much better performance in prediction task than RBF neural network with the same neuron numbers in the hidden layer. Results obtained demonstrated that there is a very little difference between the estimated results of ANN approach and experimental data of CO₂ capture rate for the training, validation, and test data sets. Furthermore, Henry’s law constants were obtained by fitting the equilibrium data.     

机器学习在多相反应器中的应用进展

准确理解并精确预测多相反应器内复杂的流体力学特性、传递现象及反应特征,是过程工程领域的热点方向之一。随着试验测量技术及高性能计算机的快速发展,研究者可以获取高精度的多维瞬态流场数据集。近十年来,机器学习作为一门新兴学科,越来越广泛地应用于数据挖掘、图像识别、智能控制等领域。本文概述了几种常用的机器学习方法（包括神经网络模型、支持向量机模型、决策树模型、聚类算法模型等）,总结了机器学习模型的构建过程（包括数据集的建立、特征变量的选择、算法框架的选取、模型参数的调优、模型验证与测试等）,综述了机器学习辅助多相反应器中流场本构模型构建、流场图像重构、流型识别、流场关键参数预测及优化、不确定度分析、数字孪生技术平台等方面的应用进展,剖析了机器学习结合多相反应器领域所面临的挑战,展望了机器学习在多相反应器中可能有待拓展的方向。