处理电镀废水的耐铜功能菌的筛选及吸附性能

针对表面加工工业园区来水量不定、水质复杂及物化预处理单元对重金属处理不完全,导致其污水处理厂的生物处理单元受到重金属影响的问题,以电镀废水中常见的Cu~(2+)为研究对象,从电镀废水活性污泥中分离得到两株对铜离子耐受能力较强的菌株,分别命名为L2和L3.考察吸附时间、p H、温度和初始Cu~(2+)质量浓度对耐铜功能菌吸附去除Cu~(2+)的影响.结果表明,在LB培养基和电镀废水培养基中,L2和L3均有较高的Cu~(2+)最小抑制浓度,且可在短时间内实现吸附平衡,最佳p H和温度均为6和28℃.在此环境条件下,Cu~(2+)最大吸附量分别为34.15和45.68 mg/g,可实现快速高效地去除废水中的重金属.     

基于EDTA络合滴定法测定重金属离子浓度

为了简化传统金属离子的测定方法,以乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为络合剂,用PAN、二甲酚橙和紫脲酸铵为指示剂测定Cu~(2+)浓度,用铬黑T指示剂测定Mg~(2+)浓度,用二甲酚橙指示剂测定Ni~(2+)浓度.结果表明:以紫脲酸铵为指示剂时,Cu~(2+)浓度测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)最小,为0.631%,因此测定Cu~(2+)浓度选择紫脲酸铵为指示剂最合适;以铬黑T为指示剂,Mg~(2+)浓度的测定结果的RSD为0.719%,因此测定Mg~(2+)浓度时可以选择铬黑T指示剂;以二甲酚橙为指示剂时,Ni~(2+)浓度测定结果的RSD为0.760%,因此EDTA络合滴定法测定Ni~(2+)浓度时可选择二甲酚橙指示剂.与原子吸收光谱法相比,EDTA络合滴定法测定金属离子浓度操作简单方便,测定结果具有很高的精密度和准确度.     

Cu2+和Ni2+对水解-MBR工艺处理效能的影响特性

为降低电镀废水中重金属对生物处理系统的冲击,采用水解-膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺对电镀综合废水进行处理,以重金属离子Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)为代表,重点研究不同质量浓度的重金属冲击下对水解-MBR工艺处理电镀废水效能的影响,以及水中DOMs与微生物活性的变化情况.结果表明:在Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)质量浓度5~20 mg/L冲击下,水解-MBR组合工艺对COD和NH_4~+-N去除效率分别在75%和45%以上.硝化细菌抗重金属冲击能力较差,水解-MBR组合工艺对重金属Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)的耐受质量浓度可达20 mg/L,而单纯MBR工艺仅为10 mg/L.水解反应器可将污水中HPI大部分转化为HPO-A,改善难降解有机物可生化性,芳香族化合物的含量明显降低.随着重金属Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)质量浓度的升高,MBR反应器内活性污泥的SOUR值逐步下降,但水解-MBR工艺SOUR受重金属的抑制率均比单独MBR工艺低5%左右.由于水解使重金属毒性减弱,水解-MBR系统中微生物的活性较高,系统中EPS含量和出水质量浓度均显著低于单独MBR工艺,且可以有效减少膜表面胶体物质和溶解性有机物形成,降低污泥滤饼层的形成速度,有效减缓膜污染的速率.     

阳极溶出伏安法测定水样中痕量铜离子的研究

采用简单的热聚合法制备乙二胺四乙酸/类石墨相氮化碳(EDTA/g-C_3N_4)复合材料,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)对其进行表征。通过在玻碳电极(GC)表面修饰EDTA/g-C_3N_4复合材料,制备Cu~(2+)电化学传感器。通过方波溶出伏安法(SWV)对水溶液中的Cu~(2+)进行检测。结果表明:在-0.9V富集电位下,富集时间为720s时,1×10~(-6)mol/L的Cu~(2+)在0.1mol/L HAc-NaAc(pH=5.0)缓冲液中,Cu~(2+)的浓度与溶出峰电流呈现良好的线性关系,Cu~(2+)的浓度范围为1×10~(-9)～4×10~(-6)mol/L,线性方程为I=23.95C+18.72,相关系数R~2=0.9914,检出限为1.84×10~(-10)mol/L。经测定,EDTA/g-C_3N_4修饰的玻碳电极表现出良好的重现性、重复性、抗干扰能力及稳定性。该方法具有灵敏度高、仪器设备简单、操作简便、污染小等优点,是一种高效的检测痕量重金属铜离子的方法。     

微电解催化处理染料废水研究

实验研究了微电解法处理染料废水.结果表明:废水的pH值、催化剂二氧化锰投加量、废水初始质量浓度和填料对脱色率均有影响;pH为2~3,二氧化锰投加量为10 g,废水初始质量浓度为35 mg/L时脱色效果较好;铁屑比钢灰更适宜做微电解法的材料.实验为微电解法处理染料废水的应用提供了基础数据.     

重金属捕集剂TDDP的合成及性能研究

以二并哌嗪和二硫化碳为原料合成了一种四基配位重金属捕集剂N,N,N,N-4(二硫代羧基)二并哌嗪(TDDP),并考察了其在不同条件下对含铜锌铅废水处理效果.实验结果表明,处理10 mg/L的含Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)废水,pH值为4～11,n(TDDP)/n(重金属离子)=0.6,反应时间5 min,废水中重金属离子剩余浓度分别为0.35、0.39、0.89 mg/L,达到国家工业污染物排放标准(GB 25466—2010).在混合离子溶液中,酸性条件下TDDP对重金属螯合能力大小排序为:Cu~(2+)Pb~(2+)Cd~(2+)Zn~(2+).     

不同沸石粉对Cu~(2+)的吸附特性试验研究

为了研究沸石粉对重金属铜的吸附效果,采用室内试验方法,选取天然沸石粉、4A沸石粉以及在天然沸石粉的基础上添加粉煤灰经高温焙烧制成的改性沸石粉作为吸附剂对重金属Cu~(2+)进行静态吸附试验,为了对比验证水泥吸附去除Cu~(2+)的能力,添加了水泥作为吸附剂。通过室内静态吸附试验发现,四者吸附Cu~(2+)能力大小为4A沸石粉≈改性沸石粉天然沸石粉水泥;考虑到制备工艺及经济因素,改性沸石粉是吸附去除Cu~(2+)的最佳选择;改性沸石粉去除Cu~(2+)的最佳掺量为2 g:100 mg/L;p H值在5~8之间沸石粉吸附Cu~(2+)的效果较好。     

H2O2预氧化对Fe/C微电解处理油田压裂废水的作用研究

通过对油田压裂废水的系列实验,研究了H2O2预氧化对Fe/C微电解处理油田压裂废水的作用.研究结果表明,H2O2预氧化可显著促进Fe/C微电解处理工艺对压裂废水污染物的降解,提高反应效率,其主要原因在于H2O2预氧化能够降低压裂废水的粘度,提高Fe/C微电解的传质速度,并能利用Fe/C微电解反应中产生的Fe2+以激发氢氧自由基(·OH).研究还对不同浓度压裂废水进行了处理评价,结果指出H2O2/Fe/C反应体系能够有效降低压裂废水中的COD,控制其中的污染物质,该结果对于压裂废水的在实际生产中的合理处理具有指导价值.     

有机多膦酸螯合剂的分析应用——螯合滴定铜的比较研究

本文将某些有机多膦酸螯合剂与 Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cd~(2+)及 Mn~(2+)形成的螯合物的稳定常数,与 EDTA 或 NTA 等氨羧络合剂的相应螯合物的稳定常数进行了比较,发现有机多膦酸螯合剂,特别是氮川三甲撑磷酸(NTMP),是 Cu~(2+)的最优选择螯合滴定剂。用公式 PM+ΔlogK=8判断几种金属离子对螯合滴定铜的干扰程度,与实验结果基本一致。选用的三种不同有机多膦酸,采用铬天青 S 作指示剂,螯合滴定合金或矿石中的铜,可以获得满意的结果。     

光还原络合脱硝液中Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA的实验研究

Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA络合脱硝技术因反应速率快,络合容量大等优点,在烟气脱硝领域获得广泛关注,但在络合吸收NO过程中易被氧化为Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA而失效,限制了其推广应用。通过对光还原络合脱硝液中的Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA进行研究,探究了光还原时间、浓度、pH值、EDTA用量以及尿素浓度对Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA还原效果的影响。结果表明:在N2鼓泡扰动下,Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA浓度为0.01mol/L、pH=2、光还原16min、EDTA和Fe3+的摩尔比为1.2时,还原效果最佳,还原率可达到79%,并且再生液的脱硝率可恢复到100%。同时发现,尿素具有加速Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA还原的作用,当浓度为0.05mol/L时,具有最大的加速效果。     

Synthesis and characteristics of a novel heavy metal ions chelator

Polyacrylamide-urea-sulfanilamide(PUS) was prepared as a novel heavy metal ions chelator and successfully used to simultaneously remove heavy metals from wastewater effluents.The effects of reaction parameters(sodium hydroxide,material ratio,temprature and contact time) were monitored to specify the best synthesis conditions.PUS was chemically characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis).The simultaneous chelation performance of PUS towards selected heavy metals ions,Ni2+,Cu2+,Pb2+,Zn2+,Cd2+ was discussed,showing that Ni2+,Cu2+,Pb2+,Zn2+ could be better chelated.It is indicated that the synthesized PUS is a potential remediation material when used for the treatment of wastewater containing metal ions.     

石灰铝盐法沉淀废水中高浓度氯离子的研究

工业废水中高氯离子使其具有腐蚀性并妨碍水生动植物生长, 破坏生态环境, 在排放之前必须进行氯离子 去除, 达到排放要求。探究了单因素对氯离子去除率的影响, 并讨论了投料比、搅拌时间、静置时间以及体系初始 pH 对去除率影响及交互作用。研究表明: 搅拌速度为400 r/min, n(Al³⁺) : n(Ca^{2+) 为1 : 3.3, 搅拌时间为30 min, 静 置时间为30 min, 废水初始pH 为10 时, 去除效果最佳。应用所得最佳条件对实际水样进行二次去除实验并探讨了 相关影响因素。对实际水样二次氯离子去除实验的最佳工艺条件: 当n(Cl-):n(Al3+) : n(Ca2+) 为1 : 3.6 : 12, 初始溶 液浓度为4 g/L 时, 并且需要在二阶段投加药品前调节体系pH 值至弱碱性, 氯离子去除效率可达95%, 浓度可降到 400 mg/L 以下。通过X 射线洐射分析可知, 沉淀产物为层状结构的弗氏盐[Ca₂Al(OH)₆Cl·2H₂O]。此方法成本低、 无污染, 对高氯废水去除有很好的应用价值。}     

膨润土对废水中Cu2+的吸附性能研究

研究了钙基膨润土和钠基膨润土对废水中铜离子的吸附特性.结果表明,钠基膨润土和钙基膨润土的吸附行为都依赖于溶液的pH值,初始离子浓度和吸附剂用量.在低pH值时主要是H+与Cu2+竞争吸附位.pH值在3到7时基本的吸附机制是离子交换的过程.在高pH值(＞8.3)时,在膨润土颗粒表面形成氢氧化铜的吸附或沉淀.随初始金属离子浓...     

Kinetics of Fe3O4 formation by air oxidation

The kinetics of Fe₃O₄ formation by air oxidation of slightly acidic suspension of Fe(OH)₂ was studied. The effects of initial concentration of Fe(II), temperature, partial pressure of oxygen, air flow rate and stirring rate on the oxidation rate were investigated. The results show that Fe₃O₄ formation is composed of two-step reaction, the first step is the formation of Fe(OH) ₂ ⁺ by oxidation of Fe(OH)⁺ complex ions, the second step is the formation of magnetite by dehydration and deprotonation of Fe(OH)⁺ and Fe(OH) ₂ ⁺ . The oxidation reaction is zero-order with respect to the concentration of Fe(II) and around 0.5-order with respect to partial pressure of oxygen, and oxygen transfer process is rate-limiting step of oxidation reaction with apparent activation energy of 2.74 kJ · mol⁻¹.     

Thermochemical studies of the toxic action of heavy metal ions on<Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> by microcalorimetry

By using an LKB2277, BioActivity Monitor (heat conduction microcalorimeter), stopped-flow method, the thermogenetic curves of Escherichia coli growth at 37°C inhibited by four kinds of heavy metal ions are determined, and parameters such as growth rate constants, inhibitory ratio, half-inhibitory concentration etc. were obtained. The experimental results show that heavy metal ions can inhibit Escherichia coli growth obviously, but low concentration of Cu²⁺ has a promoting action. The half inhibitory concentrations of Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Cu²⁺ are 28.3, 10.9, 3.19 and 69.6 μg. mL⁻¹, respectively. Judged from the rate constant, the half-inhibitory concentration and the molecular mass, the inhibitory sequence is Hg²⁺>Cd²⁺>Zn²⁺>Cu²⁺. This microclorimetric bioassay for acute cellular toxicity is based on metabolic heat evolution from cultured cells. The assay is quantitative, inexpensive, and versatile; moreover, toxicological information can be obtained with cell from other species of interest. Li Xi: Born in 1968 Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (29973030 and 30170010)     

Mechanism of crud formation in copper solvent extraction

The authors investigated the mechanism of crud formation in copper solvent extraction. It is indicated that pH value of solution and the phase ratio (O/A) are the main factors affecting crud formation in solvent extraction. The amount of crud extraction increases with aqueous pH value increase, and reduces with the increase of the phase ratio. Fe3 , Mg2 , fine air bubble and suspended particulates in leaching solution contribute to crud formation. One case is that a series of reactions of hydrolization and polymerization occurs for Fe3 , while pH＞2.5, polyhydric complex or Fe-SO4 complex are formed. Then the complex-ions of FeOH2 , Fe2(OH)4 2 cause poly-reaction, which is likely to lead emulsion. The study on Zeta potential indicates the repulsion between electriferous droplets in solvent extraction prevents phase coalescence, which is one of the major reasons for emulsion.     

Fluorescence detection for H<Subscript>2</Subscript>PO<Subscript>4</Subscript><Superscript>-</Superscript> based on carbon dots/Fe<Superscript>3+</Superscript> composite

A novel fluorescent probe for H₂PO₄ ^- was designed and fabricated based on the carbon dots/Fe³⁺ composite. The carbon dots were synthesized by an established one-pot hydrothermal method and characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, UV-Vis absorption spectrometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The carbon dots/Fe³⁺ composite was obtained by aqueous mixing of carbon dots and FeCl₃, and its fluorescence property was characterized by fluorescence spectrophotometer. The fluorescence of carbon dots was quenched by aqueous Fe³⁺ cations, resulting in the low fluorescence intensity of the carbon dots/Fe³⁺ composite. On the other hand, H₂PO₄ ^- reduced the concentration of Fe³⁺ by chemical reaction and enhanced the fluorescence of the carbon dots/Fe³⁺ composite. The Stern-Volmer equation was introduced to describe the relation between the relative fluorescence intensity of the carbon dots/Fe³⁺ composite and the concentration of H₂PO₄ ^-, and a fine linearity (R ²=0.997) was found in the range of H₂PO₄ ^- concentration of 0.4-12 mM.     

Self-cleaning glass coated with Fe^3＋ -TiO2 thin film

The self-cleaning glass coated with Fe^3 -TiO2 photocatalytic thin film was prepared by sol-gel process from the system Ti(OC4H9),-NH(C2H4OH)2-C2H5OH-H2O containing FeCl3. The microstructure and properties of the film were studied using differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry(DTA-TG), X-ray diffration (XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The transmittance of the self-cleaning glass was measured by using UV-Vis spectrometer. The effects of content of Fe^3 and the thickness of Fe^3 -TiO2 thin film on the photocatalytic ac-tivity were examined. The results show that the photocatalytic thin films are mainly composed of Fe3O4 and TiO2 particles within 10-100 nm. The appropriate amount of Fe^3 is effective for improving the photocatalytic activities of TiO2. The best photocatalytic activity is obtained when the molar ratio of Fe^3 to TiO2 is 0. 005 and the glass is coated with 9 layers.     

Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metal Ions based on Monodisperse Single-crystal Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Microspheres

Single-crystal Fe₃O₄ with monodisperse microspheres structure has been used for individual electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions. Morphology and structure of the as-prepared Fe₃O₄ microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Meanwhile the electrochemical properties of the Fe₃O₄ microspheres modified glass carbon electrodes (GCE) were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the enhanced electrochemical response in stripping voltammetry for individual detection of Pb(II), Hg(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) was evaluated using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). With high specific surface area and excellent catalytic activity toward heavy metal ions, the as-prepared monodisperse and single-crystal Fe₃O₄ microspheres show a preferable sensing sensitivity (22.2 μA/μM) and limit of detection (0.0699 μM) toward Pb(II). Furthermore, the electrochemical sensor of Fe₃O₄ microspheres exhibits excellent stability and it also offers potential practical applicability for the determination of heavy metal ions in real water samples. This study provides a potential simple and low cost iron oxide for the construction of sensitive electrochemical sensors applied to monitor and control the pollution of toxic metal ions.