阿维菌素海藻酸钙微球制备与表征

[目的]制备阿维菌素海藻酸钙微球,并评价其相关性能。[方法]采用内源乳化法制备阿维菌素海藻酸钙微球,以溶胀率、产率为考察指标,结合正交设计试验对微球的制备工艺进行优化,并利用光学显微镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对微球进行了观察和表征。[结果]阿维菌素海藻酸钙微球最佳工艺为海藻酸钠和Span 80的质量浓度均为15 g/L、海藻酸钠与CaCO3质量比3∶1、水油两相体积比为1∶2。所制备的微球外观呈规则球形,载药率和包封率分别达到84.21%和20.16%。体外药物释放试验表明,阿维菌素海藻酸钙微球48 h累计释放率为78.61%。[结论]所制备的阿维菌素海藻酸钙微球具有良好的缓释性,提高了农药的利用率。     

双乳化-凝胶法制备单分散海藻酸钙微球及其载BSA研究

采用双乳化-凝胶法制备了单分散的海藻酸钙凝胶微球,并通过正交试验系统考察了海藻酸钠浓度、氯化钙浓度、表面活性剂浓度、搅拌速度和油水比对海藻酸钙凝胶微球粒径及形貌的影响。在优化的条件下,制备出了平均粒径为4μm、单分散和球形度好的海藻酸钙凝胶微球。包埋模型药物牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的过程中,以去离子水作为洗涤液洗涤海藻酸钙微球时,BSA的包封率仅为13%左右;当水洗液的pH值为3.2时,BSA的包封率提高到66%左右,载药率可达16%,这是海藻酸钙pH值响应溶胀和BSA与海藻酸盐之间静电作用的结果。微球中BSA的体外释放曲线表明,该系统具有在模拟胃液中释药速率慢、释药量低、模拟肠液中释药迅速的特性。因此,双乳化-凝胶法制备海藻酸钙微球有望成为制备蛋白类药物控释制剂的一种新方法,以达到靶向快速给药的目的。     

膨润土对海藻酸钠/壳聚糖凝胶微球性能的影响

为了得到一种对啶虫脒具有高负载率和良好的缓释性能的农药载体,以膨润土作为吸附剂,利用壳聚糖的成膜性,采用挤出外源凝胶法制备了啶虫脒凝胶微球。并通过FTIR、SEM、TG、溶胀实验和释药实验对其结构、形貌和性能进行表征。结果表明,所制得的凝胶微球的粒径为1.42～1.71 mm,膨润土可提高微球粒径与球形度,使啶虫脒的载药率和包封率分别由原来的4.16%和36.36%提升为4.91%和63.01%。壳聚糖与海藻酸钠通过静电作用形成了聚电解质复合物,辅助了钙离子交联,使啶虫脒的载药率和包封率分别由原来的4.16%和36.36%提升为5.23%和54.29%。膨润土表面含有大量的羟基,与海藻酸钠和壳聚糖形成氢键作用,可有效抑制海藻酸钙的大量溶胀,提高其缓释性能。     

羧甲基壳聚糖-蓖麻油基聚氨酯农药缓释微球的制备及性能

以羧甲基壳聚糖（CMCS）、蓖麻油（CO）和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）为原料,自乳化法制备了羧甲基壳聚糖-蓖麻油基聚氨酯微球（CO-CMCS-PU）,通过分子自组装法负载阿维菌素（AVM）得到载药微球（CO-CMCS-PU@AVM）。采用FTIR、1HNMR、SEM、TGA等对产品结构及形貌进行表征,并探究了不同药量载药微球的包封率、缓释性能、抗紫外性能、叶面接触角和黏附性能。结果表明,相比AVM分散液,紫外照射后载药微球中AVM的保留率提高到43%,说明CO-CMCS-PU载体的抗紫外性能良好;载药微球比AVM分散液在黄瓜叶面上的接触角降低了20%以上,滞留量提高了40%以上,说明其在叶面上有较好的黏附性和润湿性;载药微球包封率可达80%以上,具有良好的缓释和pH响应释放性能,释药行为符合First-order动力学模型,药物释放受Fickian扩散控制。     

乳化-溶剂挥发法制备乙基纤维素/萘普生复合微球

以乙基纤维素（EC）为载体材料,萘普生为包埋药物,采用O/W型乳化-溶剂挥发法制备了包封率较高的EC/萘普生复合载药微球,利用正交试验优化制备工艺,得出当EC与萘普生的质量比为3：1,EC用量2.5%,聚乙烯醇用量0.8%,吐温-80用量0.4%时是复合微球的最佳制备工艺,在该工艺条件下药物包封率达到88.97%。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、激光粒度分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对复合微球的形态和结构进行了分析表征。SEM显示复合微球的形态顺滑,激光粒度分析表明复合微球平均粒径为14.014μm,复合微球的FT-IR谱图中既有EC的特征峰,又有萘普生的特征峰,但没有新基团产生,表明EC包覆萘普生过程中未产生新化合物。体外释放实验表明复合微球的累积释药率随溶出介质pH值的增大而增大,在溶出介质pH值为9时,复合微球的累积释药率最大,达到82.5%,缓释性能较好。     

层层自组装载盐酸小檗碱微球的制备及释药性研究

采用离子交联法制备载盐酸小檗碱的海藻酸钙/壳聚糖盐酸盐(ALG-Ca/CHI)模板微球,利用层层自组装技术将羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和CHI逐层络合制得载盐酸小檗碱微球。通过CLSM、FT-IR、SEM、溶胀实验和体外释药实验对载药微球的性能进行研究,结果表明,CMC与CHI通过静电作用形成聚电解质复合物成功包覆在ALG-Ca凝胶表面,微球剖面边缘出现层层膜结构且膜层总厚度约为20.26μm,载盐酸小檗碱ALG-Ca/(CHI/CMC)3微球释药发现,在37℃,pH越高,累计释放率越高。     

毒死蜱/壳聚糖改性凹凸棒土/海藻酸钠微球的制备与缓释性能

采用接枝方法制备了壳聚糖改性凹凸棒土,利用外源挤出法制备了毒死蜱/壳聚糖改性凹凸棒土/海藻酸钠复合微球,利用红外、热重分析和X射线衍射对改性凹凸棒土的结构进行了表征,并研究了改性凹凸棒土对载药微球的载药率、包封率、溶胀性能及缓释性能的影响。结果表明,毒死蜱仍以结晶态存在于复合微球中;壳聚糖改性凹凸棒土复合微球的载药量和包封率均高于相应的酸化凹凸棒土复合微球;加入凹凸棒土降低了载药微球的溶胀率、提高了微球的缓释性能,且壳聚糖改性凹凸棒土在抑制微球溶胀和增强缓释方面优于酸化凹凸棒土;载药微球的释药行为可用HIGUCHI动力学模型来描述。     

PVA-SA复合微球的制备及性能研究

用溶液共混法制备聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠(PVA-SA)复合微球,考察了SA质量分数、PVA质量分数、CaCl2质量分数、m(PVA)/m(SA)和干燥方式对PVA-SA复合微球制备的影响,并测定了微球的含水率、溶胀率、载药量和包封率,通过红外光谱(FTIR)对微球进行了表征,研究了不同m(PVA)/m(SA)的PVA-SA复合微球对药物的缓释作用。结果表明,SA质量分数为6%,PVA质量分数为10%,CaCl2质量分数为5%,m(PVA)/m(SA)为1∶3时,可以制备出各项性能较好的微球,其载药率30.24%,包封率90.11%,并且有良好的缓释效果。     

高岭土的球磨疏水改性及其在海藻酸盐凝胶微球中的应用

为了提高高岭土(KL)对疏水性有机农药的亲和力,以聚甲基氢硅氧烷(PMHS)作为疏水改性剂,采用球磨法改性KL。进而,采用负压冷冻干燥技术将甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(EB)负载到改性高岭土颗粒上,然后包覆于海藻酸盐基质中制得载药改性高岭土/海藻酸钙复合凝胶微球(MKL-CA-CMBs)。通过Zeta电位及激光粒度仪、FTIR、SEM、XRD、比表面积及孔径分析仪对改性后KL的结构、形貌和性能进行了表征,同时对MKL-CACMBs的载药和释药性能也进行了考察。结果表明,在球磨机械力作用下,PMHS以物理吸附或化学吸附的方式吸附于KL颗粒表面。改性后的KL粒径减小、比表面积增大,疏水性增强,利于疏水有机农药的负载,使高岭土/海藻酸钙复合凝胶微球(KL-CA-CMBs)的载药率(DLR)和包封率(EE)分别由6.5%和53.1%增长至9.7%和72.5%。MKL-CA-CMBs所具有的缓释性能主要基于MKL对疏水有机农药的亲和能力,剂型的释放模型属于Non-fickian扩散模型。     

BG微球/PVA/PLGA复合敷料的制备与表征

利用火焰喷球法制备了19Na_2O-17CaO-64B_2O_3(wt%)钠钙硼(BG)玻璃微球,并将其浸泡于磷酸盐溶液中原位生成BG@HA(羟基磷灰石)微球,然后与聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)复合,制备出有一定药物缓释效果的可降解的亲水性复合敷料。复合敷料的失重曲线显示所得敷料可在160h内均匀降解,降解过程中PBS浸泡液pH值较为平稳。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD),红外光谱仪(FTIR)以及场发射环境扫描电镜(SEM)对所得敷料的物相与形貌进行了表征,所得复合敷料中微球相互交联,表面被PLGA覆盖。VB12载药实验结果表明,BG微球/PVA/PLGA复合敷料在70h内具有一定的药物缓释性能,可以用作水溶性药物载体。     

井冈霉素载药二氧化硅空心微球的原位制备及缓释性能评价

利用正硅酸乙酯在W/O乳液中的原位水解聚合,成功制备了包埋井冈霉素的二氧化硅载药空心微球. 对所得产品进行了SEM, XRD, FT-IR和粒径分布等分析,结果表明,载药空心微球粒径分布窄,范围在7.5~15 mm,球状形貌良好,具有空心结构,呈无定型态. 热重分析表明载药空心微球的药物负载量约为31.9%(w),缓释溶出实验显示载药空心微球药物释放持续时间约240 min,最终释放量达总载药量的90%以上.     

“类乒乓球”状壳聚糖微球对环丙沙星的控制释放性能的研究

以甲醛作为交联剂,通过悬浮交联法得到单分散性的微米级微球。采用分光光度法研究了壳聚糖微球对环丙沙星的载药释药性能,考察了环丙沙星初始浓度、pH、微球粒径大小、载药时间及温度对饱和吸附量的影响。结果表明,在初始浓度为200 mg/L,pH为8.80和时间为65 min,温度为37℃的优化条件下,壳聚糖微球对环丙沙星的载药量最大,最大吸附量为325 mg/g。在pH为7.4,温度为37℃的模拟人体肠胃缓冲溶液(NaH2PO4/NaOH)中研究了初始浓度以及释放时间对释放结果的影响。实验表明,环丙沙星在担载时与环丙沙星的初始浓度有关,浓度越大,担载量越大,但是担载效率和浓度之间无确定的线性关系。在环丙沙星释放初期有明显的释放现象,但是随着时间的推移,药物释放逐渐稳定,释药效率可达97%左右。     

Preparation of sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend microspheres for controlled release applications

Sodium alginate (NaAlg)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend microspheres (MS) were prepared by water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion method. These polymer microspheres were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and loaded with metformin hydrochloride (MHC). The microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to confirm the molecular dispersion of the drug, thermal stability, morphological properties, and crystallinity of the polymer matrix before and after blending. SEM of the microspheres suggested the formation of microspheres in spherical structure. Drug release data were analyzed using an empirical equation to understand the nature of drug transport through polymeric matrices. The controlled release (CR) characteristics of the polymer matrices was investigated in pH 7.4 media and from the results it was obtained that the drug was released in controlled manner up to 10 h. The physico-chemical properties of the microspheres were studied by calculating drug entrapment efficiency and drug release kinetics. Percent of encapsulation efficiency (% EE) decreased with increase in crosslinking agent (GA) and PVA content in the microspheres. The optimum % EE (80%) was observed in case of MS containing 40% of PVA with 15% MHC. The release profiles indicate that the release of MHC decreases with increasing the PVA/NaAlg (w/w) and drug/polymer ratio. At the end of 10 h, the highest release of MHC was found to be 96% for MS containing PVA/NaAlg (40 : 60) and 15 wt % drug loaded. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Synthesis of collagen‐modified polylactide and its application in drug delivery

In this article, collagen modified polylactide (CPLA) was synthesized by means of graft modification, and its structure was confirmed by FTIR and FITC‐labeled fluorescence spectra. Subsequently, the performance of CPLA was characterized with hydrophilicity test and degradability test. After that, the aspirin sustained release microspheres of the synthetic copolymers were prepared via the emulsion‐solvent evaporation technique, followed with its measurements of morphology, size, and encapsulation efficiency. Finally, the controlled release properties of the obtained microspheres were investigated. The results showed that the aspirin sustained release microspheres exhibited well‐defined morphology with smooth spherical surface, with average size of 3.990 μm and encapsulation efficiency of 51.83%. Furthermore, compared with aspirin‐loaded PLA microspheres, at the initial 32 h, the drug release was faster for aspirin‐loaded CPLA microspheres favored by its increased hydrophilicity, and then the drug release was slower than that of PLA microspheres because the ? NH₂ group on the introduced collagen inhibited acidic autocatalytic degradation. The results suggested that CPLA showed a great potential as particles for drug delivery. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

明胶微球载药及其体外释放性能研究

以阿司匹林为药物模型分子,制备了载阿司匹林明胶微球。SEM研究表明,明胶微球在载药后,表面结构变得更为紧实。载药性能探讨表明,当阿司匹林的投药量为16mg时,明胶微球的载药性能较优（载药量为7．3％,包封率为57．5％）。对明胶微球在人工体液中的释药性能研究显示,载阿司匹林明胶微球具有良好的缓释性能。由于具有较大的酸性和胃蛋白酶的存在,微球在人工胃液中药物释放效率较高,在人工胃液和人工肠液中药物的释放率分别为40％和28％,且一级动力学模型对微球的体外药物释放情况拟合度较高。     

Amino-Modified Polylactic Acid Nanofibre Microspheres as Drug Sustained Release Carriers for Alendronate

Amino-modified polylactic acid (EPLA) nanofibre microspheres with a high porosity, large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity, and rich in active amino groups were developed for drug delivery applications. Alendronate, a well-known antiresorptive agent, was chosen as a model drug to evaluate the loading capacity and release properties of the prepared EPLA microspheres. SEM micrographs clearly showed that the drug was loaded into the microspheres within the pores between the nanofibers and as well as being adsorbed on their surface. XRD and FTIR spectra analyses also confirmed drug loading. UV/Vis-absorption spectrophotometry was used to study the impact of various parameters, including adsorption time and initial concentration and pH value of the alendronate solution, on the microsphere drug-loading capacity. Under optimum conditions, EPLA microspheres exhibited a high alendronate adsorption capacity of up to 503?mg/g. In vitro release studies showed that alendronate-loaded EPLA nanofibre microspheres exhibited a perfect release performance, with alendronate being released in a sustained manner for approximately 15 days without any obvious initial burst. Therefore, EPLA nanofibre microspheres hold great potential as efficient, controlled release drug delivery carriers of alendronate.     

盐酸米托蒽醌多囊脂质体的制备工艺优化及性能

采用均匀设计优化并制备了平均粒径为58.75 μm的载盐酸米托蒽醌多囊脂质体。该多囊脂质体粒度分布较窄,球形度好。Zeta电位、相变温度及稳定性考察均表明该体系稳定性强,适于药物的释放体系。渗漏率结果表明相对于室温（37 ℃）,冰箱（4 ℃）更有利于载药多囊脂质体的保存。盐酸米托蒽醌平均包封率为90.13%,考察了胆固醇及三油酸甘油酯用量对多囊脂质体药物释放的影响,药物释放符合《药典》规定,无突释效应,且具有较好的体外缓释性能。     

阿维菌素凝胶微球制备及其缓释性能研究

以壳聚糖(CS)和海藻酸钠(ALG)为包封材料,以阿维菌素(AVM)为芯材,采用锐孔法制备了阿维菌素-海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微球,考察了海藻酸钠质量分数、壳聚糖质量分数、氯化钙质量分数和芯壁体积比(质量分数1%的阿维菌素乳液与质量分数3%海藻酸钠溶液的体积比)对微球形态及包埋率的影响,利用SEM、FTIR等对微球结构及性质进行了表征,并考察了其在土壤中的缓释性能和释药机制。结果表明,经优化的制备条件为:海藻酸钠、壳聚糖及氯化钙的质量分数分别为3%、0.6%及5%,芯壁体积比为1∶2,制备的载药微球形状规整,成球性良好,粒径约0.7 mm,载药量31.65%,包埋率83.81%;红外光谱分析显示,芯壁材料之间除氢键外,没有发生化学作用。所制备的阿维菌素微球在土壤中具有缓释特性,42 h累积释药率达到82.06%,之后药物释放减缓。药物释放特性符合Riger-Peppas模型,释放机理为Fick扩散。     

Preparation of injectable paclitaxel sustained release microspheres by spray drying for inhibition of glioma in vitro

The major aim of this work was to prepare injectable paclitaxel‐loaded poly(D ,L ‐lactide) microspheres for the inhibition of brain glioma. Paclitaxel‐loaded PLA microspheres were prepared by spray drying method employing ethyl acetate as solvent. And the microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphology and differential scanning calorimetry for thermal analysis. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and in vitro release profiles of paclitaxel‐loaded microspheres were determined by using ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The results showed that the microspheres possess a narrow size distribution with the average diameter of 4.6 μm. The surface of the microspheres was smooth, and the paclitaxel dispersed in microspheres in amorphous state. The solvent residue was 0.03%, and the EE reaches ～ 90%. The microspheres exhibited a sustained release behavior, and the release period last for at least three months, depending on the EE of the microspheres. The γ irradiation sterilization had little effect on the EE and drug release in vitro. Compared with the commercial formulation, the sustained release microsphere showed a stronger inhibition on the tumor cells, suggesting the potential application of long‐term delivery of paclitaxel‐loaded PLA microspheres in clinic tumor therapy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010