Effect of Atmosphere on Sintering Behavior of Chromium Oxide Materials

The chromium oxide materials were prepared using Cr2O3 micropowder as main starting material,TiO2 micropowder as sintering aid,polyvinyl alcohol as binder,by a series of processes such as slurrying,spraying granulation,machine moulding and cold isostatic pressing,and firing at 1 500 ℃ for 3 h in air(oxygen partial pressure was 2.1×104 Pa),industrial nitrogen(oxygen partial pressure was 1×103 Pa),pure nitrogen(oxygen partial pressure was 10 Pa),high purity nitrogen(oxygen partial pressure was 0.1 Pa),and car...     

金属铬粉对致密氧化铬材料烧结性能的影响

以Cr2O3微粉、TiO2微粉、金属铬粉为原料,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为结合剂,经喷雾造粒、冷等静压成型后,采用标准氮气和氧气的混合气体控制气氛,其氧分压分别控制在1 010、10.1 Pa,1 450 ℃保温3 h烧成,研究了金属铬粉加入量(其质量分数分别为0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%)对致密氧化铬材料烧结性能的影响.结果表明:添加0.5%的金属铬粉可明显降低试样内部氧分压,且由于此时氧化反应引起的膨胀小,致密氧化铬材料在1 010和10.1 Pa的较高氧分压下即可实现致密化烧结;致密氧化铬材料中引入的金属铬粉不宜过多,否则金属铬粉氧化发生的膨胀反应会导致材料的性能下降.     

Effects of Chrome Oxide Concentrate Powder on Properties of Magnesia Composite Materials

The magnesia composite materials were prepared using fused magnesia,used magnesia chrome bricks, magnesium aluminate spinel, alumina powder and chrome oxide powder as starting materials. In order to improve the performance of magnesia composite material,the influence of chrome oxide concentrate powder on the properties of magnesia composite material was researched. The apparent porosity,bulk density,cold crushing strength,linear expansion and thermal shock resistance of the specimens were determined. The results show that adding chrome oxide concentrate promotes the formation of the composite phases of three kinds of spinel,which is beneficial to the thermal shock resistance. The magnesia chrome spinel can not be formed at high temperatures theoretically,but can dissolve in the magnesia composite material. Comprehensively,the optimal addition of chrome oxide concentrate is 10. 0 mass% for the magnesia composite materials.     

The Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure of High Chrome Bricks

The microstructure of high chrome bricks made at dif-ferent sintering temperature are analyzed by SEM. The re-sults indicate that the sintering temperature of high chromebricks has an optimum range, it is not the higher, the ber-ter. The high chrome. bricks made at this sintering temper-ature have the moderate crystal size in the matrix and ofdense structure. The closed bonding structure could be ob-tained between grains and matrix and no crackle occurred.The high chrome bricks with this microstructure have thebest dynamic properties.     

微量添加剂对2Y—TZP纳米粉常压烧结性能的影响

用化学共沉淀－凝胶法制备了分别添加０．３ｍｏｌ％Ｃａ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｇ的２Ｙ－ＴＺＰ纳米粉末，在常压下进行等温烧结试验。结果表明，Ｍｎ有促进致密化作用；Ｃａ比Ｍｇ具有更强的抑制晶粒生长作用；分析指出，同时加入Ｍｎ与Ｃdisplay status有可能制备出致密而均匀的纳米陶瓷体。     

Pollution of Chrome Bearing Materials and the Solutions

This paper summarizes the pollution, situation and solutions of chrome bearing materials used in high temperature industry. Hexavalent chromium compounds are readily soluble in water and associated with carcinogen. Therefore, serious environmental problems appeal for the study and application of chrome free materials. Chrome free products include: magnesia based materials, dolomite based materials, magnesia spinel materials, magnesia hercynite or magnesia galaxite materials and zirconia containing materials,and other substitutes. Although any product has its advantages and disadvantages, the trend to development of chrome free products is inevitable.     

Effect of Bismuth of Oxide Content on the Sintering of Zinc Oxide

Densification and microstructure de velopment in Bi₂O₃-doped ZnO have been studied with a special emphasis on the effect of the Bi₂O₃ content. A small amount of Bi₂O₃ in ZnO (0.1 mol%) retarded densification, but the addition of Bi₂O₃ to more than 0.5 mol% promoted densification by the formation of a liquid phase above the eutectic temperature (∼740°C). The liquid phase increased grain-boundary mobility, which was responsible for the formation of intragrain pores and the decrease in the sintered density. The increase in the Bi₂O₃ content increased the probability of the formation of skeleton structure, which reduced the grain growth rate and the sintered density.     

Sintering of Zinc Oxide Doped with Antimony Oxide and Bismuth Oxide

The phase change, densification, and microstructure development of ZnO doped with both Bi₂O₃ and Sb₂O₃ are studied to better understand the sintering behavior of ZnO varistors. The densification behavior is related to the formation of pyrochlore and liquid phases; the densification is retarded by the former and promoted by the latter. The pyrochlore phase, whose composition is Bi_3/2ZnSb_3/2O₇, appears below 700°C. The formation temperature of the liquid phase depends on the Sb/Bi ratio: about 750°C for Sb/Bi < 1 by the eutectic melting in the system ZnO—Bi₂O₃, and about 1000°C for Sb/Bi > 1 by the reaction of the pyrochlore phase with ZnO. Hence, the densification rate is determined virtually by the Sb/Bi ratio and not by the total amount of additives. The microstructure depends on the sintering temperature. Sintering at 1000°C forms intragrain pyrochlore particles in ZnO grains as well as intergranular layers, but the intragrain particles disappear at 1200°C by the increased amount of liquid phase, which enhances the mobility of the solid second phase.     

电熔淬冷制备工艺对氧化铬粉末和涂层性能的影响

借助于ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ和粒度分析等手段，研究了将电熔粉碎法中熔块的自然冷却改进为淬冷后对制备的氧化铬粉末和涂层性能的影响。结果表明，改进后的工艺简单易行，制备的粉末可以满足对涂层的性能要求。     

自蔓延燃烧合成AlN粉的性能

氮化铝是很有应用前景的功能陶瓷。本文报导了自蔓延燃烧合成的AIN粉的形貌、组成及湿法球磨粉碎过程中的氧化现象,和抗水性氨化铝粉的抗氧化性能方面我们新的研究结果。     

Removal of Chromium and Organic Pollutants from Industrial Chrome Tanning Effluents by Electrocoagulation

The treatment of industrial chrome tanning effluents by electrocoagulation (EC) in a laboratory‐scale reactor was investigated. Mild‐steel (MS) electrodes have been found to outperform aluminum (Al) electrodes in reducing the Cr(III) concentration to <2 mg L^–1. The conversion of Fe(II) to Fe(III) is slow in the lower pH range (<6), and OH^– ions generated during EC are amply available for Cr(III) removal by precipitation in the case of the MS electrode. Formation of Al(OH)₃(s) in competition with Cr(OH)₃(s) while consuming the OH^– ion is a cause for lower Cr(III) removal with Al. EC with the MS electrode and chemical coagulation (CC) with addition of alkali proved to be equally efficient for removing Cr(III).     

闪烧技术在固体氧化物燃料电池关键材料制备中的应用

闪烧技术是一种新兴的陶瓷烧结技术,因具有烧结温度低、功耗低、时间短等显著特点而受到世界范围内的广泛关注。自2010年闪烧现象被报道以来,研究人员在闪烧实验装置的搭建、不同陶瓷材料的闪烧现象、过程参数的控制及优化等方面开展了大量工作,闪烧技术得到了飞速的发展。对闪烧技术的过程参数及影响规律进行归纳和总结,重点对近年来闪烧技术在固体氧化物燃料电池领域的应用进展进行了详细介绍。     

废镁铬砖细粉的加入对镁质浇注料烧结性的影响

将水泥回转窑烧成带废镁铬砖经处理后制成细粉料,用它代替镁质浇注料中的镁砂原料,研究了废镁铬砖细粉的加入对SiO2微粉结合镁质浇注料烧结性的影响.结果表明:加入适量的废镁铬砖细粉对于提高镁质浇注料的烧结程度和强度均有作用 ,但加入量不能太多.本实验条件下加入量为8%时,其烧结性能良好.对高温烧后试样的SEM及XRD分析可知,由于废镁铬砖细粉的加入而生成的尖晶石固溶体是促进镁质浇注料烧结、增加其结构致密性的原因.     

铬渣和含铬废水的处理综述

叙述了铬渣和含铬废水对人类健康和环境的各种危害性 ,列举了铬渣和含铬废水的各种治理方法 ,并为工程设计和生产工艺提出了一些有益的建议。     

Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Chromium Nitride Powders by Direct Nitridation of Chromium Oxide

Nanocrystalline CrN powder was synthesized by the direct nitridation of nanosized Cr₂O₃ powder. Powder X-ray diffractometry patterns indicated that pure cubic-phase CrN powder could be obtained by nitridation at 800°C for 8 h. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the particle sizes were 40–80 nm. The effect of the nitridation temperature and holding time on the powder properties was studied.     

Effect of Atmosphere on Sintering of High Cr_2O_3 Bearing Refractories Considered from Thermodynamic Calculation

Pure Cr2O3 refractories and high Cr2O3 bearing refractories are difficult to sinter in oxidizing atmosphere,but they can be sintered easily in carbon embedded conditions.In the latter case it is attributed to the formation of liquid CrO in reducing atmosphere.The thermodynamic calculation shows that the Cr2O3 is reduced by CO at 1 550 ℃ to chromium carbides,which disproves the existence of liquid CrO.This is confirmed by further sintering experiment of the Cr2O3 refractories.Effect of atmosphere on sinterin...     

球磨助剂对氧化铝粉末细度及90氧化铝陶瓷烧结温度的影响

本文以十二烷基苯磺酸钠、OP-10和吐温80作为氧化铝粉末中的球磨助剂，探讨了不同球磨助剂及其用量对氧化铝粉末的球磨效率及对90氧化铝陶瓷烧结温度的影响。结果表明，阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠的助磨效果最佳，OP-10次之，吐温作用不大。球磨助剂通过分散、润滑、劈裂等作用强化了球磨效果，可缩短球磨时间，并提高了球磨物料的细度，使氧化铝粉体的烧结活性增强。在相同的工艺条件下，加入球磨助剂可使90氧化铝陶瓷的烧结温度降低60℃以上。     

Effect of Sintering Additive on the Properties of Sialon-SiC by Gelcasting

Sintering additivesto gelcasting Sialon‘SiC were decided by the optimizing experiments , The resuhs show that Sialon-SiC can be sintered under 1450℃ and sintering temperature dcreases by 100℃，when 2%～3% TiO2 or Guangxi clay is used as sintering additive.     

Sintering and Electrical Characterization of La and Nb Co‐doped SrTiO3 Electrode Materials for Solid Oxide Cell Applications

Single‐phase lanthanum and niobium co‐doped strontium titanate (Sr_1–3x/2La_xTi_0.9Nb_0.1O₃; x = 0–0.02) ceramics were prepared. Dilatometry in reducing atmosphere showed an increase in the sintering rate and sintered density with an increase in La amount. Microscopy of fractured surfaces of sintered samples showed that the average grain size increased drastically in reducing conditions with increasing La content (and associated A‐site vacancies). By incorporating 2 mol.% La, the electronic conductivity significantly improved from 80 to 135 S cm⁻¹ at 1,000 °C, and even larger improvements were observed at lower temperatures. These observations demonstrate the flexibility in tailoring the microstructure and electronic transport properties by doping small amounts of La into the Nb‐doped SrTiO₃ and show that Sr_1–3x/2La_xTi_0.9Nb_0.1O₃ is a potential electrode material for solid oxide cells.     

Sintering behaviour and translucency of dense Eu2O3 ceramics

Eu₂O₃ ceramics have been obtained at sintering temperatures of between 1000 °C and 1550 °C. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, in combination with dilatometry experiments, allowed understanding the sintering behaviour. Moderate grain growth followed an efficient densification process between 1400 °C and 1550 °C, which yielded high-density ceramics with an average grain size of 4 μm. The ceramics had Young modulus of 125 GPa, in agreement with the previously published data. The dense Eu₂O₃ ceramics were translucent (35.1% transmittance at 800 nm of 0.8 mm thick discs), showing in addition a slightly pink colour. We propose that the combination of high density and an average grain size of 4 μm is responsible for this novel functionality.