冷冻豆腐复合添加剂配比及品质评价

为改善冷冻豆腐的加工及食用品质,通过筛选大豆分离蛋白、变性淀粉及卡拉胶添加量并进行复配,研究复配添加剂对冷冻豆腐品质的影响。结果显示,以冷冻豆腐的保水性和复水性为指标,筛选出大豆分离蛋白、变性淀粉和卡拉胶的添加量分别为0.5%、0.03%和0.03%(w/v)。结合单因素试验结果,采用感官、质构及微观结构分析等方法研究复合添加剂对冷冻豆腐品质的影响,实验结果显示:当复合添加剂配比为0.5%(w/v)大豆分离蛋白+0.03%(w/v)变性淀粉+0.03%(w/v)卡拉胶时,制作的冷冻豆腐凝胶性好,热稳定性好,蛋白结构均匀、致密,具有较强耐煮性。表明通过改变添加剂浓度和配比可改善冷冻豆腐品质,有利于产品的大规模化工业生产。     

响应面法优化高静压提高鸡肉糜制品保水性的研究

应用响应面法(Response Surface Methodology,RSM),以高静压压力、酪朊酸钠和变性淀粉添加量为关键因素,建立了高静压提高鸡肉糜制品保水性的二次多项方程模型,优化得到7组制品保水性达到95%～96%的处理参数,其中压力X1=269～340MPa,酪朊酸钠添加量X2=1.7%～2.0%,变性淀粉添加量X3=5.1%～6.0%,验证了该模型有效性。     

复配变性淀粉的性质及其在面团中的应用

将冻融稳定性较好的醋酸酯淀粉、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯和透明度、黏度较高的羧甲基淀粉进行复配,对比三种变性淀粉和复配变性淀粉的性质,研究其在面团中的应用。结果表明,复配变性淀粉可以综合各变性淀粉的优点,比单一变性淀粉的性质更加全面,其中1∶2∶1(醋酸酯大米淀粉∶羧甲基淀粉∶羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯)组表现最优异,透明度、凝沉性、冻融稳定性、糊化特性、流变性等性质优于其他组。在面团的应用研究中,添加复配变性淀粉可有效改善面团的持水性和质构特性,提高熟面坯的感官品质。复配变性淀粉添加量为5%～7.5%时最好。     

海水鱼丸加工工艺及外源添加剂对高温杀菌后鱼丸品质保持研究

为获得耐高温杀菌的高品质海水鱼丸,本文以海水杂鱼糜为原料,确定制作海水鱼丸最佳工艺参数后,以白度、持水性、弹性、硬度、凝胶强度、热稳定性及微观结构为指标,研究添加卡拉胶、转谷氨酰胺酶(TG酶)或两者复配对高温杀菌后鱼丸品质保持的影响。结果发现:以海水杂鱼糜质量为基数,淀粉添加15%,大豆蛋白添加4%,食盐添加1%,姜粉添加1%,料酒添加3%,水添加40%,葱末添加3%时海水鱼丸具有较好的感官品质。外源添加剂的加入可显著改善高温杀菌后海水鱼丸的弹性、凝胶强度、硬度及热稳定性(P<0.05),但对白度改善效果不显著(P>0.05),其中卡拉胶∶TG酶为3∶7时,海水鱼丸的持水性为80.73%±0.78%,硬度为(470.96±15.09) g,能够有效减少鱼糜凝胶网状结构的空间间隙,具有较好的热稳定性,与单独添加卡拉胶或TG酶相比,两者复配后能够有效改善高温杀菌后海水鱼丸的食用品质。     

海带无花果叶保健软糖加工工艺研究

该保健软糖的制作主要原料为海带和无花果叶,重点对海带无花果叶混合液添加量、明胶添加量和柠檬酸添加量,以及明胶与卡拉胶凝胶复配比对软糖品质的影响进行了单因素试验考察,并经正交试验确定了海带无花果叶保健软糖的最佳配方为:海带无花果叶混合液添加量50%、明胶8%、凝固剂添加量比例(明胶-卡拉胶)7︰3 g/g,柠檬酸0.35%、海带无花果叶混合液比例8︰2(g/m L)。     

响应面法优化复合果味柿子果冻工艺研究

该研究以柿子为主要原料,与椰浆粉、百香果果粉、金桔果粉按质量比2∶2∶1复配制成的混合果粉汁(浓度2%)进行混合,采用卡拉胶、魔芋胶复配作为凝胶剂,以感官评分作为评价指标,对柿浆与复合果粉汁比例、胶的复配比例及添加量、白砂糖添加量等因素及水平进行探究。通过单因素试验和响应面法分析,得出复合柿子果冻的最佳配方:柿浆与复合果粉汁比例为质量比6∶4,卡拉胶与魔芋胶的配比为质量比3∶1,复配胶添加总量为1.4%,混合果汁添加量为25%,白砂糖添加量为14%,柠檬酸添加量为0.13%。采用此配方制得的复合柿子果冻具有协调的宜人果香,酸甜适中,质地均匀有弹性。     

复配变性淀粉的性质及在面团中的应用

将冻融稳定性较好的醋酸酯淀粉、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯和透明度、黏度较高的羧甲基淀粉进行复配,对比三种变性淀粉和复配变性淀粉的性质,研究其在面团中的应用。结果表明,复配变性淀粉可以综合各变性淀粉的优点,比单一变性淀粉的性质更加全面,其中1:2:1（醋酸酯大米淀粉:羧甲基淀粉:羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯）组表现最优异,透明度、凝沉性、冻融稳定性、糊化特性、流变性等性质优于其他组。在面团的应用研究中,添加复配变性淀粉可有效改善面团的持水性和质构特性,提高熟面坯的感官品质。复配变性淀粉添加量为5%～7.5%时最好。     

食品胶对西式灌肠质构特性的影响

以猪肉和鸭肉为原料加工西式灌肠,研究魔芋胶、卡拉胶、黄原胶的加入量对产品质构特性的影响。结果表明:综合硬度、弹性、内聚性三个指标,三种食品胶单独添加,最佳添加量分别为魔芋胶0.9%、卡拉胶0.7%、黄原胶0.5%;三种食品胶复配后添加,比例为魔芋胶∶黄原胶∶卡拉胶=3∶2∶3时(总胶浓度0.8%),西式灌肠的质构特性最好。     

水分、变性淀粉、大豆分离蛋白和卡拉胶对低脂香肠的影响

将水分、变性淀粉、大豆分离蛋白和卡拉胶添加到脂肪含量为8%的低脂香肠中,按四因素三水平L9(34)的正交实验表添加,研究其对低脂香肠质构、保水保油性和感官评定的影响和最优配比,结合三种指标的综合分析,得到各添加量最佳组合为:水分20%、变性淀粉2%、大豆分离蛋白3%、卡拉胶0.4%。     

无磷保水剂在甜玉米成型鸡块中的应用

为增加甜玉米成型鸡块的保水性和安全性,选用食盐、淀粉、大豆分离蛋白以及卡拉胶作为混合磷酸盐的替代物。以油炸损失率和感官评分为指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化了无磷保水剂的最佳配比。结果表明:与其他种类淀粉相比,玉米变性淀粉可以较好的降低成型鸡块的油炸损失率和提高鸡块的感官品质。无磷保水剂对油炸损失率影响的大小依次为大豆分离蛋白、食盐、卡拉胶、玉米变性淀粉最小。四种配料的最佳配比是食盐添加量为1.5%,大豆分离蛋白添加量为9%,玉米变性淀粉添加量为7%,卡拉胶添加量为0.4%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the