共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 124 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
核设施退役工程是一项不仅需要考虑拆除(毁)设备、建筑物,还要考虑辐射影响和核废物处理的复杂工程,其拆除(毁)工作具有高危险、高污染的特点,因此建立针对核设施退役项目的信息系统辅助退役工程很有意义。本文通过收集退役活动数据(设备物资数据、源项数据、辐射剂量数据等)设计退役信息数据库,开发了基于退役数据库的信息管理系统,该系统可对数据库中各类信息数据(照片、图纸、辐射数据、时间等)进行录入、删除、修改、查询等基本操作,并根据各类数据处理流程的特点分功能模块进行相应数据信息的管理,并对不同数据信息进行分析。该系统可提升退役过程中的管理能力,优化工程安排,减少作业人员所受辐射剂量,是顺利进行退役活动的必要基础。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
《核标准计量与质量》2017,(1)
文章总结了核设施退役辐射监测的任务,辐射监测工作应围绕退役工程的安全分析、环境影响评价、职业卫生预评价和工程质量评定的需求开展;提出退役过程辐射监测的分类,退役过程辐射监测拟分为辐射防护监测、辐射环境监测、放射性废物监测和监测质量保证;解析了核设施退役辐射监测计划的内涵,包括监测的目的、监测计划的内容和对监测计划的基本要求。 相似文献
8.
核设施退役的环境安全 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
核设施退役的环境安全是退役的最终目标,是制约整个退役活动的关键,已成为世界各国公众关注的问题。我国在核设施退役活动中,在方案设计中采取了有效的安全措施,且退役活动严格遵照预定的安全措施实施,因而退役活动对环境安全的影响完全控制在预定值以下,对公众及其后代是安全的。也提到了可能对环境安全造成影响的核设施退役活动。本文对我国已实施的几项核设施退役活动对环境安全影响进行了初步探讨,目的是为了引起有关人士的共鸣,达到深入讨论,逐步统一认识,推进我国核设施退役工作的进展。 相似文献
9.
对污染土壤的处置,是核设施退役过程中最后果重要的补救措施之一;土壤中的剩余放射性又构成了退役后对公众产生直接和经常照射的主要源项。因此对退役场址土壤中容许剩余放射性水平的确定是核设施退役中最关注的一个问题,本文在考虑到我国退役工作需要的基础上,着重介绍了国际上对ARCL的确定方法及其有关因素的考虑。 相似文献
10.
核设施退役虚拟仿真系统框架研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
退役核设施具有放射性,其退役过程危险且复杂,基于虚拟现实等技术的退役虚拟仿真系统可为退役工程提供辅助工具。本文在分析国内外研究成果的基础上,结合一专项退役工程的需求提出了该虚拟仿真系统的功能模块组成。基于软件开发技术进一步给出了系统的框架结构,并对各模块实现的相应技术进行了分析和探讨。分析中结合了计算机软硬件技术的最新研究成果,对退役中的切割、爆破、流体及放射性等的仿真技术进行了探讨。分析表明,基于普通个人计算机也可实现退役过程的全面虚拟仿真。经专家论证本方案具有可行性。 相似文献
11.
12.
B.L. Baumann 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》1985,89(1):47-50
Major studies have been undertaken in recent years by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and others on the technology, safety and costs associated with decommissioning nuclear facilities. The program described in this presentation is being undertaken by the NRC to compile and evaluate the activities of ongoing decommissioning projects. Assessment and evaluation of the methods, impacts, and costs will provide a basis for evaluating licensee's decommissioning proposals and for future decommissioning direction and regulation.Program participants include the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) through the Office of Regulatory Research, UNC Nuclear Industries (UNC) through the Decommissioning Programs Department, and nuclear facility licensees. 相似文献
13.
14.
B. K. Bylkin K. A. Gorelov I. A. Engovatov A. N. Zaitsev V. K. Zimin A. I. Musorin P. M. Rubtsov G. N. Nozdrin 《Atomic Energy》2009,107(6):369-373
Approaches to revising the documentation regulating the safety of decommissioning power-generating units of nuclear power
plants are examined. It is proposed that the concept of planning decommissioning for operating and newly designed power-generating
units of nuclear power plants at all stages of their lifecycle be introduced into the analysis. It is shown that the sections
concerning the decommissioning of the power-generating units of nuclear power plants be revised in documents validating operation
and decommissioning. 相似文献
15.
Decommissioning of nuclear facilities becomes an important issue in all areas of nuclear technology, mainly in their energetic applications. Decommissioning process has to be planned in the safe, ecological and economic manner. It determines the requirements on appropriate evaluation of needed technologies, media, amount of solid materials released into the environment, radioactivity of effluents, amount of radioactive waste for disposal, number and exposure of personnel and finally the financial demands. A detailed evaluation of these parameters may be done by analytical calculation approach. This approach models a real process of decommissioning with its individual basic activities. The methodology of integrated material flow and radioactivity distribution within this calculation evaluation tool is applied and implemented to describe the real decommissioning activities and their mutual relations to obtain more accurate outputs. 相似文献
16.
Thomas S. La Guardia 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》1985,89(1):33-46
This paper describes a study sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to identify practical techniques to facilitate the decommissioning of nuclear power generating facilities. The objectives of these “facilitation techniques” are to reduce public/occupational exposure and/or reduce volumes of radioactive waste generated during the decommissioning process.The paper presents the possible facilitation techniques identified during the study and discusses the corresponding facilitation of the decommissioning process. Techniques are categorized by their applicability of being implemented during the three stages of power reactor life: design/construction, operation, or decommissioning. Detailed cost-benefit analyses were performed for each technique to determine the anticipated exposure and/or radioactive waste reduction; the estimated cost for implementing each technique was then calculated. Finally, these techniques were ranked by their effectiveness to facilitate the decommissioning process.This study is a portion of the NRC's evaluation of decommissioning policy and supports the modification of regulations pertaining to the decommissioning process. The findings can be used by the utilities in the planning and establishment of the activities to ensure all objectives of decommissioning will be achieved. 相似文献