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为了降低燃煤电厂脱硫废水零排放的处理成本,通过中试试验,研究了脱硫废水经过药剂软化预处理+管式超滤+碟管式反渗透(DTRO)浓缩+蒸发结晶工艺的技术可行性,摸索了各工艺段的关键运行参数。试验结果表明:预处理投加石灰阶段,p H控制在10.5~11时,水中镁离子去除效果较好,且可以去除水中大部分重金属及F-。管式超滤和DTRO抗污堵性较好,能够将废水进行减量化处理,回收率控制在65%~70%。系统稳定运行,浓水可以进入蒸发结晶系统,使蒸发水量减少50%~60%,投资和运行成本都有所降低。 相似文献
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本文综合阐述了采用微滤-纳滤-高压反渗透-超高压反渗透组合工艺浓缩燃煤电厂湿法脱硫废水的工艺流程、参数等。以连续运行方式考察了各级膜的浓缩性能和污染物的截留情况,结果表明膜组合工艺能够有效截留水中的溶解性污染物,且产水水质稳定达到电厂回用水要求。脱硫废水中的氯离子等盐分浓缩3.5倍,使进入后续蒸发工艺的水量减少60%以上,并有效分离水中的二价盐和单价盐,得到含有高纯度NaCl的浓盐水。浓缩液的总溶解性固体(TDS)达到100 000 mg/L以上,替代蒸发浓缩工艺实现了脱硫废水的高倍浓缩。 相似文献
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通过比较1,3,5-苯三酰氯(TMC)和哌嗪(PIP)制备的传统的碟管式纳滤膜(DTNF)组件与用环己三酰氯(HTC)和PIP反应制备的新型HTC-PIP体系DTNF组件的单盐分离性能,证明HTC-PIP体系纳滤膜对一/二价盐分盐性能更好。运用正交实验法考察了盐含量、操作压力、流速,温度等工艺条件以及盐溶液配比对两种膜组件性能的影响。采用HTC-PIP型DTNF膜组件对某企业高盐废水进行了工业化分盐实验,将分离后的盐溶液分别结晶后发现二价盐纯度在95%以上,而一价盐的纯度多数在90%以上,分盐效果优异。 相似文献
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利用分质提盐蒸发结晶方法处理多组分高含盐废水,可实现废水的资源化利用。本文根据废水中硫酸钠和氯化钠的溶解度随温度的变化关系,提出了机械蒸汽再压缩(MVR)分质提盐蒸发结晶系统,以降膜蒸发器作为系统的预蒸发器,与两效强制循环蒸发器联用,同时对冷凝水加以回收,使废水中硫酸钠和氯化钠分别结晶。首先设计了系统的具体工艺流程,依据质量和能量平衡关系建立系统及其设备的数学模型并进行模型验证。随后对常压下硫酸钠质量分数为5%、氯化钠质量分数为8%的混合溶液蒸发结晶过程进行实例计算,并将其与传统五效蒸发分盐系统进行性能对比。综合能量分析与?分析结果表明,MVR分质提盐蒸发结晶系统的节能程度更高,同一工况下相较于传统五效蒸发分盐系统,效能系数(COP)提高了93.5%,单位能耗则降低了77.6%;?效率提高了70.4%,?损失则降低了33.6%,表明MVR分质提盐蒸发结晶系统在实现废水中硫酸钠和氯化钠结晶回收利用的同时系统热力学完善度和节能性更大。 相似文献
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Solid solutions of diphosphates of zinc and copper and of zinc and cobalt were synthesized from mixtures of pure diphosphates at temperatures up to 1000°C. Their X-ray diffractometry patterns varied continuously from one end member to the other. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cox(PO4 )2, with x = 0.4–1.6, were formed at temperatures up to 950°C; all exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cux (PO4 )2 exhibited more-complex behavior. At 1000°C and copper contents of 20–80 mol%, a phase that is related to Cu3 (PO4 )2, termed here the "ε-phase," predominated. At 850°–950°C and in the region from 20 mol% to ∼33 mol% of copper, the solid solutions (the "η-phase") adopted the structure of graftonite. At 800°–900°C and 10–15 mol% of copper, the solid solutions exhibited a new structure (the "δ-phase"), which we found to be related to the mineral sarcopside. At temperatures 950°C, the solutions that contained 5–15 mol% of copper (the "β-phase") had the structure of β-Zn3 (PO4 )2, whereas at 800°–850°C, solutions with 5 mol% of copper (the "-phase") exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Attempts to synthesize Cu+ ZnPO4 and Cu+ Cu2+ Zn3 (PO4 )3 were unsuccessful. 相似文献
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为了提高油田的生产效率,设计最佳的油气集输处理的工艺流程,更好地完成油气水分离处理的任务。对油气集输工艺技术进行优化,发挥高效油气水分离处理设备的优势,提高油气水处理的质量,保证油气集输工艺顺利实施,获得最佳的油田产量外输。 相似文献
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建设创新型国家是我们中华民族的历史责任。“自主创新、重点突破、支撑发展、引领未来”的16字方针应当成为我们未来创新活动的指南。建设创新型国家把自主创新放在首位,并提出了引领未来的高标准要求。钢铁科技创新必须突出重点,抓住创新成果产业化这个关键,支撑起行业和国民经济的发展。 相似文献
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相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。 相似文献
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膜的污染和劣化及其防治对策 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
较为系统地介绍了膜污染和劣化的定义和特点,因膜污染和劣化而造成的膜性能变化,以及如何预防、减少或清除膜污染和劣化的一些通用方法。 相似文献
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James L. White David G. Salladay David O. Quisenberry Donald L. MacLean 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1972,16(11):2811-2827
Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) studies of polystyrene, polybutadienes (BR), and their copolymers (SBR) have been carried out. GPC primarily separates them on the basis of molecular size, and TLC, on the basis of composition. Methods of obtaining absolute molecular weight distributions for BR and SBR based upon variations of the Strasbourg Universal Calibration procedure are described. In particular, [η]–M relationships in both the GPC solvent (THF) and in a second solvent (toluene) were used; in addition, results of statistical mechanical calculations for \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline {s^2 }$\end{document} (based on the assumption of negligible steric hindrance and freely rotating bonds) were applied. An experimental comparison of these methods was carried out, and use of the [η]–M relationships for both solvents was found to give satisfactory results. The predictions of the statistical theory were too low. A detailed study of polymer–solvent–gel interaction in the GPC unit was made through investigation of ternary phase equilibrium in the (polystyrene)–THF–(polymer) system. The polymers studied included BR and SBR with varying styrene contents. Experimental techniques for TLC separations of BR, SBR, and polystyrene according to the composition are described. 相似文献