Numerical simulation of optical feedback on a quantum dot lasers

We use multi-population rate equations model to study feedback oscillations in the quantum dot laser. This model takes into account all peculiar characteristics in the quantum dots such as inhomogeneous broadening of the gain spectrum, the presence of the excited states on the quantum dot and the non-confined states due to the presence of wetting layer and the barrier. The contribution of quantum dot groups, which cannot follow by other models, is simulated. The results obtained from this model show the feedback oscillations, the periodic oscillations which evolves to chaos at higher injection current of higher feedback levels. The frequency fluctuation is attributed mainly to wetting layer with a considerable contribution from excited states. The simulation shows that is must be not using simple rate equation models to express quantum dots working at excited state transition.     

Saturation throughput analysis of IEEE 802.11e enhanced distributed coordination function

The IEEE 802.11 Task Group E will soon approve the 802.11e standard for medium access control (MAC) layer quality-of-service (QoS) enhancements to the 802.11 protocol, and it is widely believed that these enhancements will allow 802.11 technology to form the foundation of high-bandwidth vertically integrated networks. At the heart of 802.11e is a modified contention-based access mechanism, named the enhanced distributed coordination function (EDCF). In this paper, we propose and validate an analytical model for the saturation throughput of EDCF. Key to the accuracy of our model is a treatment of the postcollision period, which has been ignored by all previous 802.11 models. With results from the ns-2 simulator, we show that our model can accurately predict throughput over a wide range of scenarios, and thereby demonstrate its usefulness as a predictive tool for use in QoS provision. With context provided by our analytical model, we discuss the primary throughput differentiation mechanisms of EDCF.     

Low lying energy levels of CsFeCl3

Submillimeter wave ESR has been performed to investigate the singlet ground state and the first excited doublet of the quasi-1D hexagonal magnet CsFeCl₃ at 4.2 K. Using backward travelling wave tubes of 220 GHz and 370 GHz bands combined with pulsed magnetic fields up to 10 T, we succeeded in observing all five possible transitions for H//c and HIc for the first time. The results suggest that the single ion model is not applicable to this system in order to interpret all the absorption lines observed in our experiment.     

量子系统的有效维数鉴别和约化理论

考虑在外界激光脉冲控制下的含近简并能级的多能级系统的量子动力学,该多能级系统模型包括了一个基态和多个激发态,其中假设基态与各个激发态之间都存在跃迁。 研究了不同激光脉冲场控制下的基态到近简并多能级激发态的布居转移。研究表明,在脉冲激光很短时,所考虑的多能级系统可以约化为一个二能级系统,并得到了在激光脉冲为多频弱场和单频强场时有效二能级系统参数的近似解析公式。以上结果可以推广到有多组近简并能级的多能级系统,用来鉴别有效控制维数,简化设计系统的控制策略。     

Saturation of resonant third-harmonic generation due to self-defocusing and a redistribution of the population densities

Using a high-power excimer laser, pumped dye laser third-harmonic generation in strontium was investigated around several two-photon resonances for input intensities which are well above the onset of saturation. The dominant role of self-defocusing and of the time-dependent redistribution of the population densities is demonstrated. Strong stimulated emission on several transitions branching off from the excited state of the two-photon resonance and several competing parametric processes have been observed. Good agreement is obtained with a theoretical model which accounts for the redistribution of the population densities and which shows the importance of the ac Stark effect for the central structure of the high-intensity conversion profiles.     

随机Petri网模型中变迁的串、并联性能等价化简技术

随机Petri网的状态空间爆炸问题的研究始终是Petri网研究的主要问题之一.在随机Petri网模型中,变迁的串、并联是Petri网模型的主要基本形式,对它的化简不仅有助于解决随机Petri网状态空间的爆炸问题,而且也为其他随机Petri网的化简技术提供一个坚实的基础.另外在诸如工作流、多媒体等重要的随机Petri网模型中也存在大量的变迁的串、并联结构,所以对随机Petri网模型变迁的串、并联的化简,特别是能够推导出它的性能等价的数学公式就显得很有必要.本文详细阐述了随机Petri网变迁的串并联的模型化简技术,推导出了变迁的串、并联化简的性能等价公式,并给出一个化简的例子,最后对结果的相关问题进行了分析.     

Electromodulation spectroscopy of the ground and excited state transitions in GaInN/AlInN multi-quantum wells

Contactless electroreflectance (CER) has been applied to investigate energies and intensities of optical transitions in GaInN/AlInN multi-quantum wells (MQWs) with the various QW widths (1.55 and 1.8 nm) and barrier thicknesses (3 and 6 nm). In addition to the ground state transition, optical transitions related to excited states (2H–1C and 1H–2C transitions, where kH–lC denotes a transition between the kth valence and the lth conduction subbands) have been observed in CER spectra. It has been found that the intensities of 2H–1C and 1H–2C transitions (i.e., transitions which are forbidden for non-polar square-like QWs) are comparable with the intensity of the ground state transition. In addition, it has been observed that the relative intensities of QW transitions depend on both the QW width as well as the barrier thickness. This experimental observation has been confirmed by theoretical calculations performed in the framework of the electron effective mass approximation model taking into account polarization effects in wurtzite III-N alloys. The calculations clearly show that the intensity of QW transitions for GaInN/AlInN MQWs strongly varies with the QW width as well as the barrier thickness.     

Deep global-attention based convolutional network with dense connections for text classification

Text classification is a classic task innatural language process (NLP). Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated its effectiveness in sentence and document modeling. However, most of existing CNN models are applied to the fixed-size convolution filters, thereby unable to adapt different local interdependency. To address this problem, a deep global-attention based convolutional network with dense connections (DGA-CCN) is proposed. In the framework, dense connections are applied to connect each convolution layer to each of the other layers which can accept information from all previous layers and get multiple sizes of local information. Then the local information extracted by the convolution layer is reweighted by deep global-attention to obtain a sequence representation with more valuable information of the whole sequence. A series of experiments are conducted on five text classification benchmarks, and the experimental results show that the proposed model improves upon the state of-the-art baselines on four of five datasets, which can show the effectiveness of our model for text classification.     

强耦合二维磁极化子的内部激发态

研究二维磁极化子内部激发态的性质。采用么正交换和线性结合算符方法。计算晶体中二维磁极化子的第一内部激发态能量及振动频率，并对2种极限情况进行讨论，以晶体AgCl为例作了数值计算，结果表明，二维磁极化子的第一内部激发态能量和振动频率随磁场B的增加而增加。     

Shallow impurities in quantum-well structures: A far infrared view

Recent high magnetic field, far infrared transmission and photoconductivity experiments on shallow donor impurities (Si) doped in the centers of the wells, the centers of the barriers and the edges of the wells in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures are described. For donors doped in the centers of the wells, transitions to various high excited states have been observed. The assignment of these transitions and their relationship to the hydrogenic transitions in bulk (three dimensional) semiconductors is discussed. The edge-doped samples show dramatic differences in line shape for otherwise identical samples doped at the top and bottom of the GaAs wells. It is concluded from comparison with model calculations that the Si donors are redistributed along the growth direction, and such modeling should permit the determination of the impurity distribution non-destructively. Samples doped in the centers of the barriers show two lines at frequencies lower than that of the well-center impurities. The dominant line is due to electrons in the wells bound to their parent positive donor ions in the centers of the barriers. Possible origins of the weaker line are discussed.     

甚长波量子阱红外探测器中的双激发态工作机理

通过对甚长波量子阱红外探测器的变温变偏压光谱实验,发现了光电流谱峰值响应波长与半高宽随偏置电压和温度变化均会发生变化,尤其以小偏压下峰值移动明显.结合器件能带结构计算的结果,提出了甚长波量子阱红外探测器中双激发态工作模型,并阐明了其中束缚态-准束缚态跃迁模式中准束缚态的物理特性,包括隧穿特性和热离化特性,以及不同工作条件下这两种物理过程在形成光电流时的主导性.同时,验证了甚长波量子阱红外探测器件的第一激发态随外界工作条件的变化会呈现出准束缚到准连续的变化特性.最后,揭示了在甚长波量子阱红外探测器工作中束缚态-准束缚态跃迁工作模式对于降低器件暗电流、提升器件工作温度、提高器件探测率的有效性.     

Support Vector Regression Model for Millimeter Wave Transitions

In this paper, we introduce a new method, support vector regression (SVR) method, to model millimeter wave transitions. SVR is based on the structural risk minimization (SRM) principle, which leads to good generalization ability for regression problem. The SVR model can be electromagnetically developed with a set of training data and testing data which produced by the electromagnetic simulation. Two Ka-band millimeter wave transitions, i.e., waveguide to microstrip transition and coaxial to waveguide adapter, are used as examples to validate the method. Experimental results show that the developed SVR models have a good predictive ability, and they are useful for interactive CAD of millimeter wave transitions.     

The effects of longitudinal gain distributions on the static andthe dynamic properties in a λ/4 phase-shifted DFB laser

The static and dynamic behaviors of the index-coupled DFB lasers are analyzed. In previous models, spatially dependent values were used for the refractive index distribution, but an averaged value was used for the gain distribution. The key feature of our model is that the “refractive index” and “gain” distributions are spatially dependent. The results of our model show a better agreement with an accurate model such as experimental data compared to those of the previous models. It was known that in the index-coupled DFB-lasers the gain profile as well as the refractive index profile plays an important role in determining the lasing characteristics, such as mode instability, chirping, linearity in the GRIN curve, and output power     

类氖钼基态到（n＝3，4）88个能级的碰撞强度

采用“快速”扭曲波方法和程序ＭＣＤＷ（九）,计算了类氖钼基态到８８个（ｎ４）激发态能级的电子碰撞激发截面,并与国外完全相对论理论数据进行了详细比较,一般差别在１０％左右,表明作者发展与建立的一套方法和程序不仅实现了“快速”计算而且有相当高的精度。     

"It's a small world after all": NoC performance optimization via long-range link insertion

Networks-on-chip (NoCs) represent a promising solution to complex on-chip communication problems. The NoC communication architectures considered so far are based on either completely regular or fully customized topologies. In this paper, we present a methodology to automatically synthesize an architecture which is neither regular nor fully customized. Instead, the communication architecture we propose is a superposition of a few long-range links and a standard mesh network. The few application-specific long-range links we insert significantly increase the critical traffic workload at which the network transitions from a free to a congested state. This way, we can exploit the benefits offered by both complete regularity and partial topology customization. Indeed, our experimental results demonstrate a significant reduction in the average packet latency and a major improvement in the achievable network through with minimal impact on network topology.     

Author's reply to comments on “Propagation of EM pulsesexcited by electric dipole in a conducting medium”

It is not surprising that our paper attracted Dr. Wait's interest, since this subject is one of his many contributions. We mentioned that previous studies are “incomplete” because they report either magnetic fields or electric fields excited by a step-junction excitation that is only a special case (as reaffirmed by Dr. Wait). We presented both electric and magnetic fields excited by an impulsive excitation from which the EM field excited by any arbitrary excitation can be obtained by a convolution. This information was needed because we attempted to find the optimal excitation that can excite a maximum electric field. In our humble opinion, our solution is “exact” because we solved Maxwell's equation exactly within the assumption of frequency independent conductivity and permittivity. The adjective “complete” means that we have presented complete expressions for both the electric and magnetic fields. It is not our intention in using these adjectives to be immodest     

A Novel Analytical Model of Resonance Effects of Log-Periodic Planar Antennas

In this paper a new analytical model about the calculation of resonance frequencies and bandwidth of log-periodic planar antennas is proposed. The two previous known models and our novel model are compared to numerical simulations and experimental measurements. In the theoretical part analytical calculations are opposed to the results of reflection parameter simulations. Our model shows a very good coincidence according to the number and position of resonance frequencies. We show that this is not the case for the previous models. For the experimental validation of the novel model several devices with different geometries were fabricated and characterized in the 1–8 GHz frequency range. All considered antenna structures exhibit an excellent coincidence between calculations, simulations and measurements.      

Accurate frequency of the 119 μm methanol laser from tunablefar-infrared absorption spectroscopy

High-accuracy absorption spectroscopy of CH₃OH in the far infrared is discussed. In addition to 22 transitions in the ground state, the frequency of the (n, τ, J, K), (0, 1, 16, 8)→(0, 2, 15, 7) transition in the ν₅ excited vibrational level, which is responsible for the laser emission at 119 μm, was measured. The measured frequency is 2,522,782.57(10) MHz at zero pressure, with a pressure shift of 6.1(32) kHz/Pa (0.805(420) MHz/torr). An accurate remeasurement of the laser emission frequency has also been performed, and the results are in good agreement     

Channel Modeling for Multiple Satellite Broadcasting Systems

In this contribution we present the results of a study on land mobile satellite channel models for satellite systems with multiple satellites. The slow fading of our channel model for several satellites is based on a Markov channel state model for joint processes while the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the signal amplitude within each state is fitted to the Loo distribution. The correlation between two satellite channels and the channel spatial autocorrelation have also been studied. We show that a channel state model that uses a Markov state model of order one or of a fixed higher order is not appropriate if the state duration is of very high importance, which can be the case in the process of system planning. Therefore, we propose a dynamic higher order Markov state model for joint processes that depends on the current state duration. This approach models precisely any PDF of the channel state duration for both single and multiple satellite broadcasting systems while having a significantly lower computational complexity than a fixed higher order Markov model. It models the channel states of the whole system correctly, as well as the channel states of each satellite observed independently. It is able to capture the state correlation between multiple satellites. We also study possible approximations of the proposed models in order to reduce their computational complexity while having a good PDF match. Our channel state models are validated by measurements.      

Optimizing scheme for probabilistic remote preparation of a two-qubit state

Remote state preparation is increasingly becoming attractive in recent years, people have already started theoretical and experimental research, and have made valuable research results. Recently, a scheme for probabilistic remote preparation of a general two-qubit state was proposed （Wang Z Y in Quantum Inf Process. 11：1585, 2012））. In this paper, we present a modified scheme for probabilistic remote preparation of a general two-qubit state. To complete the scheme, the new and feasible complete orthogonal basis vectors have been introduced. Compared with the previous schemes, the advantage of our schemes is that the total success probability of remote state preparation will be greatly improved. The probability of success regarding this scheme is calculated in both general and particular cases. The results show that the success probability of remote state preparation can be improved a little. However, in certain special cases, the success probability of preparation can be greatly improved. In special cases, the success probability of preparation can be improved to 1. The security analysis of the scheme is provided in details.