HDI三聚体改性聚氨酯水分散体的合成与性能

采用己二异氰酸酯(HDI)三聚体(HT)合成交联改性聚氨酯水分散体(HPUD),考察了HT添加量对HPUD涂膜的耐水性、耐溶剂性、表干时间、硬度、光泽以及交联度的影响。通过粒径分布仪、热重分析仪(TGA)和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分别对HPUD乳液贮存过程中粒径的变化、涂膜热稳定性与分子结构进行表征,结果发现,引入质量分数5%～10%的HT可提高聚氨酯涂膜的表干速率和交联度,当w(HT)=10%时,HPUD涂膜具有最佳的综合性能,涂膜表干时间为45min,交联度为80%,吸醇率为78%,吸水率为7%。同时还发现,HPUD涂膜硬度上升速率较快,但最终硬度较未改性聚氨酯水分散体(PUD)有所降低;粒径分析表明,当w(HT)≥20%时,HPUD贮存过程中乳液粒径增大,贮存稳定性下降;TGA分析表明,HPUD涂膜具有较好的热稳定性。     

有机硅改性双组分水性聚氨酯的制备与性能

采用端羟丙基聚硅氧烷(DHPDMS)为改性剂,以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚丙二醇(PPG)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)以及三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为主要原料,通过预聚体法制备了聚氨酯多元醇水分散体系(SiHPUA),并与亲水改性多异氰酸酯固化剂配制成有机硅改性双组分水性聚氨酯(Si-2KWPU)。利用FTIR、1HNMR、XRD与TGA分别对聚合物结构与性能进行表征,研究了有机硅含量对多元醇水分散体和2KWPU涂膜性能的影响。结果表明,随着有机硅含量的增加,聚氨酯多元醇水分散体的粒径增大,黏度降低,涂膜的吸水率和拉伸强度下降,接触角和断裂伸长率升高。当体系中有机硅质量分数为5%时,涂膜的综合性能最佳,吸水率和接触角分别为6.2%、94.96°;热分解温度为272℃时,质量损失为5%。     

聚氨酯水分散体结构分析

实验室合成了聚氨酯水分散体。通过测定分散体的粒径及分布，以及涂膜的红外光谱（IR）及差示扫描量热法（DSC）表征表明：该水分散体系处于胶体状态，涂膜的化学结构中存在氢键行为，使其处于微相分离状态。     

纳米SiO_2改性磺/羧酸混合型水性聚氨酯杂化乳液的制备与研究

用自制的新型纳米SiO_2聚酯二醇分散体,制备了一系列纳米SiO_2改性的磺/羧酸混合型水性聚氨酯(WPU)杂化乳液;以傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、粒径分析仪、电子拉力机、热重分析仪等仪器分析进行表征。研究发现,随着纳米SiO_2分散体含量的增加,乳液由乳白变为浑浊,涂膜的硬度增加,吸水率明显降低;当纳米SiO_2质量占预聚体总量的2%时,涂膜铅笔硬度达到了H,吸水率降低至7.9%,拉伸强度达到20 MPa;硬段的分解温度达到330℃,软段的分解温度为400℃,涂膜热稳定性相对较好。     

阴离子型水性聚氨酯和阳离子型水性聚氨酯的合成及分析

以甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）和聚酯二醇等为基本原料,在NCO／OH比例及反应物量相同的情况下,分别合成了阴离子型水性聚氨酯和阳离子型水性聚氨酯。对它们进行了红外光谱分析、热重分析、粒径分析、吸水率测定和力学测试。结果表明：合成的阴离子水性聚氨酯无残余的-NCO,粒径、吸水率小于阳离子型水性聚氨酯,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率大于阳离子型水性聚氨酯,耐水性强于阳离子型水性聚氨酯。     

UV固化水性含氟聚氨酯的制备及其性能研究

选用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚酯多元醇（PCDL）、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）、甲基丙烯 酸羟乙酯（HEMA）、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯（PETA）、三乙胺（TEA）、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯（DFHMA）为 主要原料合成了一种UV固化水性含氟聚氨酯。采用FT-IR、1H NMR、光学接触角测量仪、粒度分析 仪、热重分析仪、电子拉力机等对涂膜的结构与性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明:随着甲基丙烯酸 十二氟庚酯的加入,乳液粒径变大,分布变宽,涂膜接触角明显变大,吸水率明显降低,热稳定性有所 提升,拉伸强度变大。当甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯添加量为6%时,涂膜综合性能最好。     

聚氨酯改性环氧富锌防腐涂料的制备

通过正交实验法,以涂膜的吸水率为依据,确定了制备聚氨酯改性环氧共聚物时,聚氨酯的最佳用量,适当的反应时间和反应温度,固化剂的最佳添加量;并通过浸泡腐蚀失重法,确定了锌粉的最佳含量。对涂膜进行了红外光谱、极化曲线和扫描电镜分析,对比检测了未改性环氧富锌防腐涂料、聚氨酯改性环氧富锌防腐涂料的各方面性能。结果表明,聚氨酯改性环氧富锌防腐涂料具有较高的机械强度、低吸水率、良好的附着力和耐化学腐蚀性能。     

无皂核壳蓖麻油基聚氨酯/聚氟化丙烯酸酯杂化乳液

以蓖麻油、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和三乙胺(TEA)为原料合成了具有表面活性的蓖麻油基聚氨酯水分散体(CPU),然后在CPU中进行含氟丙烯酸酯的无皂乳液聚合,制备了以蓖麻油基聚氨酯为壳、聚氟化丙烯酸酯为核的无皂核壳含氟聚氨酯丙烯酸酯杂化乳液(FCPUA)。采用透射电镜(TEM)确认了杂化乳液的结构,用红外光谱(IR)、热重分析(TGA)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、能谱分析(EDS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角和吸水率测试对杂化乳液和乳胶膜的性能进行了表征。结果表明,与蓖麻油基聚氨酯相比,合成的FCPUA杂化膜的热稳定性更高,硬度为6H,吸水率为5%,与水的接触角为96.5°,但附着力较差,断裂伸长率较低。     

聚醛改性羧酸/非离子型聚氨酯水分散体的合成与性能

采用二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和聚氧乙烯醚(YmerTM N120)为复合亲水单体,以聚醛树脂(A81)、聚醚二元醇(N220)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为原料合成了聚醛改性羧酸/非离子型聚氨酯水分散体(PUD),研究了DMPA/N120质量比、A81添加量和NCO/OH摩尔比对PUD及涂膜性能的影响。研究发现添加A81可提高PUD涂膜的硬度、光泽和耐化学品性,特别是耐醇性能;当A81添加量为5%,DMPA与N120质量比0.4,NCO与OH摩尔比为1.5时合成的PUD涂膜具有较好的耐水、耐化学品性和较高的硬度。热重分析(TGA)发现A81改性PUD涂膜具有优异的热稳定性。与未改性的PUD对比发现,经A81改性后的PUD拥有良好的综合性能。     

纳米SiO2改性醇溶性蓖麻油-聚氨酯树脂的制备与表征

利用端氨基偶联剂KH-550对纳米SiO2进行表面改性,在超声场作用下制备疏水性纳米SiO2粒子,并将其均匀分散到蓖麻油(CO)-聚氨酯溶液,通过红外光谱(IR)、热重分析(TGA)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试方法,探讨醇溶性聚氨酯的热稳定性、铅笔硬度和胶膜力学性能等。红外分析表明,PU大分子和纳米SiO2之间形成化学键,形成了Si—O—Si结构。当蓖麻油添加量为多元醇总质量的10%时,拉伸强度由原来的6.8 MPa增加到16.2 MPa,吸水率降低至原来的1/2。纳米SiO2颗粒掺杂量由0%增加到2%时,PU涂膜的失重速率最高点温度由原来的345℃提高至369℃,热分解温度也有所提高。涂膜热重曲线出现右移。     

锶磷化膜镁基疏水膜层的构筑及其抗腐蚀性能研究

以含十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷的无水乙醇溶液作为疏水处理液,对已覆盖锶磷化膜的镁合金样品涂层进行改性。采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、静态接触角测试等方法对疏水膜层的形貌、组成及接触角等性质进行表征。采用电化学阻抗谱和动电位极化曲线对疏水膜层的耐腐蚀性能进行测定。改性后的疏水表面静态接触角值随着浸泡时间的延长而增大,其膜层表面的锶、磷和氧元素含量降低而碳元素含量大大增加,同时也新增了硅元素。随着浸泡时间的推移,疏水性表面的耐腐蚀性有了显著的提高。     

Inhibition of steel corrosion by potentiodynamic deposition of poly(N-methyl carbazole)

Poly(N-methyl carbazole) (PNMeCz) coating was deposited on 304 type stainless steel (SS) by electropolymerization of N-methyl carbazole monomer in tetrabutylammonium perchlorate containing acetonitrile solution using cyclic voltammetry. PNMeCz coating was characterized by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thickness, conductivity, and contact angle measurements. Corrosion performance of the polymer-coated steel electrodes was investigated in 1 M H₂SO₄ solution using open circuit potential–time (E_ocp–t) curves, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. PNMeCz coating was found to provide anodic protection to the substrate and significantly reduce the corrosion rate of SS in acidic medium.     

室温自交联型阳离子水性聚氨酯的合成与表征

通过自乳化法,分别以3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷与N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)为封闭剂与亲水扩链剂,自制N-(1,1-二甲基-2-乙酰基)乙基]-β-二羟乙氨基丙酰胺(DDP),异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚己内酯二醇、双酚A、ADH为基本原料制备出室温自交联型阳离子聚氨酯纳米水分散液(CBPU)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、动态激光光散射(DLS)、透射电镜(TEM)对CBPU分子结构、乳液粒径与分布及乳胶粒形态进行了研究,研究了封闭率对涂膜表面水接触角及力学性能的影响。结果表明,产物分子结构中出现了叔胺基、Si—O—Si和氨基甲酸酯结构;乳液粒径随封闭率的增加而增加;乳胶粒粒径均一,呈规则的球形结构;增加CBPU封闭率,能提高涂膜的耐水性及力学性能。当CBPU封闭率为15%时,乳液粒径、涂膜水接触角及拉伸强度分别为80.86 nm、83°及23.4 MPa。     

Improving the hydrophobic,water barrier and crystallization properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by incorporating monodisperse SiO2 particles

This paper details an improvement in the properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with respect to its use in petroleum engineering by incorporating uniform (monodisperse; 35 to 380 nm) silica (SiO₂) particles and polystyrene? SiO₂ core–shell particles by melt mixing. The resulting high‐performance nanocomposite (SNPET) films are presented. The results of contact angle and water absorption tests showed that the contact angle of the amorphous SNPET films increased from 72° to 118.5° as the core–shell particle load increased from 0 to 6.0 wt%. The contact angle reached 128.0° when the films were annealed. Decreasing the SiO₂ particle size demonstrably improved the SNPET film hydrophobicity and lowered the water diffusion coefficient, i.e. SiO₂ particles of 35 nm in size gave the greatest enhancement of water barrier properties. Results of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and optical measurements showed the homogeneous particle dispersion and nanostructure in the SNPET films. Their transparency and haziness increased as the particle size decreased. Use of such core–shell structures meant that the uniform (monodisperse) SiO₂ particles could be dispersed homogeneously in PET, and effectively improved the surface, thermal and crystallization behavior of SNPET films to produce materials with high barrier stability against water. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Corrosion behavior of super-hydrophobic surface on copper in seawater

A novel super-hydrophobic film was prepared by myristic acid (n-tetradecanoic) chemically adsorbed onto the copper wafer. The film formation and its structure were characterized by means of water contact angle measurement, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The static contact angle for water on the surface of this organic film was measured to be as high as 158°. The formation of a composite interface composed of the flower-like surface nanostructures, water droplet and air trapped in the crevices was suggested to be responsible for the superior water-repellent property. The corrosion behavior of the super-hydrophobic surface was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Due to the ‘air valleys’ and ‘capillarity’ effects, the corrosion resistance of the material was improved remarkably.     

Unique alkyl ketene dimer Pickering‐based dispersions: Preparation and application to paper sizing

Herein, particle‐stabilized alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) dispersions were prepared using dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC)‐modified laponite as the stabilizer, and sodium alginate (SA) as the protective colloid. The modification of laponite particles with DTAC, which was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction technique, moderately decreases the negative zeta potential and causes the dehydration of laponite particles. Consequently, the modification of laponite promotes the absorption of laponite particles on AKD droplets/spherical particle surfaces, leading to formation of AKD dispersions with reduced particle size and enhanced uniformity when DTAC‐to‐laponite mass ratio is <1%. Meanwhile, SA significantly increases the stability of the AKD dispersions and provides stable AKD dispersions with smaller particles when SA‐to‐AKD mass ratio is <0.08%. By means of confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscope imaging and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)/EDS mapping, the function of DTAC‐modified laponite particles in stabilization of AKD dispersions was found to include both formation of a particle barrier around AKD particles and an increase in the moving resistance of AKD particles by laponite particles with SA. AKD dispersions at a DTAC‐to‐laponite mass ratio 1.0% and SA‐to‐AKD mass ratio 0.054% provide the smallest droplet size and best sizing performance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45730.     

氟碳-纳米自清洁粉末涂料的制备

采用自制的全氟聚醚聚酯树脂与活性纳米Al2O3微粒,制备出F-C纳米自清洁粉末复合涂料。经扫描电镜、接触角测试仪等测定,涂层表面呈F元素的纳米微观结构,接触角大于150°。实验表明,这种F-C纳米自清洁涂料具有超强的耐候性、抗强碱性及明显的超疏水性。     

改性二氧化硅／环氧树脂体系的制备

用带不饱和双键的硅烷偶联剂与SiO2表面的羟基反应导入双键，进而加入有机单体丙烯酸缩水甘油醚进行自由基共聚，达到了对SiO2表面的复合改性。根据改性前后SiO2表面的接触角、含水率、吸油值的测定结果，表明复合改性后SiO2的憎水性和亲油性得到改善；把改性前后的SiO2样品与环氧树脂混合固化，测试了复合材料的力学性能，发现改性SiO2复合材料的拉伸强度增加了35％，弯曲强度增加了42％；同时用SEM对复合材料的断面观察发现：改性SiO2颗粒与环氧树脂问无明显的界面，其亲合性优于未改性SiO2。     

Poly(o-ethylaniline) coatings for stainless steel protection

The poly(o-ethylaniline) coatings were electrochemically synthesized on 304-stainless steel by using cyclic voltammetry from an aqueous salicylate medium. Cyclic voltammetry, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize these coatings, which indicates that the aqueous salicylate solution is a suitable medium for the electrochemical polymerization of o-ethyaniline on 304-stainless steel. The performance of poly(o-ethylaniline) as protective coating against corrosion of 304-stainless steel in aqueous 3% NaCl was evaluated by the open circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization technique, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results of the potentiodynamic polarization and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization demonstrate that the poly(o-ethylaniline) coating provides excellent protection to both localized and general corrosion of 304-stainless steel. The corrosion potential was about 0.190 V more positive in aqueous 3% NaCl for the poly(o-ethylaniline) coated steel than that of bare steel and reduces the corrosion rate of steel almost by a factor of 20.     

Corrosion protective poly(o-ethoxyaniline) coatings on copper

Poly(o-ethoxyaniline) (POEA) coatings were synthesized on copper (Cu) by electrochemical polymerization of o-ethoxyaniline in aqueous salicylate solution by using cyclic voltammetry. These coatings were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The performance of POEA as protective coating against corrosion of Cu in aqueous 3% NaCl was assessed by the potentiodynamic polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results of the potentiodynamic polarization and EIS studies demonstrate that the POEA coating has ability to protect the Cu against corrosion. The corrosion potential was about 0.330 V versus SCE more positive in aqueous 3% NaCl for the POEA coated Cu than that of uncoated Cu and reduces the corrosion rate of Cu almost by a factor of 140.