EGSB反应器在微氧条件下去除焦化废水中挥发酚

以厌氧和间歇微氧条件为参照,分析EGSB反应器在连续微氧条件下对焦化废水中挥发酚的去除,在反应器运行过程中,进水挥发酚质量浓度在10.09～201.34 mg·L-1之间,微氧反应器有很好的抗冲击负荷能力,挥发酚的去除率保持在98％左右,温度降低后,使微氧反应器挥发酚的去除率由99％降到27％；微量的氧有利于EGSB反应器的稳定运行,反应器能够降解一些在纯厌氧情况下不能去除的难降解物质和有毒物质；颗粒污泥内部的产甲烷菌对于微量氧的加入并不敏感；微氧反应器中颗粒污泥的微生物种群丰富,从外到内微生物分层生长,依次为好氧菌、兼性菌、厌氧菌.     

纤维素乙醇废水处理研究

采用微电解+厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)+上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)+膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺对纤维乙醇滤液进行处理.结果表明,当滤液COD在12 000 mg·L-1左右,该组合工艺中厌氧停留时间(HRT)为48 h时,厌氧COD去除率达到72%,MBR停留时间(HRT)20 h时,COD的去除率在80.8%～87.5%之间,出水COD浓度稳定在301～537mg·L-1,且MBR抗冲击负荷能力较强.     

环氧树脂生产废水处理中试研究

通过对黄山市某环氧树脂厂生产废水水质和现有污水处理工艺分析,中试考察微电解、厌氧、AO组合工艺对废水中COD的降解效果。中试实验结果表明:厌氧系统需要投加碳酸钠来补充碱度,厌氧稳定后增加AO工艺,并提升AO工艺进水COD容积负荷;对比目前系统水解+AO工艺的处理效果,发现在提升AO进水COD负荷后,二沉池出水COD无法稳定低于350 mg·L~(-1)。增加微电解来提高废水的可生化性,结果表明微电解+厌氧+AO组合工艺基本实现中试目标。     

厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的快速形成

以好氧硝化颗粒污泥与厌氧氨氧化生物膜作为接种污泥,在缺氧条件下利用EGSB反应器培养厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥。根据反应器内污泥性状以及运行效果,随时调整反应器的进水基质浓度以及上升流速等关键控制因素,加快厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的快速形成。同时考察系统的脱氮效能、粒径分布、厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥表面形态以及内部结构与微生物分布情况。反应器运行80 d后,培养出成熟的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,平均粒径为0.556 mm;89 d时,总氮去除负荷达4.758 kg N·m-3·d-1。FISH表明颗粒污泥中厌氧氨氧化菌为优势菌种,同时SEM与TEM观察表明颗粒污泥是由多个小颗粒聚集形成,而且形状不规则,内部结构排列紧密。     

低浓度焦化废水启动EGSB反应器试验对比研究

采用低浓度焦化废水对EGSB反应器分别在厌氧以及微氧条件下进行启动对比试验研究。试验结果表明,微量氧的加入,能够快速驯化EGSB反应器中的颗粒污泥,缩短EGSB反应器启动的时间。在焦化废水质量浓度为548mg/L~818mg/L,进水量为1.0L/h、有机负荷为1.1kgCOD/(m3·d)~1.6kgCOD/(m3·d)、回流比为22.25∶1.00,上升流速为3.0m/h的条件下,微氧反应器对COD的去除率达到85%以上,相对厌氧反应器的去除率提高了41%。污泥性质测定结果显示,2种条件下污泥浓度、颗粒化程度、颗粒污泥内部菌群有差异。     

新型厌氧反应器处理高浓度有机废水小试研究

采用新型厌氧反应器处理模拟高浓度有机废水,在中温条件下进行了为期150 d的试验,研究了新型厌氧反应器的启动过程以及对模拟高浓度有机废水的处理效果.结果表明,进水COD达到6g·L-1,水力停留时间为11.1h时,新型厌氧反应器的COD容积负荷达到12.96 kg·m-3·d-1,COD去除率为81％.     

微通道反应器中催化裂解合成N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺新工艺研究

N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA)是一种具有广泛开发应用前景的精细化工原料,在石油开采、纤维塑料改性、精细化工、生命科学等领域有广阔应用前景.研究了微通道反应器中以3-(N,N-二甲氨基)-N,N-二甲基丙酰胺(DMDA)为原料、四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)为催化剂合成DMAA的催化裂解新工艺.考察了催化剂用量、体积流速、反应温度对DMDA单程转化率的影响.优化选择了较优工艺参数组合:催化剂用量m(TBAB):m(DMDA)为O.02,体积流速O.24mL·min-1,反应温度270℃,DMDA单程转化率达17.O%,时空转化率(STC)达2.36×109mol·m-3·h-1.微通道反应器中时空收率是常规反应器的1500倍.     

低基质浓度下UASB厌氧氨氧化的脱氮性能及颗粒污泥特性

采用升流式厌氧污泥床(up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket,UASB)反应器,通过逐步提高进水流量,考察低基质((NH+4) -N为16.6 mg· L-1,(NO-2) -N为19.8 mg·L-1)条件下,厌氧氨氧化( anaerobic ammonium oxidation,ANAMM...     

超高盐厌氧生物处理系统快速启动及其除污特性

针对高盐榨菜腌制废水(盐度7%,NaCl计,下同)厌氧生物处理系统启动时间较长的问题,在ASBBR反应器中接种好氧活性污泥直接厌氧启动,采用二阶段盐度提升法进行构建超高盐厌氧生物处理系统,考察了驯化过程中反应器的除污特性.试验结果表明,以3%盐度的废水启动反应器,通过二阶段盐度逐步提升法,在进水COD有机负荷0.5kg·m-3·d-1,水温30℃,反应器运行方式为进水0.25h/反应23.5 h/沉淀排水0.25 h条件下,26 d后可成功构建出超高盐条件下的厌氧生物膜处理系统,COD去除率可达86%,实现了反应器的快速启动.同时,ASBBR反应器在未排泥的条件下表现出厌氧除磷特性,磷酸盐去除率可达24%.在排除现有除磷途径的可能性后,通过磷平衡分析表明,ASBBR反应器对磷酸盐的去除途径为磷酸盐还原.     

基于微滤膜和撞击流的臭氧氧化废液反应器的优化设计

优化设计了基于微滤膜和撞击流技术的臭氧氧化废液的反应器,提高了臭氧氧化废液的利用率。利用微滤膜管的孔径和压力特点,优化了反应器内部互为撞击的两相物质的运动轨迹。在撞击前使两相物质变成微米级颗粒,实现臭氧与废液的全方位充分接触,从而提高氧化效果和臭氧的利用率,降低了废液的处理成本。实验表明,在短时间内降解率可达95%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。