黄铁矿浮选的抑制与解抑活化研究进展

黄铁矿浮选问题是金属矿、煤矿以及某些非金属矿等开发利用过程中通常需要面临的问题,其浮选的抑制、解抑活化以及影响其浮选行为的一些因素一直是矿物加工领域的研究热点。本文分析了矿物学因素、难免离子和伽伐尼电偶作用对黄铁矿的浮选行为的影响,着重从浮选药剂与矿物的作用机理方面综述了黄铁矿的抑制与解抑活化;黄铁矿与不同种类的抑制剂作用后通过生成亲水膜、阻止黄药氧化、占据黄铁矿表面捕收剂能作用的活性位点、生成络合物以及多糖、蛋白质等微生物细菌胞外分泌物的吸附等作用对黄铁矿产生抑制作用;高碱环境下常用酸和盐类活化剂对受抑黄铁矿表面的亲水膜溶解进行活化,实现黄铁矿的回收利用。分析认为目前对矿物内部和矿浆的复杂环境研究仍不到位,应通过现代分析测试手段和计算机技术加强研究;黄铁矿不仅仅作为一种矿物资源,黄铁矿等环境矿物在环保领域的研究应用对缓解经济发展与环境保护的矛盾起着至关重要的作用。     

硫化矿捕收剂的研究进展

综述了硫化矿捕收剂的合成及浮选应用,混合捕收剂与组合用药的应用现状,捕收剂在硫化矿表面的作用机理。研究捕收剂分子结构和它们与矿物表面的作用机理,为硫化矿物新药剂的分子设计、开发与应用提供了理论指导。     

硫化矿捕收剂的研究进展

综述了硫化矿捕收剂的合成及浮选应用,混合捕收剂与组合用药的应用现状,捕收剂在硫化矿表面的作用机理。研究捕收剂分子结构和它们与矿物表面的作用机理,为硫化矿物新药剂的分子设计、开发与应用提供了理论指导。     

磷酸乙二胺对硅孔雀石浮选的影响

以硅孔雀石单矿物为研究对象,通过单矿物浮选试验、溶解试验、硫残余量试验及SEM-EDS分析研究了磷酸乙二胺对硅孔雀石浮游特性的影响及其作用机理.浮选试验结果表明适量的磷酸乙二胺对硅孔雀石浮选效果很好.通过SEM-EDS分析结果表明磷酸乙二胺在硅孔雀石表面并未发生吸附,其作用类似于"催化剂",为后续硫化钠对硅孔雀石表面的硫化提供了更具有反应活性的矿物表面.而磷酸乙二胺对硅孔雀石的抑制作用发生在溶液中,而非硅孔雀石表面.     

非硫化矿捕收剂的研究进展

综述了非硫化矿捕收剂的合成及应用现状,以及捕收剂在矿物表面的作用机理,重点介绍了羟肟酸和阳离子反浮选捕收剂的应用。研究捕收剂与矿物表面的作用机理,为非硫化矿新药剂的开发和应用提供理论指导。     

铁粉硫化产物氧化自燃性研究

模拟含硫油品储罐硫腐蚀铁生成硫铁化物的过程,对生成硫铁化物的氧化自燃性进行研究,考察了铁粉含水量、硫化反应时间及蓄热条件对硫化反应产物自然氧化升温的影响,通过氧化升温速率和最高温度值评价其氧化自燃性。结果表明,硫化反应产物能自然氧化升温,并且在最高氧化升温处极易形成温度平台区;随着硫化反应时间的延长,硫化反应产物初期自然氧化升温速率增加,当硫化反应时间超过6 h后,再延长硫化时间对其初期氧化升温速率影响不大;铁粉试样的含水量对硫化反应产物的自燃性有重要影响,干燥铁粉试样的硫化反应产物自燃性低,铁粉试样中的适量水可以增加硫化反应产物的自燃性;蓄热条件好,反应放出的热量散失少,硫化反应产物的自燃性高。     

铁粉硫化产物氧化自燃性研究

模拟含硫油品储罐硫腐蚀铁生成硫铁化物的过程,对生成硫铁化物的氧化自燃性进行研究,考察了铁粉含水量、硫化反应时间及蓄热条件对硫化反应产物自然氧化升温的影响,通过氧化升温速率和最高温度值评价其氧化自燃性。结果表明,硫化反应产物能自然氧化升温,并且在最高氧化升温处极易形成温度平台区;随着硫化反应时间的延长,硫化反应产物初期自然氧化升温速率增加,当硫化反应时间超过6 h后,再延长硫化时间对其初期氧化升温速率影响不大;铁粉试样的含水量对硫化反应产物的自燃性有重要影响,干燥铁粉试样的硫化反应产物自燃性低,铁粉试样中的适量水可以增加硫化反应产物的自燃性;蓄热条件好,反应放出的热量散失少,硫化反应产物的自燃性高。     

助交联剂对三元乙丙橡胶过氧化物硫化的影响

分别采用三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)以及高乙烯基聚丁二烯(HVPBd)作为过氧化物硫化三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)的助交联剂,研究其对EPDM胶料硫化特性及硫化胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,3种助交联剂的添加能明显促进硫化程度,硫化胶的硬度和定伸应力均明显提高,添加TAIC的EPDM混炼胶硫化程度最高,但添加TMPTMA使胶料的焦烧安全性变差,而添加HVPBd的EPDM胶料降解程度最低。通过一级动力学模型及自催化反应模型研究EPDM硫化动力学行为时发现,助交联剂类型影响胶料的硫化反应速率,其中TMPTMA能明显促进硫化反应速率,TAIC次之,而HVPBd几乎没有影响,但硫化反应表观活化能由于助交联剂的添加均出现降低,其中添加TAIC胶料的表观活化能最低。     

白炭黑表面接枝乙烯基改性及其对硅橡胶硫化性能的影响

通过溶胶–凝胶法制备出乙烯基官能化的白炭黑,研究了其对甲基乙烯基硅橡胶硫化特性的影响,采用红外光谱研究了乙烯基接枝前后白炭黑的结构,采用动态热机械分析仪和差示扫描量热仪研究了乙烯基官能化白炭黑对硅橡胶硫化特性的影响。结果表明:乙烯基官能团成功接枝到白炭黑的表面;白炭黑表面的乙烯基参与了硅橡胶热硫化过程中的交联反应并增强了白炭黑与硅橡胶间的相互作用;白炭黑表面的乙烯基能够加快硅橡胶热硫化反应中第1阶段的反应速率,且当硫化温度为120℃时,其硫化速率常数为0.527;对于添加乙烯官能化白炭黑的硅橡胶,其硫化温度选择120℃较为适宜。     

硼镁石和蛇纹石的电动性质和可浮性

我国辽吉地区蕴藏大量的内生硼矿床,其中有相当一部分矿石类型为硼镁石矿。其主要组成矿物为硼镁石和蛇纹石,两者合计约占矿石中矿物总量的80～90％以上。 硼镁石与蛇纹石同其它氧化矿物和硅酸盐矿物相比,有较弱的亲水性,因此具有较高的自然可浮性,研究硼镁石与蛇纹石的表面性质和可浮性,对分离这两种矿物以及综合利用硼镁石型矿石具有重要意义。本文通过对硼镁石和蛇纹石电动性质的研究,讨论两种矿物的表面特性,浮选药剂与矿物表面作用机理及它们同矿物可浮性的关系。     

Mechanochemical sulfidization of a mixed oxide-sulphide copper ore by co-grinding with sulfur and its effect on the flotation efficiency

Mechanochemical sulfidization of a mixed sulfide/oxide copper ore by co-grinding with sulfur and additives including Mg(NO₃)₂ and Fe(NO₃)₃ salts and iron, aluminum and magnesium powders was investigated for the first time. Also, the influence of sulfidization during the wet-milling process was examined on the separation efficiency and recovery of copper in detail. The results demonstrated that co-grinding with sulfur solely had the best flotation performance at the value of 0.5 wt.% and it was attributed to the possible existence of S-O bonding on copper oxides surfaces. In addition, adding magnesium nitrate salt, magnesium powder, iron nitrate salt and aluminum powder as additive associated with 0.5 wt% sulfur into ball milling caused the flotation improvement at the amounts of 0.2 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 0.5 wt%, respectively. Also, the effect of grinding time and sulfidization pH with 0.5 wt% sulfur solely was determined and pHs of 7.5 to 8.5 gave the best results. The highest recovery (75.76%) and separation efficiency (63.44%) were achieved at pH of 7.5 and 8.5, respectively.     

从云南某高硫铅锌矿尾矿中综合回收锌的试验研究

云南某高硫铅锌矿尾矿平均含Pb 0.84％、Zn 3.67％,综合回收价值较高,其中含铅矿物主要为方铅矿和白铅矿,含锌矿物主要为闪锌矿和菱锌矿.实验室选矿试验研究表明,采用"硫化矿优先浮选-浮硫尾矿脱泥-氧化锌浮选"工艺可较好地实现尾矿中有价矿物的高效回收,进一步研究发现在氧化锌浮选过程中,粗选和扫选分别采用不同碳链长...     

Some aspects of the electrochemistry of the flotation of pyrrhotite

The iron sulfide mineral, pyrrhotite (Fe_(1–x)S), has long been known to be more difficult to recover by flotation from alkaline slurries than many other base metal sulfide minerals. This paper summarizes the results of an electrochemical study of the surface reactions that occur during the flotation of nickeliferous pyrrhotite in the recovery of nickel and the platinum group metals. Mixed potential measurements conducted with natural pyrrhotite electrodes in various stages of an operating flotation plant showed that the mineral potential is positive to the equilibrium potential of the xanthate/dixanthogen couple. Similar results were obtained during batch flotation experiments and in synthetic solutions in the laboratory. Cyclic voltammetric and potentiostatic current/time transient experiments were used to investigate the oxidation of pyrrhotite under various conditions. In addition, the reduction of oxygen, the reaction of copper ions and the oxidation of xanthate ions at the mineral surface were investigated. The formation of dixanthogen on pyrrhotite surfaces is thermodynamically favourable in plant flotation slurries. However the interaction with xanthate at pH values above 7 is inhibited by a surface species formed during the conditioning prior to xanthate addition. In acidic solutions copper ions react readily with pyrrhotite to form a species, possibly CuS that can be oxidized at potentials above 0.4 V. At pH 9 this species does not form and there is no electrochemical reaction between pyrrhotite and copper ions. The beneficial effects of copper ions to flotation performance appear to be related to an enhancement of the oxidation of xanthate.     

Microcalorimetric Investigation of the Interaction of Carbon Monoxide with Coprecipitated Cupric Oxide—Zinc Oxide Catalysts in Well-Defined Oxidation States

Carbon monoxide is readily adsorbed onto copper—zinc systems of different copper content. The adsorptive capacity, the heat and the kinetics of the interaction depend upon the oxidation state of the sample. The prevailing interaction on fully reduced samples is adsorption of carbon monoxide on copper metal, whereas in the case of partially oxidized samples and in that of cupric oxide—zinc oxide obtained by calcination of the precursor, redox reactions occur involving reduction of the surface, in parallel with the coordination of carbon monoxide on copper centres in various oxidation states. The heat of coordination of carbon monoxide onto copper (O) and copper (I) centres is in the range 66–43 kJ/mol and 110–66 kJ/mol respectively. The assignments have been made on the basis of the correspondence between carbonyl IR frequencies and heat of adsorption. Quantitative data on adsorption are also discussed in terms of the effect of the dispersion of the active phase and the role of the zinc oxide matrix.     

闪锌矿浮选的活化与去活化研究进展

重点综述了闪锌矿活化与去活化的研究进展,讨论了闪锌矿活化离子的来源,指出闪锌矿活化受矿浆电位、pH值、活化剂浓度和晶格缺陷等因素影响,铜氨络离子对闪锌矿及铁闪锌矿具有良好的活化效果,能降低选矿药剂成本,改善锌精矿质量;去活化作用通过清除闪锌矿表面活化层或在其表面生成亲水薄膜实现;从回水利用、矿物的内外部环境和新药剂等方面预测了多金属硫化矿石的选矿理论与实践的发展方向.     

云南某含锡多金属硫化矿选矿实验研究

对云南某含锡多金属硫化矿进行了工艺矿物学和选矿实验研究. 结果表明,矿石中铅锌品位低,铅、锌矿物相互交代、包裹,嵌布粒度不均匀,采用优先浮铅、再选锌的原则流程,利用铅矿物与锌、硫矿物间可浮性差异较大的特点,采用石灰、亚硫酸钠和硫酸锌抑制锌、硫,以乙基黄药为铅捕收剂优先浮选铅矿物,选铅尾矿用硫酸铜作活化剂活化闪锌矿选锌;锡矿物与黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿等矿物共生关系复杂,且嵌布粒度较细,选锌尾矿经脱硫浮选后采用重磁联合流程回收锡矿物. 通过闭路实验,得到含铅40.92%、银1610.53 g/t、铅回收率81.25%、银回收率77.03%的铅精矿,锌精矿含锌43.23%、回收率为85.92%,硫精矿含硫42.57%,作业回收率为87.65%,锡精矿含锡42.38%,作业回收率为59.29%.     

晶体化学在氧化铜矿物浮选中的应用研究进展

晶体化学是矿物分选的重要理论基础之一,在矿物浮选领域中发挥着重要作用. 本工作总结了晶体化学的研究内容及其在氧化铜矿物浮选中的应用,介绍了氧化铜矿物晶体结构特征、表面特性及可浮性研究现状,综述了晶体化学在氧化铜矿物浮选药剂作用机理研究及浮选条件控制等方面的应用,指出了晶体化学在矿物浮选中的应用研究方向.     

Continuous Precipitate Flotation of CuS/ZnS

Abstract

The precipitate flotation of copper and zinc as sulfides in dilute aqueous solutions (50-250 ppm metal ion concentration) was investigated in the laboratory in continuous flow. The dispersed-air flotation technique was followed, leading to a selective recovery of copper sulfide of the order of 95% in a high acidic pH region (of 1.7) by a laurylamine ethanolic solution as collector and with the addition of cetyl-pyridinium chloride as frother. The precipitate flotation of zinc sulfide was then accomplished with the same method at pH 5.0 as a second separation stage (in the presence of minor amounts of copper).     

Metal ion separation and recovery from environmental sources using various flotation and sorption techniques

Flotation is a gravity separation process that originated from processing of minerals, and has nowadays found wide application, for instance, in industrial waste‐water treatment. It is also useful in the concentration of a variety of dissolved chemical species often following a sorption process. The present review paper focuses on the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The process mechanisms involved are either sorptive flotation where metal bonding agents, including biosorbents, are added and the subsequent complexes are separated downstream by flotation or other conventional flotation techniques, such as ion flotation are used. In the laboratory experiments described in this paper, zinc has been used as an example, but in addition copper, nickel, arsenic, etc. are considered. A new hybrid flotation–microfiltration cell is also introduced. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

云南某富银锌精矿锌银浮选分离实验研究

云南某富银锌精矿中银主要以类质同象形式存在于白铅矿中,本工作以该矿样为研究对象,根据其性质,采用抑铅浮锌的工艺流程进行浮选,考察了磨矿细度、抑制剂、活化剂及捕收剂等因素对浮选分离指标的影响。结果表明,–19+10 μm粒级中银含量最高。在磨矿细度–74 μm占90%,硅酸钠用量为2000 g/t,硫酸铜用量为200 g/t,丁基黄药用量为300 g/t,松醇油用量为30 g/t的条件下,1次粗选、1次精选、1次扫选,中矿顺序返回的全流程闭路实验,可获得含锌61.08%,回收率95.89%的锌精矿和含银1548.32 g/t,回收率为71.17%的银精矿,实现了锌银的浮选分离及伴生银的高效富集。