Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in foods: human exposure through the diet in Catalonia, Spain

The dietary intake of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene) by the general population of Catalonia, Spain, was calculated. Concentrations of PAHs in food samples randomly acquired in seven cities of Catalonia from June to August 2000 were measured. Eleven food groups were included in the study. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze PAHs. The dietary intakes of total and carcinogenic PAHs was calculated for five population groups: children, adolescents, male adults, female adults, and seniors. Among the analyzed PAHs, there was a predominance of phenanthrene (16.7 microg/kg) and pyrene (10.7 microg/kg). By food group, the highest levels of total PAHs were detected in cereals (14.5 microg/kg) and in meat and meat products (13.4 microg/kg). The mean estimated dietary intake of the sum of the 16 PAHs was as follows: male adults, 8.4 microg/day; adolescents, 8.2 microg/day; children, 7.4 microg/day; seniors, 6.3 microg/day; female adults, 6.3 microg/day. The calculated daily intake of PAHs would be associated with a 5/106 increase in the risk for the development of cancer in a male adult with a body weight of 70 kg.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food samples collected in Barcelona, Spain

This study reports on the concentrations of eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in food samples collected in the city of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) from 2003 to 2004. Food samples included meat products, fish (fresh and smoked), other seafood (cephalopods, crustaceans, and bivalves), vegetable oil, and tea. Concentrations of benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, benzo[alpha]pyrene, benzo[e]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PAHs were detected in most tea samples (94%), which had the highest concentration of total PAHs (mean concentration of 59 microg/kg). Other food groups with a high presence of PAHs were bivalves (present in 34% of the samples; mean value of 2.7 microg/kg) and meat products (present in 13% of the samples; mean value of 1.7 microg/kg). The PAHs detected most frequently were benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[b]fluoranthene. No sample had levels above current regulation standards. Nevertheless, the frequent presence of PAHs in bivalves, tea samples, and meat products, together with the fact that dietary sources are the main exposure to these carcinogenic compounds, suggests the need for some monitoring scheme to follow up on these trends.     

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through consumption of edible marine species in Catalonia, Spain

The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; naphthalene, acenaphtylene, acenaphtene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in samples of 14 edible marine species (sardine, tuna, anchovy, mackerel, swordfish, salmon, hake, red mullet, sole, cuttlefish, squid, clam, mussel, and shrimp) collected in March and April 2005. These species are widely consumed by the population of Catalonia, Spain. PAH intake was also estimated for eight age and sex groups of this population. Mussel, clam, and shrimp had the highest PAH concentrations (22.4, 21.5, and 15.9 ng/g of fresh weight, respectively). In contrast, sole (2.5 ng/g of fresh weight) and cuttlefish and squid (both 3.0 ng/g of fresh weight) had the lowest mean concentrations. The highest PAH intake was found in women and girls (5.3 and 5.2 ng/kg/day, respectively), but female adolescents and female seniors had the lowest PAH intakes (3.3 ng/kg/day in both groups). The intake of benzo[a]pyrene and six other PAHs that are probably human carcinogens through consumption of these marine species would be associated with 0.27/10(6) increase in the risk of development of cancer over a 70-year life span.     

Trophic dilution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a marine food web from Bohai Bay, north China

Trophic transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic ecosystems is an important criterion for assessing their ecological risk. This study analyzed 18 PAHs in phytoplankton/seston, zooplankton, five invertebrate species, five fish species, and one seabird species collected from Bohai Bay, and trophic transfer of the PAHs was determined in the food web, of which the length was approximately 4 on the basis of stable nitrogen isotope values. The concentrations of PAHs (2-64.5 ng/g wet weight) in the marine ecosystem were moderate compared with other marine organisms worldwide, and the PAH compositions exhibited species-specific profiles that were related to trophic levels in some organisms. Significant negative relationships were also found between trophic levels and lipid-normalized concentrations for 10 PAH compounds (acenaphthylene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene + benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and perylene), and their trophic magnification factors (TMFs) ranged from 0.11 for fluoranthene to 0.45 for acenaphthylene. These results confirm that PAHs undergo trophic dilution in the marine food web, which is likely to be the combined results of low assimilation efficiencies and efficient metabolic transformation at higher trophic levels.     

Sources, vertical fluxes, and equivalent toxicity of aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments of the Río de la Plata Estuary, Argentina

Settling particles and bottom sediments collected at 1, 2.5, and 4 km off the metropolitan Buenos Aires coast in the Río de la Plata were analyzed to evaluate the sources and toxicity of resolved (PAHs) and unresolved (AROUCM) aromatic hydrocarbons. PAHs (0003-2.1 microg g(-1)) and AROUCM (0.01-78 microg g(-1)) presented the highest concentrations nearthe Buenos Aires port and sewer and decreasing values up- and downstream and along on- and offshore gradients. Sediment traps deployed in the Central area revealed large aromatic fluxes (1.3 +/- 1.5 and 31 +/- 47 mg m(-2) day(-1) for PAHs and AROUCM). The composition of sedimentary PAHs was dominated by uniformly distributed high molecular weight pyrogenic PAHs (53 +/- 11% fluoranthene, pyrene, and heavier PAHs), followed by diagenetically derived perylene more abundant in less polluted sites (29 +/- 15%) and lower molecular weight petrogenic PAHs (18 +/- 7.1% phenanthrene, anthracene, and methylated compounds), which covaried inversely with perylene. PAH diagnostic ratios indicated a stronger influence of petrogenic discharges close to the shore and the prevalence of combustion of fossil fuels and vehicle emissions over wood in offshore sediments. Sediment cores showed sustained hydrocarbon levels with decreasing proportion of petrogenic PAHs and relative enrichment of pyrogenic components and perylene down to 20-cm depth. PAH toxicity assessment by sediment quality guidelines (SQG) and dioxin-equivalent factors (PAH TEQ: 0.08-395 pg g(-1) dw) identified 1-2.5 km sediments close to the port and sewer as the most affected area. According to SQG, dibenz[a,h]anthracene and pyrene were the most critical PAHs, followed by benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, and chrysene. In contrast, PAH TEQs were dominated by indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, perylene, and benz[a]anthracene which accounted for an average 86 +/- 5.7% of total TEQs.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fresh and cold-smoked Atlantic salmon fillets

The occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked fish as a consequence of cold smoking was studied. Raw fillets of Salmo salar from Norway or the Irish Sea were sampled in a modern smokehouse and examined for PAH content. The same fillets, labeled with an identification number, were sampled immediately after the smoking process and analyzed. Among the investigated compounds, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[ghi]perylene were detected in both raw and smoked fillets. No significant difference (P < 0.01) was observed between raw and smoked samples in the concentrations of six PAHs, but significant differences were found for fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[ghi]perylene. Results confirm that PAHs concentrations in smoked fish are the product of both sea pollution and the smoking process. A modern smoking plant with an external smoke generator and a mild treatment as described here will not add significantly to the concentration of PAHs, except for some compounds.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels and risk assessment for food from service facilities in Korea

ABSTRACT

In this study, levels of benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene in 412 food items collected from food service facilities in Korea were analysed. The concentrations of the eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ranged 0.13–0.48 μg/kg. The concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene in all food samples were <1 μg/kg, which is the lowest maximum limit in foods regulated by European Union legislation. PAH contents were employed to conduct exposure and risk assessment. The chronic daily intake of PAHs from 412 food samples was 5.48 × 10^–6-4.70 ×x 10^–4 µg-TEQ_BaP/kg/day with margins of exposure of 1.04 × 10⁹-1.16 × 10¹¹.     

冷冻除脂-气相色谱-串联质谱法检测食用植物油中30 种多环芳烃

建立冷冻除脂--气相色谱-串联质谱检测食用植物油中30?种多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAH）的方法。选用6?种氘标记PAH为内标,样品经乙腈--丙酮溶液（4∶1,V/V）于离心管中涡旋提取,10?000?r/min离心5?min,－80?℃对油脂冷冻固化,倾出提取液,再经减压浓缩和氮气吹干,以二氯甲烷复溶,气相色谱--串联质谱多反应监测方式进行检测。结果表明,在相应质量浓度范围内30?种PAH均有良好线性（R2＞0.998）,检出限为0.10～1.83?μg/kg,定量限为0.35～6.11?μg/kg,在5、20?μg/kg和50?μg/kg添加水平下的回收率为67.77%～119.28%,相对标准偏差为1.18%～12.47%。采用本方法对市售11?类38?个食用植物油样品的检测显示,萘、1-甲基萘、2--甲基萘、联苯、2,6--二甲基萘、苊烯、苊、2,3,6--三甲基萘、芴、二苯并噻吩、菲、蒽、1-甲基菲、荧蒽、芘、环戊烯[c,d]芘、苯并[a]蒽、屈、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[e]芘和苯并[a]芘的检出率均为100%;5--甲基屈、苝、茚并[1,2,3--c,d]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]苝和二苯并[a,l]芘的检出率分别为86.84%、63.16%、81.58%、21.05%、81.58%和26.32%;二苯并[a,e]芘和二苯并[a,h]芘未检出;PAH总量为92.56～905.16?μg/kg,其中苯并[a]芘含量为1.94～7.40?μg/kg,依据食品安全标准限量,PAH处于较安全水平。     

Influence of collagen and natural casings on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in traditional dry fermented sausage (Petrovská klobása) from Serbia

The aim of this study was to determine the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons—PAHs (acenaphthylene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[ghi]perylene)—from Environmental Protection Agency list (United States Environmental Protection Agency) in traditional dry fermented sausage (Petrovská klobása) stuffed in collagen (C) and natural casings (N). Benzo[a]pyrene as well as PAH4 (benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, and chrysene) were not detected in all examined samples. Results obtained in this study indicated that at the end of drying, as well as at the end of storage period, total content of 13 US-EPA PAH was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in sausages with collagen casing (56.2 and 73.6 μg/kg, respectively) than in sausages with natural casing (137.1 and 206.2 μg/kg, respectively).     

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked fishery products from different smoking kilns

The levels of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined by an HPLC method with fluorescence and UV detection and by a GC/MS technique in smoked fishery products from modern smoking kilns with external smoke generation and from traditional smoking kilns. The average benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) concentration of all 35 samples from commercial smoking kilns with external smoke generation was 0.1 g/kg (wet weight) and the sum of the carcinogenic compounds determined in the study, i.e. benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene and indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene did not exceed 4.5 g/kg (wet weight). The BaP levels of the 27 smoked fish samples from traditional kilns ranged from 0.2 g/kg to 4.1 g/kg, with a mean value of 1.2 g BaP/kg. The average concentration of the sum of the carcinogenic compounds was 9.0 g/kg. Large variations were found in the content of the non-carcinogenic PAHs phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene in all samples from both types of smoking kilns.     

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish: Optimisation and validation of microwave-assisted extraction

An accurate and sensitive method for determination of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (16 PAHs considered by USEPA as priority pollutants, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene and benzo[j]fluoranthene) in fish samples was validated. Analysis was performed by microwave-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography with photodiode array and fluorescence detection. Response surface methodology was used to find the optimal extraction parameters. Validation of the overall methodology was performed by spiking assays at four levels and using SRM 2977. Quantification limits ranging from 0.15–27.16 ng/g wet weight were obtained. The established method was applied in edible tissues of three commonly consumed and commercially valuable fish species (sardine, chub mackerel and horse mackerel) originated from Atlantic Ocean. Variable levels of naphthalene (1.03–2.95 ng/g wet weight), fluorene (0.34–1.09 ng/g wet weight) and phenanthrene (0.34–3.54 ng/g wet weight) were detected in the analysed samples. None of the samples contained detectable amounts of benzo[a]pyrene, the marker used for evaluating the occurrence and carcinogenic effects of PAHs in food.     

Factors influencing the national distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in British soils

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, ideno[1,2,3,-cd]-pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene and the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 8, 18, 28, 29, 31, 52, 77, 101, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 128, 138, 141, 149, 153, 156, 157, 163, 169, 170, 171, 180, 183, 187, 189, 194, 199, 201, 206, and 209 were measured in -200 rural soils across Great Britain (GB). Dominance of soil PAH profiles by heavier compounds (4-6 rings) provided initial evidence for the importance of source in governing soil PAH concentrations. No relationship was found between soil organic matter (SOM) and sum concentration of total and "heavy" PAHs, although there was a weak positive relationship with lighter compounds. A spatial statistical technique showed that highest soil PAH concentrations were usually found close to industrial/urban centers where presumably source intensity is highest. PCBs clustered into seven groups, five of which contained a single "dioxin like" PCB, one contained lighter congeners (2-4 chlorines), and one contained heavy congeners (5-10 chlorines). Linear regressions with SOM explained up to 24.3% of variation for the sum concentration of penta- to deca- congeners, but <1% for the lighter congener groups. No significant relationships were found with latitude. Spatial statistical techniques showed clusters of high soil PCB concentrations predominantly in west and south east GB, either associated with urbanized areas or on the West coast.     

Comparing d-SPE Sorbents of the QuEChERS Extraction Method and EMR-Lipid for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH4) in Food of Animal and Plant Origin

A Quick, Easy, Cheap, Rugged, Effective, and Safe (QuEChERS) method for the determination of benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene (PAH4 including the interfering PAHs triphenylene, cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[j]fluoranthene) was developed and validated with GC-MS/MS in foods of plant and animal origin. PAHs were extracted with acetonitrile, and different clean-ups with various compositions of sorbents, including zirconia-based sorbent (Z-Sep), primary-secondary amine (PSA), anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), octadecylsilane (C18 endcapped), and enhanced matrix removal (EMR)-lipid material, were tested. Another important focus of this study was the separation of critical pairs, which is essential for the qualification and quantification of PAH4. To investigate the developed methods, samples were spiked beneath their maximum levels (MLs) and recoveries and peak shapes were compared. The clean-up with 900 mg MgSO₄ + 150 mg PSA + 150 mg C18 was chosen to be validated in salmon, mussels, shrimps, bacon, cutlets, wheat flour, curry spice powder, infant formula, infant follow-up formula, and infant foods. Recoveries for all analytes were between 75 and 108%, combined with standard deviation between 2 and 20%. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were between 0.04 and 0.34 μg/kg and between 0.1 and 1 μg/kg, respectively.     

Soil ecotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to soil sorption,lipophilicity, and water solubility

A data set was generated aiming to predict the toxicity of PAHs to soil organisms. Toxicity data include the effects of 16 PAHs on the survival and reproduction of the soil-dwelling springtail Folsomia fimetaria. The results show that only PAHs with reported log Kow values < or = 5.2 (i.e., naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluorene, pyrene, and fluoranthene) significantly affected the survival or reproduction of the test organisms. Threshold values for the toxicity of the individual PAHs could be expressed as pore-water concentrations by the use of reported organic carbon-normalized soil-pore-water partitioning coefficients (Koc values). For the PAHs with a log Kow < or = 5.2, toxicity significantly increased with increasing lipophilicity of the substances (r2 = 0.67; p = 0.012; n = 8), suggesting a narcotic mode of toxic action for most substances. However, the position of anthracene in the regression plot indicated a more specific mode of toxic action than narcosis, and removing this data point yielded the following regression equation: log EC10 (micromol/L) = -0.97 log Kow + 4.0 (r2 = 0.80; p = 0.006; n = 7). Using this quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) to calculate threshold values for the toxicity of the remaining nontoxic substances (benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, perylene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene), the absence of toxicity could, in most cases, be explained by a limited water solubility, indicating that these substances do act by narcosis as the mode of toxic action and that their toxicity is governed by concentrations in the pore-water. The results provide important input to future model predictions of the ecological risk posed by PAH contaminated sites.     

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of 16 European priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked meat products and edible oils

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for the analysis of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) highlighted as carcinogenic by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) plus benzo[c]fluorine (recommended to be analysed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in fat-containing foods such as edible oils and smoked meat products. This method includes accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and the highly automated clean-up steps gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and solid-phase extraction (SPE). Using a VF-17ms GC column, a good separation of benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[j]fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene was achieved. Futhermore, the six methylchrysene isomers and the PAH compounds with a molecular weight of 302 Daltons in fat-containing foods attained a better chromatographic separation in comparison with a 5-ms column. The reliability of the analytical method for edible oils was demonstrated by the results from a proficiency test. Measurements with GC-high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) and gas chromatography-mass selective detection (GC-MSD) led to comparable results. A survey of the 16 PAHs in 22 smoked meat products showed concentrations in the range < 0.01-19 microg kg(-1). The median concentration for benzo[a]pyrene was below 0.15 microg kg(-1).     

三种光敏剂介导的光动力对水体中8种多环芳烃的降解作用

为了探究不同光敏剂(姜黄素、核黄素、金丝桃素)介导的光动力对水体中多环芳烃的降解作用,以含有8种多环芳烃的水体为研究对象,在光敏剂浓度为10μM,光照时间为15 min的条件下,采用光动力方法处理并通过同步荧光法测定水体中的各种多环芳烃.结果表明,姜黄素介导的光动力对多环芳烃的降解效果明显优于核黄素和金丝桃素介导的光动...     

Molecular simulations of benzene and PAH interactions with soot

Molecular mechanics simulations and ab initio calculations were performed to investigate the mechanism of PAH-soot adsorption. Partitioning of benzene, naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, fluoranthene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene between water and soot was modeled with classical and quantum mechanical calculations in order to determine a method for predicting log(K(d)) values. In both cases, the predicted mechanism of adsorption is interaction of the pi-electrons in the PAH and soot (i.e., pi-pi van der Waals forces). Solvation energies, the energy difference between the solute in the gas phase and in the model aqueous phase, calculated with molecular mechanics did not follow the observed solubilities of the PAHs. Molecular dynamics simulations overestimate the favorability of PAHs in the aqueous phase. Hence, the partitioning between the aqueous phase and soot does not accurately correlate with observed log(K(d)) values. Models of PAH adsorption using structures from molecular mechanics and energies from ab initio calculations do produce water-soot partitioning energies that correlate well with observed log(K(d)) values. The log(K(d)) values for benzene, anthracene, fluorene, and benzo[a]pyrene were predicted based on the correlation between calculated partitioning energies and observed log(K(d)) values. Results presented here suggest that partitioning of PAHs onto soot should depend on the size of the PAH, the planarity of PAH molecule, and the aromaticity of the compound. The methodology developed bythis research can be used to predict PAH K(d) values that have not yet been measured.     

高风险食品中多环芳烃含量调查与分析

目的 通过对河北省11地市136份煎炸与熏烤食品中多环芳烃的（PAHs）含量的检测,考察不同食物种类、食物的来源渠道等因素对食品中PAHs含量的影响,。提示相关暴露风险。方法 样品经环己烷：乙酸乙酯(1:1, V:V)溶液超声提取后,通过凝胶色谱进行净化处理,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法进行检测。结果 市售的136份样品中, 均检出不同种类不同含量的PAHs, 检出率为100.0%,其中菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘及苯并(a)芘检出率较高;苯并(a)蒽、屈、苯并(b)荧蒽及苯并(k)荧蒽检出率相对较低。结论 高温、长时间反复使用的非正规散装食用油、直接使用明火煎炸与熏烤的食品中PAHs含量更高;正规厂家生产的此类食品中PAHs含量相对较低。     

远红外烤制对烤鱼品质及多环芳烃含量的影响

为了改善烤鱼的质构特性等食用品质,减少多环芳烃的形成,以草鱼为对象,研究传统炭烤和远红外烤制方式对烤鱼质构特性及多环芳烃含量的影响。结果表明：传统炭烤和远红外烤制对烤鱼的食用品质有不同影响,与传统炭烤鱼肉相比,远红外烤制鱼肉硬度显著降低（P＜0.05）,且剪切力均显著低于传统炭烤组（P＜0.05）,能够显著改善烤制鱼肉的嫩度;相对而言,远红外烤制鱼肉具有更优的质构特性;远红外烤制能显著降低烤鱼肉中PAH4（苯并(a)蒽、?、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘）和PAH16（萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、?、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、茚苯(1,2,3-c,d)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)芘）的生成量（P＜0.05）,与传统炭烤鱼肉相比,PAH4和PAH16总生成量分别下降39.07%和44.07%。