共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
油砂是一种储量巨大的非常规石油资源,油砂热解技术具有良好的工业化前景。本文概述了油砂热解的相关基础研究进展,包括油砂热解的3个阶段、气液固三相产物的性质及多种油砂热解动力学模型的总结。分析了常压干馏、惰性气体保护热解、加氢热解、减压热解及复合热解工艺,简述了不同工艺对产品收率和产品性质等方面的影响。回顾了油砂热解的装置,从固定床、旋转干馏炉、流化床干馏炉到Alberta Taciuk Process (ATP) 装置,重点介绍了具有不同载热方式和能量回收方式的旋转干馏炉和流化床干馏炉。从能源利用效率的角度分析对比了各种热解工艺和热解设备的优势与劣势,阐明了降低能耗提高能源效率是热解技术的主要问题,进而提出了旋转干馏炉和流化床干馏炉具有更好的工业前景。 相似文献
6.
油砂资源现状及其开采分离方法浅谈 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
世界油砂矿藏主要沿环太平洋带和阿尔卑斯带展布,目前大约95%所探明的油砂矿藏分布于加拿大、委内瑞拉及美国。油砂的可采资源量约为6510亿桶,占世界石油可采总量的近三分之一。露天开采的油砂要经过油砂分离,沥青改质和废物处理三个环节。其中油砂分离包括热碱水法、溶剂萃取法以及干馏法等。 相似文献
7.
开发了一种水辅助溶剂法从油砂中提取沥青的技术。该方法通过在油砂固相与有机溶剂间介入水层提取油砂中的沥青。以内蒙古扎赉特旗油砂矿为研究对象,考察了温度、剂砂质量比、提取时间、甲苯在复合溶剂中的含量及溶剂的种类与性质对沥青回收率高低的影响,结果表明:最佳提取条件为提取温度50℃,剂砂质量比1∶1,提取时间25min。沥青回收率与提取溶剂的性质紧密相关,水层介入有效降低了固体微粒组分在有机相中的含量,且便于后续的有机相与泥砂相的分离。通过对各种溶剂提取的沥青进行组分分析,发现各种溶剂对沥青提取能力的差异性源于溶剂的化学组成和结构不同。本文相关研究结果对溶剂法提取油砂中沥青技术及溶剂种类的选择具有指导作用。 相似文献
8.
利用热重质谱联用仪(TG-MS)分析了三种油砂沥青(印尼油砂沥青、伊朗油砂沥青、加拿大油砂沥青)中的甲苯残留以及油砂沥青质含量对油砂沥青中甲苯残留的影响,并在此基础上,进一步研究了油砂沥青质中的甲苯残留。结果发现,不同油砂沥青中甲苯残留量存在一定差异,其中印尼油砂沥青中的甲苯残留量最多。进一步对沥青质质量分数分别为10%、19%、30%的油砂沥青样品进行热重质谱实验,发现随着油砂沥青中沥青质含量的增加,甲苯的残留量会成倍增加。以加拿大油砂沥青质为例,研究了油砂沥青质对溶剂残留的影响,发现油砂沥青质具有对甲苯分子的夹带能力,导致甲苯分子在超过自身沸点40℃以上才能从沥青质中分离出来。油砂沥青中其他组分的存在也会加剧沥青质对甲苯的夹带作用。此外,研究还发现,在350~650℃时,油砂沥青质可以热解产生甲苯,而且油砂沥青中的沥青质含量越高,热解生成的甲苯越多。 相似文献
9.
溶剂萃取技术是一种很有发展前景的油砂分离方法,具有操作节水节能、适用性广、分离效率高、无乳化现象、溶剂可循环利用、污染小等优点。本研究细致的考察了溶剂种类、溶剂用量、溶剂极性、操作条件(如温度、搅拌强度及时间等)对油砂沥青萃取率的影响,并通过正交实验获得了最佳萃取条件。在此基础上,对萃取组分和残留物质进行族组分分析,发现沥青中的沥青质的溶解性对温度的敏感性大于其余3种组分(饱和分、芳香分和胶质)。同时,通过实验还观察到萃取过程中悬浮于溶液中的沥青颗粒主要以沥青质组分为主,并含有一定量的轻组分;而油砂中的黏土等细颗粒固体(<44μm)则与悬浮沥青颗粒共存于溶液中,有必要采取过滤、离心等手段对萃取液进行处理,以防这些颗粒对后续的炼油过程产生危害。根据前述的实验研究结果,提出了油砂溶剂萃取过程的机理模型。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
Centrifugation was shown to have certain advantages over solvent extraction for the separation of bitumen from oil sand for research purposes. No fractionation of the bitumen during centrifugation was detected by chemical analysis. Some limitations of the method are pointed out. 相似文献
13.
Merouane Khammar 《加拿大化工杂志》2020,98(3):785-791
The development of a continuous process for the separation of solvent-diluted bitumen from mineral particles is an important step for the development of solvent-based extraction technology of bitumen from mined oil sands. In this work, a custom-made conical filtering centrifuge is used to separate toluene-diluted bitumen from oil sand mineral particles. Compositions of wet granular samples are analyzed before and after centrifugation for three different oil sand ores. Results suggest that conical filtering centrifuges could be used for continuous separation of solvent-diluted bitumen from oil sand ores with relatively coarse particles. 相似文献
14.
传统水洗法和溶剂萃取法萃取油砂沥青时,存在沥青中含有沙土和残沙中含有油等缺点。为解决上述缺点,本文采用不同比例的乙酸甲酯/正庚烷复合溶剂萃取油砂沥青,研究了离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐,[Emim]BF4)对该溶剂萃取体系的萃取率和分离洁净程度的影响。采用红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对萃取后的残沙和沥青的洁净程度进行了定性分析,并结合元素分析仪和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪获得萃取后残沙和沥青的洁净程度的定量结果。实验结果表明:当复合溶剂体积比为2∶3时,[Emim]BF4促使沥青回收率达到最大值94.20%,比单纯复合溶剂萃取体系的最大萃取率高7.92%;通过上述测试方法的定性和定量分析,证明了[Emim]BF4能有效解决沥青夹带沙土和残沙中含油的问题。 相似文献
15.
油砂作为一种非常规石油资源,越来越受到人们的重视。油砂沥青的含量和性质对其开发有着重要的影响。有机溶剂抽提可以测定油砂沥青的含量。本文研究了3种溶剂对新疆油砂的抽提能力,并对不同溶剂抽提得到的新疆油砂沥青进行了性质分析。结果表明,新疆油砂含油率(甲苯测)为11.75%,属于中品位油砂矿;甲苯、氯仿和石油醚3种不同溶剂对新疆油砂沥青进行抽提,发现3种溶剂抽提能力的大小关系为氯仿>甲苯>石油醚;抽提过程中,氯仿表现出对胶质和沥青质较强的萃取能力,而石油醚对沥青质的萃取能力几乎为0,采用氯仿可以更准确地测定油砂沥青的含量。氯仿抽提得到新疆油砂沥青及其组分的杂原子含量和分子量高于甲苯和石油醚抽提的。由红外谱图发现,氯仿抽提得到的油砂沥青的含氧、含硫官能团的吸收峰强度大于甲苯和石油醚抽提的,表明氯仿对油砂沥青中极性物质的抽提能力更强。 相似文献
16.
2006—2009年,中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院在准噶尔盆地西北缘风城地区开展了油砂资源勘探和水洗分离工艺技术研究,落实该区油砂油可采资源量5498万t,平均含油率为7.1%~10%,分布于白垩系和侏罗系,厚度80—140m,油砂顶层埋深在50~90m,针对该区油砂特点开展了油砂水洗分离机理研究,成功研制了该区油砂水洗分离剂配方,该配方药剂浓度在4%,温度85℃的情况下,分离率达到了90%。在系列研究的基础上,完成了该区年处理1万t油砂的试验现场建设,开展油砂现场分离试验,常态运行收油率达90%,水洗工艺技术及装备研发取得成功。 相似文献
17.
A novel laboratory scale apparatus has been developed and used to assess the extraction performance of oil sands under conditions analogous to current industrial processes. The apparatus can be used to investigate independently, the liberation of bitumen from the sand as well as air‐bitumen attachment and bitumen recovery. Experiments show that lower operating temperatures have a detrimental effect on bitumen recovery and controlled air addition is beneficial for recovery. The liberation of bitumen from sand grains has been found to proceed faster than air attachment and bitumen recovery, making the flotation the ratelimiting step in the extraction process. The potential benefit of staged air injection into hydrotransport pipelines as a possible process aid is discussed. 相似文献
18.
Application of microbial enhanced oil recovery technology in water‐based bitumen extraction from weathered oil sands
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Mingshan Ding Yan Zhang Juan Liu Weihong Jia Bin Hu Sili Ren 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2014,60(8):2985-2993
When using the water‐based extraction processes (WBEPs) to recover bitumen from the weathered oil sands, very low bitumen recovery arisen from the poor liberation of bitumen from sand grains is always obtained. Application of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) technology in WBEPs to solve the poor processability of the weathered ore was proposed. It was found that processability of the microbial‐treated weathered ore was greatly improved. The improved processability was attributed to the biosurfactants production in the culture solution, alteration of the solids wettability, degradation of the asphaltene component, and the decrease of the bitumen viscosity, which collectively contributed to the bitumen liberation from the surface of sand grains. Although it still has many issues to be solved for an industrial application of the MEOR technology in oil sands separation, it is believed that the findings in this work promote the solution to the poor processability of the weathered ore. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2985–2993, 2014 相似文献
19.
20.
Chester J. Budziak Eva I. Vargha-Butler Ronald G.V. Hancock A.Wilhelm Neumann 《Fuel》1988,67(12):1633-1638
The temperature dependence of, first, the yield of bitumen extracted from oil sands and, second, of the coextracted solid particles in the bitumen was studied. Centrifugal extractions were performed in an argon (inert) atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 150 °C. The co-extracted solid particles were investigated through digital image analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis and ash yield. The yield of bitumen increases with extracting temperature and is also dependent on the grade and origin of the oil sand. The quantity of fines, e.g. clay minerals or fine sand particles is dependent on the grade and origin of the oil sand. The total amount of co-extracted solid particles is found to be independent of the extracting temperature. 相似文献