高压计量整体误差现场校验技术研究与应用

为解决现有高压电能计量装置的整体误差校验现场工作,提出了一种高压计量整体误差现场校验装置,将电压互感器、电流互感器、二次压降及低压电能表作为一个被测试的整体,通过装置输出的高压大电流模拟高压电能计量装置的实际运行工况,实现计量误差的现场校验。     

交流采样测量装置的在线实时误差监测系统

交流采样测量装置可快速,准确地采集各种电力参数.是实现电力调度自动化、电气参数在线实时监控的重要计量设备,介绍了该装置监测系统的基本原理、软硬件设计,提出了确保计量设备准确度和稳定性的技术措施,应用了电流回路不开路、电压回路不短路保护技术实例运行结果,实现了交流采样测量装置实时误差的在线校验、自动校验和远程监测.     

基于IEC 61850的电能计量装置远程校验

针对传统电能计量装置现场校验方式存在的校验周期长、工作强度大、成本高以及已投运的远校系统无统一通信标准等问题,提出并实现了一种基于IEC 61850标准的电能计量装置远程校验系统,选取标准中已有的功能逻辑节点并结合电能计量装置远程校验的实际需求,进行适当的扩展,实现了基于IEC 61850标准的现场校验装置通信建模,并采用变电站视图使远校系统主站可直接与现场校验装置进行通信。现场应用说明,基于IEC 61850的远校系统可实现安全、可靠、实时的电能计量装置远程检测,同时系统可实现电能计量装置远程误差校验、互感器二次负荷测试、电压互感器二次回路压降测试等功能。     

基于BP神经网络的高压电能计量装置误差校正研究

由于传统方法忽略了对高压电能计量装置比例系数、积分系数及微分系数关系的调整,导致误差校正耗时长、校正效果差,为解决该问题,提出了基于BP神经网络的高压电能计量装置误差校正方法。采集高压电能计量装置运行数据,根据采集数据对高压电能计量装置比例系数、积分系数及微分系数进行调整,使三者可以相互匹配且能相互约束,在相互约束条件下,从非线性组合中寻找高压电能计量装置误差校正的最佳权值。采用递阶遗传优化方式进行BP神经网络结构优化,设计权值学习过程,利用优化后的BP神经网络对权值不断调整,实现高压电能计量装置误差校正。仿真实验表明,研究方法的误差校正效果好、耗时短,具有可靠性。     

高压电能表在智能电网中的应用研究

介绍了智能电网中的高级计量体系和需求侧管理的概念,结合传统高压电能计量装置的若干问题,分析了新型高压电能表的工作原理,提出了高压电能表应用于智能电网中配网计量的主要应用方案,并结合实际运行情况进行了应用分析.     

基于矩形卷积窗算法的电子式电流 互感器在线校验系统

鉴于传统的FFT（快速傅里叶）算法仅适用于整周期采样后的离散信号,电流互感器校验系统硬件容易混入噪声等问题,基于矩形卷积窗算法设计了一种可对电子式电流互感器进行不停电校验的在线校验系统。介绍了校验系统的整体结构,采用FFT加四重矩形卷积窗的高精度插值算法,并设计了一种复合滤波法程序以消除随机误差。其中,设计的虚拟校验系统可以有效降低硬件成本,避免硬件中可能混入的噪声,可以针对现场运行的电子式电流互感器进行在线校验,更精确地反映一次侧电流电压值,提高了电力系统的可靠性。实验结果表明：相对于传统的FFT算法的校验系统,所设计基于矩形卷积窗算法的虚拟校验系统有更高精度。     

多只电压互感器同步校验系统研制

针对目前省级计量中心对电压互感器(TV)校验量大幅增加而校验工作人力有限的实际情况,介绍了一种多只电压互感器同步校验系统的误差算法、工作原理及系统研制方案。该系统与传统的多只电压互感器校验系统相比,采用高端测差法和仿真负载,无需继电器切换电路和多次升压降压,能在短时间内一次同步校验最多12只TV。并在样机研制基础上进行了试验,验证了校验方案的可行性。     

电能计量联合接线盒防雷措施设计

电能计量装置是用来对电力系统中的电压、电流、功率因数、电能参数等进行量取的计量器具。电能计量装置通常采用联合接线盒的接线方式,操作方便,节约成本,便于测试校验。如今,电能表一般采用电子式电能表,电子元器件耐压能力一般较弱,使用过程中经常遇到因雷击过电压而造成损毁,需要对其进行合理防护。本文通过研究分析,采用了在联合接线盒侧连接避雷器以预防雷电过电压,可有效解决问题。     

多只电压互感器同步校验误差分析

针对目前省市级计量检定部门电压互感器校验量大幅增加,而校验工作人力有限的实际情况,介绍了一种能一次同步校验12只电压互感器的高效方法,分析了电压互感器误差组成,基于高端测差法设计了多只电压互感器同步校验系统接线方案,对12只电压互感器并联给标准电压互感器带来的附加误差进行了理论分析与计算,并通过试验验证了误差理论的正确性及校验方案的可行性。     

城市人工煤气流量贸易计量装置改造方案研究

介绍了一例对采用节流装置测量方式的人工煤气流量贸易计量装置的改造方案,新方案中提出了提高装置流量测量准确度的若干措施,充分考虑了装置的可溯源性,以保证贸易计量的科学公正性。     

New technology for electrical metering monitoring and control instrumentation

Presently, individual instruments are available at reasonable costs for metering, monitoring and controlling the use of electrical energy. Many of these instruments have been developed in the last few years and make varying degrees of use of sophisticated electronic components and microprocessor chips. Performance data collected on the use of these instruments have shown that there are substantial energy and cost savings possible from widespread application of these devices. The purpose of this paper is to enumerate briefly some data on the costs and benefits of instruments which allow time of day and demand metering, monitoring of energy use and cost, direct load control and indirect load control. Finally, an integrated instrument is proposed which combines these varied functions into one low cost device to provides cost effective electrical energy conservation.     

The delivery of low-cost,low-carbon rural energy services

The provision of both electrical and mechanical energy services can play a critical role in poverty alleviation for the almost two billion rural users who currently lack access to electricity. Distributed generation using diesel generators remains a common means of electricity provision for rural communities throughout the world. Due to rising fuel costs, the need to address poverty, and consequences of global warming, it is necessary to develop cost efficient means of reducing fossil fuel consumption in isolated diesel microgrids. Based on a case study in Nicaragua, a set of demand and supply side measures are ordered by their annualized costs in order to approximate an energy supply curve. The curve highlights significant opportunities for reducing the costs of delivering energy services while also transitioning to a carbon-free electrical system. In particular, the study demonstrates the significant cost savings resulting from the implementation of conventional metering, efficient residential lighting, and electricity generation using renewable energy sources.     

A unified model for diagnosing energy usage abnormalities in regional integrated energy service systems

An integrated energy service company in an industrial park or commercial building is responsible for managing all energy sources in their local region, including electricity, water, gas, heating, and cooling. To reduce energy wastage and increase energy utilization, it is necessary to perform efficiency analyses and diagnoses on integrated energy systems (IESs). However, the integrated energy data necessary for energy efficiency analyses and diagnoses come from a wide variety of instruments, each of which uses different transmission protocols and data formats. This makes it challenging to handle energy-flow data in a unified manner. Thus, we have constructed a unified model for diagnosing energy usage abnormalities in IESs. Using this model, the data are divided into working days and non-working days, and benchmark values are calculated after the data have been weighted to enable unified analysis of several types of energy data. The energy-flow data may then be observed, managed, and compared in all aspects to monitor sudden changes in energy usage and energy wastage. The abnormal data identified and selected by the unified model are then subjected to big-data analysis using technical management tools, enabling the detection of user problems such as abnormalities pertaining to acquisition device, metering, and energy usage. This model facilitates accurate metering of energy data and improves energy efficiency. The study has significant implications in terms of fulfilling the energy saving.     

面向对象的新型业务综合能源计量系统研究

为解决能源互联网和电力市场体制改革在用户侧的能源计量问题,文章面向对象提出了一种新型业务综合能源计量系统的构架.首先分析了电动汽车充换电、分布式电源接入、多表合一采集等新型业务在用户侧能源计量中的数据内容、采集频率、数据质量等需求;然后针对面向对象概念以及面向对象通信协议,设计了面向对象协议的综合能源计量系统,说明了系...     

Facilitation of renewable electricity using price based appliance control in Ireland’s electricity market

Abstract Ireland’s share of electricity generated from RES-E (renewable energy sources) is due to increase from 14.4% in 2009 to 40% in 2020. With this target predominantly fulfilled with wind generated electricity, the need for increased grid flexibility to facilitate this intermittent energy source is becoming ever more significant. As smart metering becomes available, demand side participation will be one option for achieving this flexibility. Using an immersion heated hot water tank as an example, this paper examines the impact that price optimised load scheduling has on the facilitation of wind generated electricity. To replicate real-world data availability, optimisation is performed using day-ahead predicted prices while the results are calculated using final prices and metered generation data. The results demonstrate a correlation between the day-ahead predicted half-hourly price of electricity and real-time wind availability. This supports the use of price as a means of providing an incentive for load response in order to increase the amount of renewable energy that can be facilitated on the electrical grid. Furthermore, various thermal storage efficiencies were examined for the device to reveal that as the energy loss rate of the device is reduced, the financial savings increase, wind generation increases, and conventional generation decreases.     

A methodology for detection and classification of power quality disturbances using a real‐time operating system in the context of home energy management systems

Demand‐side management comprises a portfolio of actions on the consumers' side to ensure reliable power indices from the electrical system. The home energy management system (HEMS) is used to manage the consumption and production of energy in smart homes. However, the technology of HEMS architecture can be used for the detection and classification of power quality disturbances. This paper presents low‐voltage metering hardware that uses an ARM Cortex M4 and real‐time operating system to detect and classify power quality disturbances. In the context of HEMS, the proposed metering infrastructure can be used as a smart meter, which provides the service of power quality monitoring. For this type of application, there is a need to ensure that the development of this device has an acceptable cost, which is one of the reasons for the choice of an ARM microprocessor. However, managing a wide range of operations (data acquisition, data preprocessing, disturbance detection and classification, energy consumption, and data exchange) is a complex task and, consequently, requires the optimization of the embedded software. To overcome this difficulty, the use of a real‐time operating system provided by Texas Instruments (called TI‐RTOS) is proposed with the objective of managing operations at the hardware level. Thus, a methodology with low computational cost has been defined and embedded. The proposed approach uses a preprocessing stage to extract some features that are used as inputs to detect and classify disturbances. In this way, it was possible to evaluate and demonstrate the performance of the embedded algorithm when applied to synthetic and real power quality signals. Consequently, it is noted that the results are significant in the analysis of power quality in a smart grid scenario, as the smart meter offers low cost and high accuracy in both detecting (an accuracy rate above 90%) and classifying (an average accuracy rate above 94%) disturbances.     

Energy auditing kit for cement industries

Energy is now a costly and scarce commodity in any manufacturing industry, and hence, it is essential for each industry to develop an energy auditing kit to find the energy conservation opportunities and methods to reduce energy consumption. Such energy auditing would be unique, depending on the type and need of the specific industry. The auditing kit needs essential tools such as (i) subdivision of the production system of any commodity in several blocks or departments and (ii) a reliable metering or measurement system in each block. The reasons to have the subdivision or smaller pockets of a particular stage of production is to pinpoint the location of the higher energy consumption where greater attention is needed. The reasons to have a suitable metering system is to provide data for the energy audit, allow proper distribution of electrical energy costs to individual departments and to provide historical data on which performance evaluation can be done.     

太阳能光伏／光热集热器设计与性能研究

光伏／光热（PVT）集热器集光伏发电与太阳能低温热利用为一体,通过冷却太阳电池得到低温热量,一方面达到提高电池效率的目的,另一方面可同时回收利用产生的低温热量。PVT集热器可实现较高的综合效率,而且在输出相同的情况下比分离式的太阳电池板和普通太阳集热器占地面积更少,是一种具有前景的新型太阳能利用技术。本文介绍了PVT集热器的概念设计和对其性能的理论和实验研究结果。     

热流量计量分析与应用

阐述了蒸汽闭路循环系统的热能计量原理与方法,在一定的范围内,建立了过热水蒸气热和冷凝水热流量计算的数学模型;给出了闭路循环系统中用户实际消耗热能的计算式和计量方法,使热能计量更趋于合理。采用热能计量方法,促进了企业能源节约和合理使用,节能效果显著。     

风机盘管冷量影响因素显著性分析及其冷量计量方法

本文利用正交试验的方差分析方法讨论了风机盘管各因素对其冷量的影响程度,在此基础上阐述了一种针对定流量风机盘管集中空调系统的冷量计量方法--风侧冷量计量法的基本原理,并对该方法的计量精度进行了分析。