金针菇深层发酵条件及水浴提取菌丝自多糖的研究

目的：研究金针菇深层发酵的条件、培养菌丝体及菌丝体多糖的提取工艺。方法：通过发酵罐发酵研究金针菇深层发酵的条件及培养菌丝体;通过单因素试验及正交试验研究菌丝体多糖的水浴提取工艺。结果：试验确定了金针菇发酵的最佳种龄为48h、最适接种量是15％,菌丝生长曲线测定确定了发酵周期为培养时间96h,溶氧30％-50％,25℃培养;水浴提取金针菇菌丝体多糖的最佳工艺是：料液比1：60,水浴时间90min,水浴温度60℃。结论：明确了金针菇深层发酵的培养条件,通过发酵罐发酵每升发酵液可得到40g金针菇菌丝体（干重、得到了金针菇菌丝体多糖的水浴提取工艺。     

金针菇深层发酵条件及水浴提取菌丝体多糖的研究

目的:研究金针菇深层发酵的条件、培养菌丝体及菌丝体多糖的提取工艺.方法:通过发酵罐发酵研究金针菇深层发酵的条件及培养菌丝体;通过单因素试验及正交试验研究菌丝体多糖的水浴提取工艺.结果:试验确定了金针菇发酵的最佳种龄为48h、最适接种量是15%,菌丝生长曲线测定确定了发酵周期为培养时间96h,溶氧30%～50%,25℃培养;水浴提取金针菇菌丝体多糖的最佳工艺是:料液比1∶60,水浴时间90min,水浴温度60℃.结论:明确了金针菇深层发酵的培养条件,通过发酵罐发酵每升发酵液可得到40g金针菇菌丝体(干重)得到了金针菇菌丝体多糖的水浴提取工艺.     

库拉索芦荟多糖超声辅助提取工艺的研究

目的:研究超声波辅助提取库拉索芦荟多糖的最佳工艺.方法:通过正交试验研究库拉索芦荟多糖的水浴提取工艺;通过单因素试验及正交试验研究超声波辅助提取库拉索芦荟多糖的提取工艺.结果:水浴提取库拉索芦荟多糖的最佳方法是:料液比1:6、水浴时间60mim、水浴温度65℃、浸提液的pH值为9.0.超声波辅助提取库拉索芦荟多糖的最佳试验方案为:料液比1:4、超声功率100W、超声时间为6min、浸提液的pH值为9.0.结论:得到了超声波辅助提取库拉索芦荟多糖的提取工艺,超声波辅助提取法显著优于水浴提取法.     

淫羊藿叶多糖的超声辅助提取工艺研究

通过单因素以及正交试验进行水浴及超声辅助提取淫羊藿叶多糖的工艺优化,用硫酸-葸酮比色法测量淫羊藿叶多糖的含量,并对两种工艺的提取结果进行比较.研究结果表明,水浴提取淫羊藿叶多糖的最佳工艺为料液比1∶80、提取时间60min、提取温度80℃、提取液的pH为8.0.超声辅助提取淫羊藿叶多糖的最佳工艺为料液比1∶60、超声强度100W、超声处理时间10min、提取液的pH值7.0.超声辅助提取淫羊藿叶多糖的得率比水浴提取的提高了68.7％,超声辅助提取淫羊藿叶多糖明显优于水浴提取法.     

金针菇下脚料多糖超声-微波协同辅助提取工艺及其抑菌活性

以金针菇下脚料为原料,水作为提取溶剂,在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面优化超声-微波协同辅助提取金针菇下脚料多糖工艺,并对金针菇下脚料多糖的抑菌活性进行研究。结果表明:超声-微波辅助提取金针菇下脚料多糖的最佳的工艺条件为,料液比1:45(g:mL),提取时间为20 min,微波功率为65 W。与传统水浴浸提法相比,超声-微波辅助提取金针菇下脚料多糖不仅缩短了提取时间,而且提高了多糖得率。超声-微波协同辅助提取对金针菇下脚料多糖的结构基本没有影响。金针菇下脚料多糖对黑曲霉和酿酒酵母没有抑菌活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有一定的抑菌作用,最小抑菌浓度分别为2.25、5和2.25 mg/mL,且抑菌活性与多糖质量浓度呈正相关关系。     

猴头菌发酵米糠所产多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺研究

为深度转化米糠这一大宗稻米加工副产品,用猴头菌发酵米糠产猴头多糖。为了有效提取猴头菌发酵米糠所产多糖,进行了菌丝体多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺研究。通过单因素试验和L9（3^4）正交试验,研究了液料比40：1～120：1、超声时间7．5～37．5min、超声发出时间1～58、间歇时间1～58、超声功率400～1200W对多糖提取率的影响。结果显示：液料比、超声发出时间和超声功率是影响多糖提取率的主要因素,最佳工艺为液料比60：1,超声发出时间38,超声功率1200W,在最佳提取工艺时,猴头菇的多糖提取率为75．9％。     

水浴法和微波法提取金针菇下脚料多糖的优化及比较研究

采用水浴法和微波辅助法对金针菇下脚料多糖的提取工艺进行了研究。实验结果表明,水浴料液比、提取温度和提取时间对金针菇下脚料多糖提取率有显著影响,优化的水浴提取工艺条件为料液比1:20,提取温度为80℃,提取时间2.0h,提取率达13.68%;微波提取料液比、微波功率和微波时间对金针菇下脚料多糖提取率有显著影响,优化的微波提取工艺为料液比为1:25,微波功率320W,微波提取时间80s,提取率达13.80%。与传统的水浴法相比,微波提取法效率高、节约能源,应用前景广阔。     

猴头菌发酵米糠所产多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺研究

为深度转化米糠这一大宗稻米加工副产品,用猴头菌发酵米糠产猴头多糖。为了有效提取猴头菌发酵米糠所产多糖,进行了菌丝体多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺研究。通过单因素试验和L9（3^4）正交试验,研究了液料比40：1～120：1、超声时间7．5～37．5min、超声发出时间1～58、间歇时间1～58、超声功率400～1200W对多糖提取率的影响。结果显示：液料比、超声发出时间和超声功率是影响多糖提取率的主要因素,最佳工艺为液料比60：1,超声发出时间38,超声功率1200W,在最佳提取工艺时,猴头菇的多糖提取率为75．9％。     

相思菇多糖超声波辅助提取工艺研究

通过单因素以及正交试验研究水浴及超声波辅助提取相思菇子实体多糖的最佳工艺.研究结果表明:水浴提取相思菇子实体多糖的最佳方法:料液比1:60,水浴时间90min,水浴温度60℃.通过单因素试验与正交试验均得出超声波辅助提取相思菇多糖,最佳试验方案为:料液比1:140,超声时间20min,浸提液pH8.0.对两种提取法进行了比较,超声波辅助提取法优于水浴提取法.     

间歇式超声辅助金针菇菇根多糖提取工艺研究

采用间歇式超声辅助提取金针菇菇根多糖,通过单因素试验和响应面试验设计优化金针菇菇根多糖提取工艺条件。结果表明,影响金针菇菇根多糖得率的工艺因素按主次顺序排列为后段超声时间(C)恒温提取时间(B)前段超声时间(A)。确定金针菇菇根多糖最佳提取工艺条件为提取液p H5,料液比1∶30(g/m L),提取温度90℃,超声功率400 W,前段超声时间20 min,恒温提取时间130 min,后段超声时间23 min,在此最佳条件下,多糖得率为7.24%。在超声时间和恒温提取时间相同条件下,该方式多糖得率比"前超声辅提+恒温提取"方式和"恒温提取+后超声辅提"方式分别提高6.3%和5.6%,比直接恒温水浴提取提高12.76%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the