木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇的糖化发酵工艺研究进展

目前用于生产木质纤维素燃料乙醇的工艺主要有4种:分步糖化和发酵(SHF)、同时糖化和发酵(SSF)、同时糖化和共发酵(SSCF)以及联合生物加工(CBP).本文综述了以上4种工艺的优缺点及其研究现状,着重介绍了具有应用前景的SSCF和CBP,指出它们的研究重点都在于通过基因工程构建适合的高产菌株.同时,提出了木质纤维降...     

纤维素燃料乙醇生产技术研究进展

纤维素燃料乙醇已成为下一代燃料乙醇的必然发展方向。文章综述了近年来以木质纤维素为原料生产燃料乙醇的关键技术,重点对物理法、化学法、蒸汽爆破法、生物法等木质纤维素原料预处理技术,酸水解、酶水解等水解(糖化)技术,以及直接发酵法、水解发酵两步法、同步水解发酵法等发酵工艺进行了总结,并指出了未来纤维素乙醇的产业化过程中必须解决的关键问题和发展趋势。     

纤维素乙醇的研究进展

近年来以纤维素类生物质为原料制备乙醇的研究取得了许多进展,使纤维素乙醇的开发更具商业化前景.重点介绍了木质纤维素转化为乙醇的原料预处理方法、纤维素和半纤维素的酶法降解、有效可靠的发酵菌种的选育及木质纤维素乙醇制备工艺的开发.     

酿酒酵母采用木糖发酵产乙醇的研究现状

酿酒酵母具有安全性好,高产量和高的抑制剂耐受性等优点,故一直在生物乙醇工业中有重要作用。然而该酵母不能使木糖发酵,而木糖是木质纤维素水解产物中重要的戊糖。为了得到利用木糖高效产乙醇的工程茵,我们通过引入初始木糖的新陈代谢和木糖的运输体来改变细胞内的氧化还原平衡．木酮糖激酶的过表达和磷酸戊糖途径来提高乙醇产率。     

纤维类物质生产乙醇的研究进展

介绍了燃料乙醇的意义、国内外的发展现状和趋势,重点综述了燃料乙醇工艺中的预处理技术和发酵工艺技术,对预处理的各种方法的优缺点进行了归纳,分析了木质纤维素的资源组成成分及结构对其有效转化乙醇的影响及解决办法,最后对纤维素燃料乙醇工业进行了展望。     

木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇的研究现状

介绍了近年来国内外木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇的技术现状。评述了纤维素原料生产乙醇的预处理及水解为葡萄糖和发酵成酒精的各生产工艺。分析了各工艺的技术特点和经济性。提出应进一步加强纤维素生产燃料乙醇的研究。     

木质纤维素水解制取燃料乙醇研究进展

以木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇具有原料可再生性和环境友好的优点而备受重视.本文介绍了国内外木质纤维素制取燃料乙醇中的水解工艺过程,包括浓酸水解、稀酸水解和酶水解工艺,分析了各工艺的技术特点,同时指出稀酸预处理-酶水解工艺将成为近几年国内外研究和开发的重点.     

制约纤维素乙醇的技术难点及其研究进展

从原料预处理技术、纤维素酶技术、水解发酵工艺以及原料的综合利用技术等几个方面,对制约木质纤维素乙醇的技术难点进行了分析与讨论。     

木质纤维素类生物质制备燃料乙醇的微生物研究进展

从木质纤维素制备燃料乙醇的基本工艺可以分为预处理、 水解、发酵和纯化4个部分。考虑到微生物方法在工业化生产中具有的低成本优势,本文就微生物在预处理中的应用,微生物在纤维素酶生产中的应用以及微生物在乙醇发酵中的应用这三方面的研究现状进行了综述,并进一步分析了在改进原料预处理、提高纤维素酶产量和活性、扩大糖原范围、优化水解发酵工艺等方面的研究进展。     

木质纤维素为原料的燃料乙醇发酵技术研究进展

介绍了木质纤维素的资源组成、结构、利用现状以及从木质纤维素类生物质生产乙醇的一般生产工艺,并重点综述了预处理、水解、发酵和蒸馏4个关键流程工艺及相关技术,分析了这些工艺中采用的不同方法的优缺点以及国内外的技术现状及动向。本文还提出和讨论了今后研究方向需要加强的方面,并指出:高产纤维素酶菌株的筛选及驯化、改进原料预处理技术、降低中间产物对纤维素酶活性的抑制作用、现代育种技术构建耐高温工程菌等减少成本和提高纤维素生物质到乙醇的转化率技术,将是今后的研究重点发展方向和业界正面临的挑战。     

产蒎烯人工酵母细胞的构建

蒎烯可衍生为高能量密度燃料,但在酿酒酵母中的全生物合成却未见报道。酿酒酵母由于拥有强大的蛋白表达和翻译后修饰系统以及完整的内膜系统,相比于大肠杆菌等原核生物更适于P450等蛋白的表达,因此将酿酒酵母作为宿主细胞,对于蒎烯或者其他物质实现如“疯狂碳环”的高能量化是至关重要的。本研究在酿酒酵母底盘中表达内源焦磷酸香叶酯合成酶（ERG20）的突变体ERG20^ww和火炬松来源的蒎烯合酶（PtPS）构建了蒎烯的合成路径。通过截短PtPS N端2～51位氨基酸残基（tPtPS）,蒎烯产量较初始产量（0.329 mg·L^-1）提高了2.23倍。在过表达异戊二烯焦磷酸异构酶（IDI1）和RNA聚合酶Ш负调控因子（MAF1）的基础上,表达ERG20^ww和tPtPS的融合蛋白,蒎烯产量进一步提高了5.16倍。通过将内源基因ERG20启动子原位替换为弱启动子HXT1,下调ERG20的转录,蒎烯的产量提高了26.0%。最终通过调节发酵过程中的培养基pH使蒎烯产量达11.7 mg·L^-1,较初始产量提高了34.5倍。本研究在酿酒酵母中实现蒎烯的从头合成,并获得已知蒎烯摇瓶水平的最高产量。     

Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized onto chrysotile for ethanol production

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CCT 3174 and commercial baker's yeast) was immobilized by adsorption onto chrysotile. The adsorbed yeast cells were easily washed out, but cells grown in situ were strongly attached by entrapment by chrysotile microfibres. In fermentation experiments with 30% (w/v) glucose solution, the immobilized cells showed a 1·3-fold increase in initial reaction velocity. For immobilized CCT 3174, the final ethanol yield was 26% higher than that with free cells. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

A modular engineering strategy for high-level production of protopanaxadiol from ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Ethanol is a more reduced substrate than sugars. Here, ¹³C-metabolic flux analysis (MFA) revealed that ethanol catabolism could supply sufficient acetyl-CoA and reducing equivalent for PPD biosynthesis. Then, we described modular engineering strategy to optimize a multigene pathway for protopanaxadiol (PPD) production from ethanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PPD biosynthesis was divided into four modules: mevalonate (MVA) pathway module, triterpene biosynthesis module, sterol biosynthesis module, and acetyl-CoA formation module. Combinatorially overexpressing every gene in MVA pathway and optimizing metabolic balance in triterpene biosynthesis module led to significantly enhanced PPD production (42.34 mg/L/OD600). In sterol biosynthesis module, fine-tuning lanosterol synthase gene (ERG7) expression using TetR–TetO gene regulation system enabled further production improvement (51.26 mg/L/OD600). Furthermore, increasing cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA supply by overexpressing a Salmonella ACS (acetyl-CoA synthetase gene) mutant ACS_seL641P improved PPD production to 66.55 mg/L/OD600. In 5 L bioreactor, PPD production of the best-performing strain WLT-MVA5 reached 8.09 g/L, which has been the highest titer of plant triterpene produced in yeast. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 866–874, 2019     

Continuous ethanol production from carob pod extract by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a packed-bed reactor

The continuous production of ethanol from carob pod extract by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a packed-bed reactor has been investigated. At a substrate concentration of 150 g dm^?3, maximum ethanol productivity of 16 g dm^?3 h^?1 was obtained at D = 0·4 h^?1 with 62·3% of theoretical yield and 83·6% sugars′ utilization. At a dilution rate of 0·1 h^?1, optimal ethanol productivity was achieved in the pH range 3·5–5·5, temperature range 30–35·C and initial sugar concentration of 200 g dm^?3. Maximum ethanol productivity of 24·5 g dm^?3 h^?1 was obtained at D = 0·5 h^?1 with 58·8% of theoretical yield and 85% sugars′ utilization when non-sterilized carob pod extract containing 200 g dm^?3 total sugars was used as feed material. The bioreactor system was operated at a constant dilution rate of 0·5 h^?1 for 30 days without loss of the original immobilized yeast activity. In this case, the average ethanol productivity, ethanol yield (% of theoretical) and sugars′ utilization were 25 g dm^?3 h^?1, 58·8% and 85·5%, respectively.     

Effect of extraction and enzymatic esterification of ethanol on glucose consumption by two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains: a comparative study

Extractive alcoholic fermentations of high glucose concentrations (300 and 400 g dm^?3) using a flocculent (saké) and a non‐flocculent (DER24) Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain were compared. The introduction of a Rhizomucor miehei lipase, in the extractive fermentations of 300 g dm^?3 of glucose, increased the ethanol extraction due to its esterification with oleic acid, allowing complete glucose consumption at an organic solvent/fermentation medium phase ratio of 1. In these conditions, an increase of ethanol yield was observed. Total glucose consumption was also obtained in enzymatic extractive fermentations of 400 g dm^?3 of glucose, but only when oleic acid was added at the exponential growth phase. From the comparison of the extractive fermentation performances obtained using the two yeast strains it was observed that the flocculent strain led to a lower glucose metabolisation rate. This behaviour was related to the highest diffusional limitations that occur in the presence of flocs. The developed processes showed that the association of alcoholic fermentation with enzymatic extraction led to the reduction of inhibitory effects as well as to the simultaneous production of fatty esters which are compounds with several commercial applications. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of zeolite addition on ethanol production from glucose by Saccharomyces bayanus

Zeolite NaY at 5 g dm⁻³ concentration, was selected to improve the production of ethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces bayanus from high glucose concentration media. The highest ethanol productivity (3·07 g dm⁻³ h⁻¹) was obtained from a 220 g dm⁻³ initial glucose concentration, while the highest ethanol concentration (130 g dm⁻³) was obtained from a 350 g dm⁻³ glucose medium. The zeolite is believed to have acted as a pH regulator, maintaining the pH value around 3·7–3·8. Under these conditions cellular viability was preserved and metabolic activity was maintained. Thus all the glucose was consumed, and high ethanol productivity and concentration were obtained. Therefore, the addition of zeolite improved ethanol production from high concentrations of glucose by Saccharomyces bayanus. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of light wavelength and intensity on the production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch cultures

BACKGROUND: Photoreceptors have been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisae, however, the influence of light on the performance of ethanol fermentation of S. cerevisiae is not yet clear. The aims of this study are to elucidate the influence of light wavelength and intensity on the growth and ethanol production of S. cerevisiae and to describe a novel two‐stage LED light process to optimize ethanol fermentation. RESULTS: Experimental results indicated that maximum biomass concentration X_max of the batch under red LED light increased monotonically with light intensity, and the optimal specific product yield Y_p/x was 13.2 g g^?1 at 600 lux. Maximum ethanol concentration P_max of the batch under blue LED light increased monotonically with light intensity, and the optimal Y_p/x was 18.4 g g^?1 at 900 lux. A novel two‐stage LED light process achieved maximum P_max, of 98.7 g dm^?3 resulting in 36% improvement compared with that of the batch in the dark. CONCLUSION: The light wavelength and its intensity significantly affected cell growth and ethanol formation of S. cerevisiae. Red LED light (630 nm) stimulated cell growth but slightly inhibited ethanol formation. In contrast, blue LED light (470 nm) significantly inhibited cell growth but stimulated ethanol formation. A novel two‐stage LED light process has been successfully demonstrated to optimize ethanol fermentation of S. cerevisiae. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

渗透汽化在生物燃料乙醇制备中的研究进展

渗透汽化作为一种新型的膜分离技术应用于发酵法制备生物燃料乙醇,不但能减少产物对微生物的抑制作用,而且可以脱水制备高纯度燃料乙醇,因而具有显著的优势。本文对渗透汽化在发酵法制备燃料乙醇中所涉及的膜材料、耦合工艺、应用现状和经济评价进行了详细的综述,并对发展趋势作了展望。     

Xylose Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Challenges and Prospects

Many years have passed since the first genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains capable of fermenting xylose were obtained with the promise of an environmentally sustainable solution for the conversion of the abundant lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. Several challenges emerged from these first experiences, most of them related to solving redox imbalances, discovering new pathways for xylose utilization, modulation of the expression of genes of the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and reduction of xylitol formation. Strategies on evolutionary engineering were used to improve fermentation kinetics, but the resulting strains were still far from industrial application. Lignocellulosic hydrolysates proved to have different inhibitors derived from lignin and sugar degradation, along with significant amounts of acetic acid, intrinsically related with biomass deconstruction. This, associated with pH, temperature, high ethanol, and other stress fluctuations presented on large scale fermentations led the search for yeasts with more robust backgrounds, like industrial strains, as engineering targets. Some promising yeasts were obtained both from studies of stress tolerance genes and adaptation on hydrolysates. Since fermentation times on mixed-substrate hydrolysates were still not cost-effective, the more selective search for new or engineered sugar transporters for xylose are still the focus of many recent studies. These challenges, as well as under-appreciated process strategies, will be discussed in this review.