移动Ad Hoc网络基于路由协议的拥塞控制

为解决Ad Hoc网络的AODV路由协议在通信过程中存在的拥塞问题,提出了改进AODV路由协议的思想。根据网络链路拥塞度的大小采取不同措施和节点路由,建立不相关多径路由分流以避免拥塞。仿真结果表明,改进后的路由协议有效地减少了发生拥塞的几率,从而提高了移动Ad Hoc网络的性能。     

基于Ad Hoc网络路由协议的安全技术研究及应用

Ad Hoc网络的安全路由直接影响到网络的正常通信,因此有必要采取一定的技术措施提高路由协议的安全性.本文首先介绍了移动Ad Hoc网络安全路由协议应满足的五个要求,并对关键的安全技术及其在Ad Hoc路由协议中的应用进行了分类介绍.本文最后提出一种基于路由协议DSR的安全增强方案.     

Ad Hoc网络中基于DSR的节能路由协议研究

移动Ad Hoc网络依靠有限寿命的电池供电,因此有效的节能策略在Ad Hoc网络的研究中显得极为重要,而DSR路由协议由于其在无线网络中的优越性,成为节能路由协议研究的热点.介绍了DSR路由协议以及Ad Hoc网络中节能路由协议的技术,然后围绕节点剩余能量和节点生存时间这两个节能参数,从节能效果、网络生存时同、协议复杂度、延迟等方面对基于DSR的各种节能路由协议进行了详细的对比分析,从而总结出基于DSR的节能路由协议的优缺点,最后指出了Ad Hoc网络节能路由协议研究的发展方向.     

基于Wardrop均衡的DSR路由协议研究

动态源路由协议(Dynamic Source Routing Protocol,DSR)是无线Ad Hoc网络中比较典型的一种按需路由协议。DSR路由协议没有针对链路上数据拥塞问题的调控机制,容易造成链路上局部拥塞,从而导致链路传输速率降低,丢包率、时延增大等问题的出现。本文引入Wardrop均衡理论,提出W-DSR(Wardrop-DSR)路由算法,能够有效的减轻链路局部拥塞问题。实验表明,W-DSR路由算法的性能与DSR路由协议相比较有较大的提高。     

Ad Hoc的DSR协议在物联网中的运用

分析了移动自组织Ad Hoc网络与物联网相似的组网结构和通信特点,在此基础上讨论了Ad Hoc中DSR路由协议在物联网通信过程中的适用性。并通过NS模拟了DSR路由协议在物联网中的通信过程,由仿真结果可知:当网络节点移动速度增快或网络规模扩大时,采用按需路由协议DSR可以保持较高的分组平均递交率和较低的路由开销,同时网络也具有较好的服务质量,适合规模较大、快速移动、拓扑结构变化较快的物联网。     

基于QualNet仿真软件的Ad Hoc路由协议的比较

本论文主要研究的是在QualNet网络仿真软件中比较Ad Hoc网络的两种路由协议:AODV和DSR。Ad Hoc网络是由一组带有无线收发装置的移动终端组成的一个多跳的临时性自治系统,因此,路由协议直接影响了Ad Hoc网络的工作状态及其性能水平。Ad Hoc路由协议主要分为表驱动路由协议和按需路由协议,AODV和DSR属于按需路由协议。本文在QualNet的平台上搭建了Ad Hoc网络模型,并就AODV和DSR这两种路由协议进行了网络仿真,包括不同网络负载情况下的路由协议收敛速度、分组发送成功率、网络吞吐量、端对端延时和抖动等参数指标,分析了两种路由协议的性能。     

MANET环境下AODV协议的研究和改进

MANET网络就是移动Ad—Hoc网络，它是由若干节点所组成的一个移动自治系统，在一个无线Ad—Hoc网络中，节点之间通过多跳无线链路相互通信，所有的节点利用共享的无线媒质相互联系。这样节点之间路由问题就成为一个重点要解决的问题。目前，在这方面普遍采用DSR和AODV路由协议。但是，这两种路由协议对于要求QoS的网络来说还是力不从心的。文中主要讨论的是基于AODV路由协议的一些改进方案。     

3GPP中基于拥塞控制的协作DSR路由协议研究

针对现行的3GPP网络路由协议在路由选择时存在的可靠性低、路由开销大等问题,分析了网络中通信节点的工作状态,综合考虑协同合作方式的DSR路由机制和拥塞控制策略对3GPP网络性能的影响,提出了一种基于拥塞控制的增强型协作DSR路由协议,并通过3GPP网络系统级仿真验证改进后的协作路由协议的通信性能。仿真结果表明,所提的协作DSR协议显著提高了3GPP网络通信性能,在提高网络资源利用率的同时改善了数据传输的可靠性。     

Ad Hoc网络中一种多路径QoS路由协议

在移动Ad Hoc研究中,QoS研究重要方面,虽然在传统网络中多路径的路由协议研究已相当成熟,但是大多数Ad Hoc路由协议都是基于单路由的,而且并不能很好的支持QoS约束。本文对现有DSR的协议的基础上,加入多径使其满足一定的延时约束,提出了一种移路径QoS路由协议,并给出了正确性验证及复杂性分析,并在NS2平台下对该改进后的协议进行了仿真实验和分析。仿真结果表明,该路由协议减少了路由重建数量,有效的增加了Ad Hoc网络的吞吐率,降低了延时从而有效地提高了网络性能。最后,对下一步改进工作也作简单介绍。     

AODV自适应网关设计及仿真

Ad Hoc网络和有线网络的互联是网络发展的必然。为实现有线节点与无线节点间的通信,在采用AODV路由协议的Ad Hoc网络中通过添加网关节点的方式实现AODV协议无线网络的有线接入。在AODV路由协议中添加了网关节点,并结合实际网络场景进行了网关公告的自适应性能优化。对改进后的AODV路由协议在NS2中进行了仿真。仿真结果表明：实现了改进AODV协议无线节点与有线节点的通信,降低了网关引入的网络开销,可以灵活地响应网络拓扑变化。     

On the optimality of field-line routing in massively dense wireless multi-hop networks

We consider the load balancing problem in large wireless multi-hop networks by applying the continuum approximation. The task is to find routes, geometric curves, such that the maximal traffic load in the network is minimized. In finite fixed networks, multi-path routes generally yield a lower congestion and thus allow higher throughput. In contrast, we show that in dense wireless multi-hop networks, the optimal load balancing can be achieved by a destination based single-path routing referred to as field-line routing. This is because any routing can be transformed to the corresponding field-line routing with the same or better performance, by using as paths, the field lines of the so-called destination flow associated with the original routing. The concepts are illustrated with two examples. In the case of a unit disk with unit traffic, the maximal load of 0.389 of a multi-path routing system is reduced to 0.343 by using the field-line routing. Similar improvements are also demonstrated for the unit square.     

异构无线网络中的Ad Hoc路由及QoS分析

首先分析了纯Ad Hoc网络环境下具有QoS保证的几种典型路由协议,然后阐述了异构无线网络的体系架构以及异构网络环境下的Ad Hoc路由,包括基于节点位置信息的路由分级路由、提高网络容量的多跳中继路由、实现网络负载均衡的路由,以及跨层路由协议。最后,总结了在异构网络环境下提出的基于Ad Hoc网络多跳中继路由的负载均衡策略的研究工作,分析了仿真结果。     

Investigating the performance of TCP in mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networks have several inherent characteristics (e.g. dynamic topology, time-varying and bandwidth constrained wireless channels, multi-hop routing, and distributed control and management). The goal of this work is to investigate the impact of these characteristics on the performance of TCP. First, we investigate throughput performance of TCP as a function of path length (i.e. multiple wireless hops), node mobility, and traffic intensity. Next, we examine the ‘fairness’ of the ad hoc network with regard to equal sharing of network bandwidth among multiple TCP flows. Third, we evaluate the impact of two on-demand routing protocols (i.e. AODV and DSR) on the throughput of TCP. Finally, a factorial design experiment is conducted to quantify the effects and interactions of three factors, which influence the throughput of TCP. These factors include routing, node speed, and node pause time. Two key results were observed. Results show that traffic intensity (e.g. number of concurrent flows) is significantly affects TCP throughput, suggesting the need for congestion control, scheduling and traffic management schemes. Second, source routing achieves higher throughputs while also generating significantly less routing overhead than AODV. Results also show that in some instances, the fairness of the network is very uneven among concurrent TCP flows, resulting in several sending stations achieving very little or no throughput.     

Clustering overhead and convergence time analysis of the mobility-based multi-hop clustering algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks

With the emergence of large mobile ad hoc networks, the ability of existing routing protocols to scale well and function satisfactorily comes into question. Clustering has been proposed as a means to divide large networks into groups of suitably smaller sizes such that prevailing MANET routing protocols can be applied. However, the benefits of clustering come at a cost. Clusters take time to form and the clustering algorithms also introduce additional control messages that contend with data traffic for the wireless bandwidth. In this paper, we aim to analyse a distributed multi-hop clustering algorithm, Mobility-based D-Hop (MobDHop), based on two key clustering performance metrics and compare it with other popular clustering algorithms used in MANETs. We show that the overhead incurred by multi-hop clustering has a similar asymptotic bound as 1-hop clustering while being able to reap the benefits of multi-hop clusters. Simulation results are presented to verify our analysis.     

Analysis of a Randomized Congestion Control Scheme with DSDV Routing in ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Ad hoc wireless networks are expected to play an increasingly important role in future civilian and military settings where wireless access to a wired backbone is either ineffective or impossible. However, frequent topology changes caused by node mobility make routing in ad hoc wireless networks a challenging problem. In addition, limited capabilities of mobiles require a control on node congestion due to message forwarding.  In this paper, we present a randomized version, called R-DSDV, of the known destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) routing protocol for ad hoc networks and analyze its capabilities for distributed congestion control. The analysis is based on a novel approach that uses Markov chains for representing the distribution of routing information over the network. Our results indicate that a probabilistic congestion control scheme based on local tuning of protocol parameters is feasible and that such a mechanism can be effective in reducing the amount of traffic routed through a node which is temporarily congested. The traffic reduction is almost linear with respect to the decrease in the R-DSDV routing table advertisement rate of the congested node. On an average, the convergence time is relatively small as compared to the transmission rates of protocol messages.     

一种基于IEEE 802.11e的多跳无线网络拥塞控制协议

多跳无线网络中网络拥塞的出现将严重降低网络的性能。基于802.11e提供的区分业务类型的信道接入优先级机制,提出了一种对尽力而为(best-effort)类型业务动态调整其优先级进行网络拥塞控制的协议。该算法的主要思想是对发生网络拥塞的节点提升其业务流传输的优先级使其获得更多的传输机会以缓解拥塞状况,并对严重的网络拥塞状况采取反向施压的策略降低上游节点业务流的转发速率。仿真结果表明,该算法有效地提高了网络重负载情况下的吞吐量。     

A scalable multimedia QoS architecture for ad hoc networks

Communication demands have grown from separate data and voice to integrated multimedia, paving the way to converging fixed, mobile and IP networks. Supporting Multimedia is a challenging task for wireless ad hoc network designers. Multimedia forms high data rate traffic with stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Wireless ad hoc networks are characterized by frequent topology changes, unreliable wireless channel, network congestion and resource contention. Providing scalable QoS is the most important challenge for multimedia delivery over ad hoc networks. We introduce here a provisioning and routing architecture for ad hoc networks which scales well while provisioning QoS. The proposed architecture is analysed using a mix of HTTP, voice and video streaming applications over 54 Mbps 802.11 g-based ad hoc networks. The architecture is simulated and compared to well-known routing protocols using the OPNET Modeller. The results show that our architecture scales well with increase in the network size, and outperforms well-known routing protocols.     

多跳Ad Hoc网络视频实时传输性能评估

设计并开发了一种新的实时半实物Ad Hoc网络仿真平台,并基于此平台对压缩视频在多跳Ad Hoc网络中实时传输的性能进行了研究。比较了AODV、Bellmanford、DSR、Fisheye、ZRP等多种路由协议对实时视频业务的支持能力。结果表明,视频分组成功投递率（PDR）对视频流的解码回放质量起着至关重要的作用,在路由跳数大于某一门限值以后,PDR随着中继节点数量的增多呈近似线性下降,即使是PDR性能最好的Bellmanford路由协议,在多于5跳（PDR降至72%以下）的情况下也无法提供令人接受的视频质量。     

Dynamic address autoconfiguration in hybrid ad hoc networks

The use of ad hoc networking technologies is emerging as a viable and cost-effective solution to extend the range of traditional wireless local area networks (WLANs). In these networks, mobile client traffic reaches the access points through multi-hop wireless paths that are established by using an ad hoc routing protocol. However, several technical challenges have to be faced in order to construct such an extended WLAN. For instance, traditional autoconfiguration protocols commonly used in infrastructure-based WLANs, such as DHCP or Zeroconf, are not directly applicable in multi-hop wireless networks. To address this problem, in this paper we propose extensions to DHCP to enable the dynamic allocation of globally routable IPv4 addresses to mobile stations in hybrid ad hoc networks, which transparently integrate conventional wired technologies with wireless ad hoc networking technologies. Some of the attractive features of our solution are its ability to cope with node mobility, the introduction of negligible protocol overheads, and the use of legacy DHCP servers. We have implemented a prototype of our scheme, and tested its functionalities considering various topology layouts, network loads and mobility conditions. The experimental results show that our solution ensures short address configuration delays and low protocol overheads.     

无线Ad Hoc网络QoS路由协议研究的进展与展望

无线ad hoc网络是一种无固定通信设备支持、节点可自由移动的多跳全分布式无线网络。无线ad hoc网络的应用环境以及与Internet的互连要求它必须提供一定的服务质量(QoS)保证，而QoS路由协议是无线ad hoc网络支持QoS的一个关键理论和技术，也是目前的一个研究热点。本文回顾了近年来国内外在无线ad hoc网络QoS路由协议研究方面取得的研究成果，对已有的无线ad hoc网络的QoS路由协议进行了分类．并对它们作了较全面的概括。总结和深入的比较分析，系统阐述了在无线ad hoc网络中实现QoS路由协议时需要考虑的因素，指出了亟待解决的问题和今后的研究方向。