魔芋精粉改良面包品质的研究

本文采用魔芋精粉作为食品添加剂改善面包的品质。使用Brabender粉质仪与扫描电子显微镜测定了面团的性质与超微结构,又用流变仪测定了面包的质构。研究表明,面粉中添加魔芋精粉改进了面团稳定性,增加了吸水量,改善了面筋的筋力与弹性。也增大了面包体积,使面包心的质构细腻均匀并富有弹性,口感柔软,具有防老化作用。     

魔芋精粉对面包品质的影响研究

在面包制作时添加魔芋精粉,通过测定面包的比容,对面包的品质进行综合评分,确定魔芋精粉对面包质量的影响。实验结果表明,添加魔芋精粉具有增大面包比容、改善面包外观、结构的作用,以魔芋精粉的添加量为0.2%(以面粉重量计)时效果最好。如果将魔芋精粉与乳化剂配合使用,制得的面包综合品质更好。      

魔芋精粉对面包品质的影响研究

在面包制作时添加魔芋精粉,通过测定面包的比容,对面包的品质进行综合评分,确定魔芋精粉对面包质量的影响。实验结果表明,添加魔芋精粉具有增大面包比容、改善面包外观、结构的作用,以魔芋精粉的添加量为0.2%(以面粉重量计)时效果最好。如果将魔芋精粉与乳化剂配合使用,制得的面包综合品质更好。     

添加马铃薯全粉对面包品质的影响

在面包制作时添加不同浓度的马铃薯全粉,通过测定面包的比容,对面包的品质进行综合评分,研究了马铃薯全粉对面包品质的影响.实验结果表明,适量添加马铃薯全粉能改善面包品质,最佳添加量为15%.     

木糖添加量对面团流变学特性与面包品质的影响

添加木糖代替面包配方中的蔗糖,采用直接发酵法制作木糖面包。采用粉质仪法、拉伸仪法测定添加木糖前后面团的流变学特性,研究木糖添加量对面团流变学特性和面包品质的影响。结果表明:木糖添加量越高,面团的粉质指数越低,稳定和断裂时间越短,软化度和公差指数越高;添加木糖可使面团的吸水量减少,对形成时间无影响。随木糖添加量的增加,面团的拉伸能量、拉伸阻力和拉伸比降低,而延伸度增加;但是随醒发时间的增加,木糖添加量与拉伸特性各指标间相关系数降低,木糖对面团拉伸特性的影响效果减弱。配方中添加1.5%的蔗糖即可满足面包酵母生长需求。添加木糖对面包的规则度影响较小,但可使面包的体积和比容变小,感官品质变差;木糖添加量3.0%时面包硬度最小,超过3.0%时面包体积、比容和感官得分明显降低。添加木糖可提高面包的水分保持能力和抗氧化能力,对酸度和酸价无影响。     

添加萌发绿豆粉对面包品质的影响研究

为提高杂粮加工利用途径,开发杂粮新食品,本研究以明绿豆为萌发绿豆粉原料,考察了萌发绿豆粉的添加量对面包品质的影响。通过单因素实验确定萌发绿豆粉添加量最适范围为5%～10%,采用正交试验对面包制作配方进行优化得出:萌发绿豆粉添加量6%,酵母添加量3%,白砂糖添加量16%,黄油添加量9%,此时面包具有良好的品质与风味。与普通面包粉的粉质特性相比,当萌发绿豆粉添加量为6%时,面团的粉质特性差异不大,其吸水率升高为68.4%,面团形成时间缩短4.8min,粉质质量指数达145;且可溶性膳食纤维含量增加58.62%,不可溶性膳食纤维含量减少24.26%。     

脂肪酶对面包粉品质的影响研究

通过流变学试验、面包烘焙试验，探讨了国产脂肪酶对面包粉品质的影响。试验表明，与对照组相比较，在添加脂肪酶后，面团的流变学性质、面包品质都得到一定改善。由烘焙试验结果可知，脂肪酶对面包制品的内部组织结构，面包芯柔软度等指标都有较好的改良作用。本试验条件下，添加脂肪酶20ppm为最适添加量。     

燕麦面包的制作及其感官品质研究

燕麦是一种功能性食物,具有降低胆固醇、平稳血糖的功效。通过在面包粉中添加不同量的燕麦粉制作面包,并对面包的形态、色泽、气味、口感和组织等感官品质进行了评定分析,确定了燕麦粉的最适添加量。结果表明:燕麦粉的添加量为8%~10%时,所烘制出的燕麦面包品质最优,与未添加燕麦的面包感官品质无显著差异(P>0.05);当添加量高于15%时,面包表皮不整齐,色泽差,内部组织粗糙,弹性很小,口感粗糙,感官分值最差。     

脱水马铃薯粉对面包品质的影响研究

研究了向吐司方面包中添加不同量的脱水马铃薯粉给面包特性带来的影响，包括面包的松软度、弹性、体积以厦产量等方面。结果表明，添加马铃薯粉对面包产量、柔软度以厦体积具有比较明显的改善效果，但是对弹性效果不太明显；随着添加量的增加，各方面的改善效果程度减小。弹性指标甚至出现了减小。     

马铃薯全粉对面包品质影响的研究

研究了添加不同浓度马铃薯全粉对面包品质的影响,结果表明,适量添加马铃薯全粉能改善面包品质．马铃薯全粉的添加量为15％时效果最好。     

Effect of sourdough at different concentrations on quality and shelf life of bread

The objective of this work was to study the effect of sourdough obtained with selected exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on the quality of bread and its shelf life. Two sourdough concentrations were used in order to ascertain the best bread composition. Fresh bread quality was studied by means of microbiological, physical, chemical and mechanical analysis, whereas physical, thermal and mechanical properties were investigated to study the product shelf life. The results showed that dough prepared with 30 g/100 g of sourdough had a negative impact on bread quality properties in the absence of EPS-producing LAB strains, whereas the opposite was observed in the presence of EPS-producing strains: bread samples at 30 g/100 g of sourdough showed higher volume, higher moisture content and better mechanical properties during storage than samples at 20 g/100 g of sourdough. Moreover, 30 g/100 g of sourdough showed a protective effect on bread staling, thus confirming the effect of sourdough concentration and the positive role of EPS on functional properties.     

不同处理对棉粕储存期间品质的影响

该研究考察了不同方法处理的棉粕,在自然条件下储存15个月的新鲜度和品质变化规律。结果表明,未处理组棉粕的挥发性盐基氮(T–VBN)和硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)随储存时间的延长而逐渐升高,酸价(AV)先上升后下降。不同处理可显著抑制长时间储存棉粕的T–VBN、AV和TBA的增加,其抑制效果为1 h脱水>0.5 h脱水>9 mm颗粒>3 mm颗粒。     

Effect of isomaltodextrin on dough rheology and bread quality

Isomaltodextrin (IMD) is a novel highly branched α-glucan ingredient that has potential applications in foods as a promising source of dietary fibre. In this study, we assessed the incorporation of IMD in baked products and its effect on dough rheology and physico-textural characteristics of wheat breads. IMD was added to wheat flour to reach the US FDA level of ‘good’ source of fibre (10% IMD). Use of the straight-dough method with IMD and regular dough mixing time (8 min) resulted in less elastic doughs and resulting breads displayed lower cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness compared to the control bread. A modified straight-dough method, with longer mixing time (36 min) and adjusted water level (70%), and a sponge-and-dough method were used to allow gluten structure to more fully hydrate and develop. With IMD addition, the modified straight-dough (36 min dough mixing time) and sponge-and-dough methods yielded enhanced dough elasticity compared to the original straight-dough method. Breadmaking methods were identified (improved straight-dough and sponge-and-dough) whereby IMD could be added at a 'good source' of fibre level with loaf appearance and texture similar to breads without IMD.     

Effect of HPMC addition on the microstructure, quality and aging of wheat bread

The effect of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) addition on a basic bread formulation is described. The effect of HPMC as bread improver and antistaling agent was analysed in terms of microstructure. Bread quality was assessed by physical parameters (volume, width/height ratio, moisture content and hardness), crumb grain structure (number of air cells, cells area and the ratio between cells area and total area) and sensory evaluation (appearance, aroma, taste and texture). Bread staling was determined by following both the hardness increase and the starch retrogradation during storage. The microstructure was analyzed by cryo scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). The results confirm the ability of the HPMC for improving fresh bread quality and for delaying staling. The presence of HPMC decreased the hardening rate of the bread crumb and also retarded the amylopectin retrogradation. The microstructure analysis revealed the possible interaction between the HPMC and the bread constituents, which could partially explain the antistaling effect of this hydrocolloid.     

油菜籽粕酶解液对甜瓜采后品质的影响

以新疆甜瓜为试材,分析在温度25℃、相对湿度55%~60%条件下,油菜籽粕酶解液对甜瓜采后贮藏品质及生理指标的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,油菜籽粕酶解液能够有效降低甜瓜的呼吸强度、质量损失率和相对电导率,维持果实硬度、糖酸和V_C的含量,抑制丙二醛的增加,提高过氧化物酶活性,较好地保持了果实的品质和风味,说明油菜籽粕酶解液可以作为天然保鲜剂应用于甜瓜采后贮藏保鲜。     

Effect of durum wheat varieties on bread quality

In this study, the effect of different durum wheat varieties on the sensorial and nutritional quality of bread was assessed. In particular, bread manufactured with six wheat cultivars was compared with bread based on commercial semolina mixtures. X‐ray microtomography was used to characterise the final cellular structure of the baked bread. The textural properties of baked bread and doughs were also investigated. In addition, the glucose equivalent (GE) of bread was also evaluated. Finally, the microstructural, sensorial and textural parameters were correlated with each other. Results highlighted that Cappelli and Saragolla bread samples showed higher protein and total soluble fibre content, respectively, in comparison with the reference samples. Moreover, the GE of the Cappelli, Claudio and Saragolla bread samples was similar to that of the reference samples and lower than that of the other samples. However, the sensorial properties of all bread samples showed a very positive score (up to 7.7).     

Effect of extruded wheat bran on dough rheology and bread quality

Bran extrusion is mainly under study and works should be performed to know the effect on dough and bread. This study was designed to investigate the effect of bran extrusion (addition of 2.5 g/100 g to 20 g/100g bran) on the rheological characteristics of bread dough, behaviour during fermentation, and bread quality. Extruded bran increased dough development time and tenacity to a greater extent than non-extruded bran, and minimized the loss of stability if over-mixing occurred. Extruded bran, due to its greater gas production, also reduced loss of dough height during fermentation to a greater extent than untreated bran. However, breads with extruded bran showed a higher volume and lower initial firmness than breads with normal bran if improver was added. However, no differences were found in the organoleptic evaluation. Bran extrusion therefore modified dough rheology but did not negatively affect bread quality. It could even improve the quality of breads with bran when improvers are added.     

Mechanistic study of the impact of germinated brown rice flour on gluten network formation,dough properties and bread quality

The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of germinated brown rice flour (GBRF) on the mechanism of high gluten wheat flour (HGWF) network formation and dough properties. Therefore, dough properties, microstructures, stability mechanism and bread quality were evaluated. Results showed that HGWF+10%GBRF exhibited a higher dough stability time (DST), pasting temperature, storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′′), as well as a lower compliance value. The microstructure of dough showed that GBRF interfered with the self-organization of gluten protein molecules and affected the formation of gluten network structure. The disulfide bonds and β-sheet structure were proved to play an important role in facilitating the formation of a stable three-dimensional network structure, which revealed the regulatory mechanism of GBRF in maintaining the dough stability and strength. Furthermore, the dough mixing properties and texture parameters (i.e., hardness and fracturability) of breads were significantly correlated. Overall, GBRF can be used as a potential ingredient for whole grain products and its realistic role in bread-making has been demonstrated.     

南极磷虾粉贮藏过程中品质变化研究

为探讨4 ℃和40 ℃条件下,光照、氧气条件对南极磷虾粉贮藏性的影响,将南极磷虾粉储藏于8种不同条件下,以色差、总虾青素、硫代巴比妥酸、游离脂肪酸、吡咯含量为指标,分析其贮藏过程中的品质变化。结果表明,在4 ℃贮藏温度下,南极磷虾粉的各指标变化均不显著。而在40 ℃贮藏温度下,有氧条件下光照组氧化降解最多,总虾青素、TBARS、吡咯分别达(14.46±2.40) nmol/g、(56.33±2.29) mg/kg、(168.00±1.43) μg/g;有氧条件下避光组水解酸败最多,FFA的含量最大为7.92%。结论:贮藏于低温环境下有利于虾粉的品质保持。     

Effect of dietary sorghum germ meal on performance and meat quality of broiler chicks

Two hundred Lohmann broiler chicks were equally allocated into 20 pens after being adapted on a control diet for 7 days. The four dietary treatments containing graded levels of sorghum germ meal (SGM, 0, 75, 150, 225 g kg^?1) were randomly assigned to the pens (five pens per dietary treatment). L-Lysine and DL-methionine were added to the diets to raise their contents to the recommended levels for starter broiler chicks. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the 6-week experimental period. The dietary treatment had negative linear effects (P < 0.01) on body weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed:gain ratio and dressing percentage, and a positive linear effect (P < 0.01) on liver and viscera relative weights. It had insignificant effects (P > 0.05) on pancreas, bursa relative weights, incidence of leg abnormalities and mortality rate. Abdominal fat relative weight had shown a significant negative linear effect (P < 0.05). Dietary SGM had no detectably different effect on colour, juiciness, tenderness and flavour of the meat when evaluated by semi-trained panellists.