热模锻工艺对Ti-1023合金显微组织和性能的影响

主要研究了热摸锻时坯料变形温度、变形量对Ti-1023合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明：变形量不同，热摸锻坯料变形温度对合金拉伸强度影响不同。在经过30％变形后合金的抗拉强度随着变形温度的升高而增加，断面收缩率随变形温度升高先增加后下降，延伸率设有明显变化；而经过50%变形后，除了合金的抗拉强度随着温度升高而略有下降外，其余性能与合金经过30%变形后的变化趋势相同。在两相区(T-30℃)变彤时合金的拉伸性能随着变形量的增加先降低后增加，断裂韧性则相反；在β区(Tβ 30℃)变形时合金的抗拉强度随着变形量的增加先增加后降低，屈服强度没有明显变化，而塑性则随着变形量的增加而增加。     

温度对高W含量K416B镍基合金拉伸行为的影响

在不同温度对高W含量K416B镍基合金进行拉伸性能测试及组织形貌观察,研究了温度对合金拉伸行为的影响规律.结果表明,在20~800℃,合金的屈服强度与抗拉强度随着温度的升高而增加,高于800℃后,合金的拉伸性能逐渐降低.合金室温拉伸变形特征为位错剪切γ′相或以Orowan机制越过γ′相,且切入γ′相位错可分解形成层错.随着温度升高,合金基体内的位错密度逐渐增加,其中,800℃拉伸时,合金基体内形成高密度位错缠结,可起形变强化作用,是合金具有较高拉伸强度的主要原因.随着温度进一步升高,切入γ′相的位错数量增加,致使合金强度逐渐降低.在中低温条件下,裂纹主要沿大尺寸M6C碳化物处萌生与扩展,致使合金发生脆性断裂.而高温拉伸期间,合金主要以微孔聚集方式沿γ+γ′共晶界面发生连接开裂,是合金发生韧性断裂的主要原因.     

退火态TC4钛合金型材高温拉伸行为研究

采用单向拉伸试验研究了热轧退火态TC4钛合金型材的高温变形行为,分析了变形温度和应变速率对TC4钛合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,当拉伸速率不变时(0.236～1mm/min),抗拉强度随温度的升高而降低;当变形温度分别在773、993和1 093K下保持恒定时,合金的抗拉强度受拉伸速率的影响较小,抗拉强度基本保持不变;当变形温度为1 093K时,合金的抗拉强度随拉伸速率的增加而增加;随着变形温度提高或者拉伸速率降低,断口中韧窝数量越来越多,且韧窝的形状逐渐趋于规则,试样的断裂方式由脆性断裂和韧性断裂的混合型断裂转变为韧窝聚合型延性断裂,最后转变为韧性断裂。     

改型K21合金高温拉伸强度研究

对经真空熔炼浇注的改型K21合金分别在室温、800℃、900℃和950℃下进行拉伸试验.结果表明：改型K21合金的抗拉强度（σb）从室温的612.5 MPa增大到800℃的805 MPa,呈逐渐增大的趋势,800℃的抗拉强度具有较高值.900℃的瞬时抗拉强度下降为615 MPa,与室温相当,950℃下降加速.伸长率从室温的7.0%降低为900℃的1.2%,呈逐渐降低的趋势,950℃时伸长率为2.2%,稍稍有所提高.因此,在低于900℃时,改型K21合金具有较好的强度,可作为900℃以下温度范围内的等温锻造用模具材料.     

Mg-xSn-1.5Al-1Zn-1Si合金的高温变形特征

以Mg-x Sn-1.5Al-1Zn-1Si合金为研究对象,在不同温度下进行拉伸试验,分析了该合金的高温变形特征。结果表明:当温度一定时,合金的屈服应力随合金元素含量的增加而增加;当合金元素含量确定后,临界应力随着温度的增加而减小。在高温拉伸过程中,镁合金材料外层金属变形量小,塑性较差;内层金属变形量大,塑性较好;这种差异性随着变形温度的升高而逐渐增大。在变形温度低于200℃时,合金具有较高的强度保持率,随着变形温度升高,抗拉强度下降幅度不大;在变形温度高于250℃时,合金的强度保持率较低,随着变形温度升高,抗拉强度下降幅度显著。     

预拉伸对汽车用高强镁合金组织与性能的影响

在均匀化处理前,对Mg-8Al-3Sn-0.6Y高强镁合金进行了5.5%拉伸变形量的预拉伸处理,并进行了该合金的显微组织、内部织构和室温力学性能研究。结果表明,预拉伸处理可细化合金晶粒,弱化内部织构,显著提高合金的断口伸长率;与未预拉伸相比,预拉伸可使平均晶粒尺寸减小68%,织构最大值减小21%,抗拉强度增加3%,屈服强度增加5%,断后伸长率增加77%。     

铸态和热处理态ZK60-xCa镁合金的组织与力学性能

利用光镜、扫描电镜、XRD和DSC,分析了铸态和热处理态ZK60-xCa合金的组织和相组成,测试了其硬度和室温拉伸性能.结果表明,随着Ca含量的增加,铸态组织逐渐细化,生成Mg6Zn3 Ca2新相,晶界相逐渐增多,且趋于连续网状分布;硬度逐渐提高,而抗拉强度和伸长率逐渐降低.MgZn2相绝大多数固溶于α-Mg基体中,而Mg6 Zn3 Ca2相少量固溶.ZK60和ZK60-1.25Ca合金拉伸性能经648 K固溶后均显著提高,随固溶温度的提高而逐渐降低;经448 K时效后,前者的抗拉和屈服强度有所提高,后者的抗拉强度不变,两者的伸长率均降低.     

时效处理对20%冷变形15Cr-15Ni含Ti奥氏体不锈钢组织和高温力学性能的影响

针对钠冷快堆包壳管用15Cr-15Ni含Ti的奥氏体不锈钢,研究了550-750℃时效处理336h对20%冷变形合金组织和650℃拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：在550℃时效336h后,合金发生回复,组织中位错移动产生大量退火孪晶。当在650℃和750℃时效时,合金进一步回复,孪晶数量明显减少,且在组织中发现有Sigma相析出。随时效温度的升高,sigma相数量和尺寸增加。与20%冷变形合金650℃拉伸性能相比,550℃时效态样品拉伸时,合金屈服和抗拉强度略有增加;随着时效温度的升高,合金屈服和抗拉强度显著降低。与拉伸强度相比,时效态合金的延伸率变化趋势与之相反,时效温度升高,合金的延伸率提高。     

温度对CT20合金孪生变形行为的影响

在不同温度(20~300 K)下对CT20钛合金的拉伸变形行为进行研究,并采用金相显微镜、SEM和TEM观察变形组织及断口,揭示温度对CT20孪生变形行为的影响规律.结果表明,随温度降低,CT20合金的抗拉强度提高,伸长率下降,拉伸断口的颈缩程度逐渐减小;220 K的变形组织内出现孪晶,且孪晶数量和尺寸随温度降低均有所增加;300 K温度下合金的拉伸变形以位错滑移为主导,220 K和20 K下为滑移和孪生共同作用.     

挤压态6082-T6铝合金的高温拉伸力学性能及微观组织

通过Gleeble3500热模拟试验机研究了变形温度和应变速率对挤压态6082-T6铝合金高温拉伸力学性能的影响,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)分析了合金在高温拉伸过程中的微观组织演变。结果表明：在恒定的应变速率下,挤压态6082-T6铝合金的拉伸强度随着拉伸温度的升高而下降;在恒定的拉伸温度下,其拉伸强度随着应变速率的升高而上升。挤压态6082-T6铝合金在高温(300～450℃)拉伸条件下表现为韧性断裂,在较高的变形温度和较低应变速率条件下,合金的韧窝增大且更深,表现出较好的塑性。在高温变形过程中,随着拉伸温度的升高,合金内部的位错密度下降,并出现了析出相粗化现象,导致合金的变形抗力下降。     

Fe-8Mn-xAl-0.2C冷轧中锰钢的组织与性能

利用场发射扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射技术、X射线衍射仪及电子万能试验机等对Fe-8Mn-xAl-0.2C(x=0, 3)冷轧中锰钢的微观组织与性能进行了研究。结果表明,Al的添加使奥氏体化温度明显升高。经高温临界区退火后得到了等轴的奥氏体与铁素体双相组织。添加Al提高了奥氏体的稳定性,影响了试验钢变形过程中的应变硬化行为,材料塑性得到改善。Fe-8Mn-0.2C冷轧试验钢在625℃退火获得了最优综合力学性能,抗拉强度为1220 MPa,伸长率为44%,强塑积为54 GPa·%;Fe-8Mn-3Al-0.2C冷轧试验钢在710℃退火获得了最优综合力学性能,抗拉强度为970 MPa,伸长率为58%,强塑积为56 GPa·%。此外,Al的添加扩大了试验钢获得优异力学性能的退火温度范围。     

Effects of Pack Rolling Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Powder Metallurgical Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W Alloy

Powder metallurgical Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W (at.%) alloys were pack rolled at temperatures of 1240°C, 1255°C, 1270°C, and 1285°C. The microstructures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. The tensile properties were tested at room temperature and 800°C. After rolling, the sheets exhibited duplex microstructures with refined grains. The tensile test results showed the sheet rolled at 1270°C displayed excellent room temperature tensile properties with an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 782 MPa and an elongation of 1.95%. When tested at 800°C, all sheets showed UTS of over 600 MPa and elongations of around 50%. The dislocation movements and mechanical twinning played important roles at the initial stage of rolling deformation. However, during the subsequent deformation process, the deformation mechanism should mainly be the result of dynamic recrystallization.     

Enhanced Mechanical Properties of AA5083 Matrix Composite via Introducing Al0.5CoCrFeNi Particles and Cryorolling

High-entropy alloy particles (HEAPs) can markedly enhance the mechanical properties of metal matrix composites (MMCs). In this study, AA5083/Al_0.5CoCrFeNi HEAPs MMCs with different HEAPs contents (0, 1, and 3 wt%) were prepared via a stir-casting, and then these MMCs sheets were hot rolled (573 K) and cryorolled (77 K), respectively. The mechanical properties of the MMCs sheets were measured by tensile testing and microhardness test. Additionally, their microstructures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results revealed that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the as-cast AA5083/Al_0.5CoCrFeNi HEAPs MMCs were improved from 203 to 257 MPa by adding 3 wt% HEAPs. And the mechanical properties of the MMCs sheets were improved after cryorolling. After cryorolling with 50% rolling reduction ratio, the MMCs with 1 wt% HEAPs had an UTS of 382 MPa, which was 1.9 times that of the MMCs before rolling. Finally, the strengthening mechanisms of HEAPs and cryorolling on the AA5083/HEAPs MMCs were discussed.     

低密度NbTiAlVZr合金的微观组织和力学性能

通过熔炼和压力加工研制了一种多元低密度NbTiAlVZr合金,合金密度为5.9g/cm3,是目前难熔合金中密度最低的一种。采用光学显微镜,透射电镜,拉伸试验机对合金微观组织和力学性能进行表征,结果表明:该合金室温平均抗拉强度为990MPa,延伸率为16%,1100℃抗拉强度达到80MPa,延伸率为44%。该合金是一种综合了固溶强化和第二相TiC纳米粒子弥散强化的新型铌合金,同时也是一种塑性好,可进行压力加工成型的低密度铌合金。     

激光熔化沉积CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金组织和低温力学性能

采用激光熔化沉积和铸造技术分别制备了CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、金相腐蚀、扫描电镜(SEM)和力学拉伸实验等分析手段对不同方法制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金相组成、微观组织及力学性能进行了对比研究。结果表明:通过激光熔化沉积和铸造技术制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金均为面心立方(FCC)单相固溶体结构;采用激光熔化沉积技术制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金具有更为均匀的元素分布;随着温度从293 K降低到77 K,激光熔化沉积技术制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金的拉伸强度与塑性分别从518 MPa、55%提升到878 MPa、95%,表现出优异的低温力学性能。     

Effectiveness of cold metal transfer process for welding 7075 aluminium alloys

Abstract

Cold metal transfer (CMT) welding is a promising process to improve the mechanical characteristics of the hard to weld 7075-T6 aluminium alloy owing to its unique advantages in contrast to conventional metal inert gas welding process. The welded joints, using ER5356, were identified and characterised by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Mechanical properties were measured by tensile and hardness tests. Results indicate that CMT provides better joint tensile strength and ductility compared to metal inert gas welding. The softness in the heat affected zone was very low, but a big hardness gap was recognised in the welded metal compared to base metal. The joint had mechanical property coefficients of 77%, 60% and 69% for yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation respectively.     

固相再生AZ91D镁合金边角料的低温力学性能

采用固相再生方法回收AZ91D镁合金边角料,研究再生合金的低温力学性能、微观组织和断口形貌。在WDW-3100型微机控制电子万能试验机上进行低温拉伸实验,实验温度为27,-70,-100和-130℃;在JB30A型冲击试验机上进行冲击实验,温度分别为27,（-70±5）和（-130±5）℃。结果表明：再生合金在固相再生过程中发生了动态再结晶,块与块之间结合较好,原始的块与块之间的界面已经不能分辨。再生合金随着温度的降低,抗拉强度略有增加,伸长率呈下降趋势,即温度降低脆性倾向增加,在-130℃时拉伸,抗拉强度和伸长率分别为360.65MPa和5.46%;随着冲击温度的降低,再生合金的冲击功随之降低,在-130℃时冲击功为3.06J/cm2。     

Annealing and Test Temperature Dependence of Tensile Properties of UNS N04400 Alloy

Effects of annealing and test temperatures on the tensile behavior of UNS N04400 alloy have been examined. The specimens were annealed at 800, 1000, and 1200 °C for 4 h under vacuum in a muffle furnace. Stress-strain curves of the specimens were obtained in the temperature range 25-300 °C using a universal testing machine fitted with a thermostatic chamber. The results indicate that the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and percentage elongation of the specimens decrease with increase of annealing temperature. By increasing the test temperature, the YS and UTS decrease, whereas the percentage elongation initially decreases with increase of test temperature from 25 to 100 °C and then increases with further increasing the temperature up to 300 °C. The changes in the tensile properties of the alloy are associated with the post-annealing microstructure and modes of fracture.     

Effects of under-aging treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of squeeze-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

The effects of under-aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy produced by squeeze casting were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hardness and tensile testing. The results showed that most of secondary phases were dissolved into α(Al) matrix while no significant grain growth happened under the condition of solution treatment at 470 °C for 4 h. Due to the strengthening effect of GP zones, for alloys treated by under-aging process, the increase of aging time and aging temperature improved the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS), but decreased the elongation (δ) to some extent. By utilizing appropriate aging time and temperature, the best combination of strength and ductility could be obtained to fulfill the design requirements of automobile components.     

Restoring the tensile properties of PVD-TiN coated Al 7075-T6 using a post heat treatment

In this work, a post heat treatment cycle is proposed with the aim to recover the lost tensile properties of aluminium alloy 7075-T6 coated with a 3 μm thick titanium nitride (TiN) film by using a physical vapour deposition (PVD) process. First, it was found that the application of the PVD hot process with a high operating temperature of 450 °C significantly decreased the tensile properties of the coating-substrate system compared to those of Al 7075-T6. The yield and ultimate strength decreased by 78% and 54%, respectively. However, as a result of re-applying the T6 cycle (as the post heat treatment), substantial improvements of 243% and 77% were achieved in the yield and ultimate strength of the coated material, respectively. Fractography of the failed specimens indicated the TiN coating layer to be satisfactorily adhered to the substrate under tensile loading.