厌氧折流板反应器处理退浆废水的启动研究

对采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理难降解退浆废水的启动过程进行了研究.实验结果表明:经过90 d的运行,反应器在32～34℃、上流速度8 m/h、水力停留时间6 d、COD容积负荷1.80 kg/(m3·d)的条件下,COD去除率达到55%以上,启动成功.出水COD稳定在4 500 mg/L左右,碱度约为700～850 mg/L.运行情况表明,启动初期反应器各隔室的pH变化较大,有效控制pH是系统启动成功的关键.启动后期,各隔室pH稳定在6.8～7.3之间,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)质量浓度为300～500mg/L.随着隔室的横向推移,污泥的SS、VSS和SS/VSS不断增大,推测反应器中厌氧微生物相分离现象显著.     

混凝沉淀-UASB对垃圾渗滤液预处理研究

实验采用混凝沉淀-UASB联合工艺对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理研究。在进水SS为600~1 400 mg/L、COD为4 500~6 000 mg/L条件下,对混凝沉淀池的混凝药剂量、搅拌速度及搅拌时间等因素进行研究分析,同时对UASB反应器启动及影响UASB反应器运行的温度、表面水力负荷、HRT等因素进行实验研究。结果表明,混凝沉淀池在100 mg/L PAC和0.8 mg/L PAM的投药量,140 r/min的搅拌速度,25~30 min的搅拌时间下,UASB反应器温度为35~40℃,表面水力负荷为0.4~0.5 m3/（m2·h）,HRT为60 h时,SS、COD的去除率分别达到85%,86.2%,但对TN、TP去除效果不理想,平均只有39%,42.8%。     

改良UASB处理酒精废水启动试验研究

为增强抗冲击负荷能力和保证颗粒污泥与废水充分混合,在上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器内三相分离器前增设强制内回流装置,形成改良UASB反应器,利用污水处理站UASB厌氧污泥,处理酒精废水。结果表明,UASB整个启动期为61 d,启动的第40天出现颗粒污泥,UASB启动期间对COD、SS的平均去除率分别为70%、11%,出水pH在6.4～7.8,挥发性脂肪酸的质量浓度降到200 mg.L-1以下,有利于后续单元对废水的处理。     

两级UASB反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

以垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液为处理对象,采用两级上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB),研究两级UASB反应器的启动、废水处理效果及反应器内VFA、pH和钙镁含量的变化。结果表明:反应器经过110 d的启动运行,进水COD达到54 274~56 840 mg/L,一级反应器容积负荷为12.7~13.3 kgCOD/(m~3·d),二级反应器容积负荷为2.0~4.5 kgCOD/(m~3·d),COD整体去除率为91.8%~95.0%;两级UASB反应器内存在厌氧氨氧化和反硝化的协同作用,对氨氮的去除率为25%左右;进水中钙镁离子主要沉积在一级反应器内的颗粒污泥中,二级反应器内相对较少。     

UASB处理黄竹制浆造纸废水的研究

针对制浆造纸废水厌氧处理启动时间长,运行效果较差的问题,采用处理酿酒废水厌氧颗粒污泥接种UASB,开展了为期90 d处理黄竹制浆造纸废水的工艺研究。结果表明,历时24 d UASB启动成功,此时,CODCr去除率、出水VFA的质量浓度、产气量分别为58%、178.0 mg/L、4 L/d。UASB处理该废水的最佳条件为:进水CODCr的质量浓度为3 700 mg/L,pH值为7.5,HRT为8 h,有机负荷小于12 kg[CODCr]/(m3·d),反应器运行温度为35℃。在该条件下运行7 d,出水CODCr的平均质量浓度为1 328 mg/L,CODCr平均去除率为64%,出水VFA的平均质量浓度约为187.1 mg/L,出水pH值约为8.2,平均产气量约为14 L/d。UASB具有良好的耐冲击负荷能力和恢复能力,在承受22 kg[CODCr]/(m3·d)的有机负荷冲击5 d后反应器仍可在4 d内恢复正常运行。     

两种UASB—厌氧氨氧化反应器对比启动研究

对比研究了2种UASB—厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动。采用2个15 L UASB反应器A、B,A添加海绵填料,B无填料,在温度为(33±2)℃,进水pH为6.5~7.5的条件下启动反应器。结果表明,2个反应器均经历了适应期、提高期和稳定期3个阶段,A反应器在80 d进入稳定期,氨氮和亚硝氮去除率达99.8%和99.9%,B反应器在105 d进入稳定期,氨氮和亚硝氮去除率达98.1%和98.9%。A反应器污泥为褐色,并有红色颗粒污泥,B反应器污泥颜色为深褐色。     

UASB处理化工染料废水的启动及工艺参数优化

通过优化碳源种类和控制进水负荷,处理化工染料废水的升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器历时33天成功启动.系统稳定运行后,考察了水力停留时间(HRT)、反应器温度以及进水pH值等主要工艺参数的影响,结果显示,UASB运行效果的影响因素依次为HRT、温度和进水pH值,最佳运行条件:停留时间48 h,温度37℃,进水pH值7.2,此时的反应器对废水COD的去除率接近80％.     

UASB反应器处理城市生活污水的试验研究

利用成功启动的上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器形成的颗粒污泥提高对低浓度有机污水的处理效果。结果表明,在COD为300 mg/L的低浓度下,在温度为35℃时,历经90 d成功启动UASB反应器,在UASB内形成黑色颗粒污泥;当HRT为4 h时,其对COD的去除率超过80%。最终UASB反应器中有73.64%的污泥粒径0.25 mm。UASB运行稳定后,当HRT为3 h,温度为16～21.1℃时,污泥能膨胀至整个反应区,此时COD去除率为86.35%～94.60%,平均COD去除率为91.05%,出水COD≤43 mg/L。     

pH值和碱度对UASB运行的影响分析

采用UASB（升流式厌氧污泥床反应器）处理中药醇提废水，pH值和碱度对UASB运行尤其重要。经过对BY制药废水站UASB运行过程中pH值和碱度控制调节，纠正了UASB出水酸化，达到了COD去除效率的设计值。结果表明：在废水碱度不足时，单纯提高进水pH值无法实现稳定UASB内部pH值，无法避免UASB酸化；通过投加一定量的NaHCO3补充废水碱度，可以稳定UASB内部pH值至6.8～7.2,COD的去除率达到设计最大值，可为后续处理提供良好的进水水质条件。     

气提式接触氧化法的低温实验研究

通过实验确定低温(8~15℃)条件下气提式接触氧化反应器挂膜启动期填料生物膜量SS、生物活性ρ(VSS)/ρ(SS)的具体变化过程,研究反应器在低温8~15℃条件下对生活污水的COD、NH3-N、TP处理效果,并与常温(16~28℃)条件进行对照。结果表明,在低温条件下,气提式接触氧化反应器填料挂膜成功需要18 d,COD、NH3-N、TP去除率平均达到83.1%、69.9%、20.9%;COD、TP的去除效果受温度影响最小,出水除TP外均达标。气提式接触氧化反应器是一种很好的小型低温生活污水处理装置及工艺,对低温环境适应强。     

Determination of potential methane production capacity of a granular sludge from a pilot‐scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor using a specific methanogenic activity test

A 450 dm³ pilot‐scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was used for the treatment of a fermentation‐based pharmaceutical wastewater. The UASB reactor performed well up to an organic loading rate (OLR) of 10.7 kg COD m^?3 d^?1 at which point 94% COD removal efficiency was achieved. This high treatment efficiency did not continue, however and the UASB reactor was then operated at lower OLRs for the remainder of the study. Specific methanogenic activity (SMA) tests were, therefore, carried out to determine the potential loading capacity of the UASB reactor. For this purpose, the SMA tests were carried out at four different initial acetate concentrations, namely 500 mg dm^?3, 1000 mg dm^?3, 1500 mg dm^?3 and 2000 mg dm^?3 so that substrate limitation could not occur. The results showed that the sludge sample taken from the UASB reactor (OLR of 6.1 kg COD m^?3 d^?1) had a potential acetoclastic methane production (PMP) rate of 72 cm³ CH₄ g^?1 VSS d^?1. When the PMP rate was compared with the actual methane production rate (AMP) of 67 cm³ CH₄ g^?1 VSS d^?1 obtained from the UASB reactor, the AMP/PMP ratio was found to be 0.94 which ensured that the UASB reactor was operated using its maximum potential acetoclastic methanogenic capacity. In order to achieve higher OLRs with desired COD removal efficiencies it was recommended that the UASB reactor should be loaded with suitable OLRs pre‐determined by SMA tests. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Treatment of a combined dairy and domestic wastewater in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by activated sludge (AS system)

The feasibility of using an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by activated sludge (AS system) for the treatment of wastewater discharged from dairy factory was explored. The UASB reactor was operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h and organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 1.9 to 4.4 kgCOD/m³.d. The average total chemical oxygen demand (COD_total) and total biological oxygen demand (BOD_5total) concentrations of the UASB reactor effluent were 1385 and 576 mg/l, corresponding to percentage removal of 69% and 79%, respectively. Total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) removal averaged above 72% and 75%, respectively. Residual phosphorous and oil and grease concentrations of the UASB reactor effluent were 8.2 and 44 mg/l, corresponding to percentage removal values of 63% and 83%, respectively. This good performance could be attributed to the relatively long sludge residence time (SRT = 76 d) imposed to the reactor. Total and faecal coliform counts were reduced in the treated effluent by a value of 1.07 and 0.9 log₁₀, respectively. The net sludge yield coefficient was found to be 0.2 g VSS per g COD_total removed per day, corresponding to 20% of the total influent COD imposed to the UASB reactor. The volatile solids / total solids (VS/TS) ratio of 0.66 of excess sludge revealed its good quality. Preliminary batch experiments of the AS system treating UASB reactor effluent indicated first-order removal kinetics between total organic carbon (TOC) and contact time. The TOC removal reached 80%, resulting in only 47 mg/l in the final effluent at a HRT of 2.0 h. Accordingly, the AS system was operated at a HRT of 2.0 h. The system achieved a substantial reduction of COD_total, BOD_{5 total}, TSS and oil and grease resulting effluent quality with residual values of only 35.0, 7.0, 14.0 and 2.8 mg/l, respectively. The geometric mean of total and faecal coliform counts was reduced by a value of 1.28 and 1.64 log₁₀, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended to use of an integrated system consisting of a UASB reactor followed by the AS system for the treatment of a combined dairy and domestic wastewater to produce a good effluent quality complying with the standards for discharge into agricultural drains.     

内循环UASB反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

采用内循环UASB对垃圾渗滤原液或稀释后的垃圾废水直接进行厌氧处理,进一步验证了内循环UASB反应器具有对COD(Cr)NH3-N、SS等适应范围广、易实现污泥颗粒化、污泥强度更高、污泥流失量少的特点.试验结果表明,当负荷发生变化时,系统能在短期内(8-15d)达到稳定的COD(Cr)去除率,最高达94.78%,一般5...     

污水处理厂UASB污泥处理的试验研究

ＵＡＳＢ反应器已广泛用于处理各种废水，但用于处理污泥的方法尚未见有报道。本文讨论了常温下用活性污泥作种泥，培养颗粒污泥的可行性，并且得到了ＵＳＡＢ反应器处理污泥的运行参数。     

Anaerobic treatment of acidified and non‐acidified substrata in UASB reactors

The selection of a suitable sludge which will be the inoculum of the reactor is the first step in the start‐up procedure of an anaerobic reactor. The sludge selected (inoculum) for this study was obtained from a UASB (Up‐flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed) reactor used for the treatment of alcohol industry wastewaters. The industrial sludge was used in this work as the inoculum of two laboratory‐scale UASB anaerobic reactors, which were fed with different substrata. The feed for the first reactor was acidified substratum (volatile fatty acid) and the second reactor was fed with non‐acidified substratum (glucose). The purpose of this work was to study the effect of both substrata in regular operation and to analyse the flotation problem which arises when the reactor is fed with a non‐acidified substratum. Finally, the characteristics of the adapted sludge were studied and they were compared with the initial inolucum (sludge). The following observations were noted in relation to the evolution of the sludge during operation: density, TSS content and C, H and N contents remained similar, but the particle size and VSS/TSS increased. The settling volume index decreased and methanogenic and acidogenic activities increased during operation in both reactors. The reactor fed with volatile fatty acids was able to recover from unstable periods faster than the reactor fed with a non‐acidified substratum. The use of an acidified substratum avoided flotation, stabilised the system and reduced the solid content in the effluent. Moreover, it worked properly with partially acidified influents meaning a reduction in the chemical reactive expense required to control acid pH‐value throughout operation. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

升流厌氧污泥床反应器处理石灰草浆黑液 Ⅰ.流形分布

本文用碘离子作示踪剂,采用矩形脉冲示踪法测定了实验室规模的升流厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器(有效容积27.5L)的流形分布。它表明UASB 反应器可分为污泥床区、悬浮层区和三相分离区三部分。其中污泥床区和悬浮层区可用完全混合反应器描述;三相分离器可用推流式反应器描述;污泥床和悬浮区通过废水流量相连通。     

升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)与间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)联合工艺在饮料生产废水处理工程中的应用

针对饮料生产废水的来源及其特点,采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)与间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)联合工艺处理陕西某饮料公司的饮料生产废水。进水水质中CODCr为2 000 mg/L、BOD5为1 350 mg/L、SS为215 mg/L、pH为5~12;出水水质要求达到CODCr≤80 mg/L、BOD5≤20 mg/L、NH3-N≤12 mg/L、pH为6～9,即渭河水系(陕西段)污水综合排放标准BD 61/224—2006中的一级标准。该文通过介绍处理工艺流程、工艺设计参数,反应器的启动运行及工艺运行结果,提出了影响反应器启动及运行的一些影响因素及相应的控制措施。工程实践证明,UASB与SBR联合工艺在处理饮料生产废水时具有处理效果好、低能耗、易管理等特点。