相关衰落信道Turbo乘积编码MDPSK的分集接收

由于无线衰落信道中差分检测Turbo乘积编码调制具有良好的性能,文中研究了相关平坦Rayleigh衰落信道中差分检测Turbo乘积编码MDPSK信号的等增益分集,这种等增益分集接收无需任何信道状态信息.研究结果表明,等增益合并可以改善快衰落信道中TPC-MDPSK的错误平底效应,等增益分集合并的Turbo乘积编码的MDPSK信号在相关系数为0.5的平坦Rayleigh衰落信道中的性能和独立衰落信道中的系统性能相差仅1 dB.     

平坦瑞利衰落信道下MDPSK判决反馈差分检测

本文主要介绍了在平坦瑞利衰落信道下,MDPSK的判决反馈差分检测DF—DD（decision—feedback differential detection）。通过对多符号距离量度的计算,得出了DF—DD的距离量度,通过分析得出,DF—DD算法等效于是接收端采用了反馈FIR滤波器。最后通过仿真得出．在理想带宽受限的衰落条件下,传统差分解调中存在的误差平底是可以消除的,并仿真了在两种不同的量度系数的条件下,系统的性能变化趋势。     

一种新的迭代判决反馈差分空时检测算法

针对快衰落信道,提出了Turbo码与块差分空时调制(BDSTM)串行级联的差分空时设计方案,并以该设计方案为基础,提出了一种新的迭代判决反馈差分空时检测(IDF-DSTD)算法.该算法实现了具有软输入软输出的判决反馈差分空时检测(SISO DF-DD),一方面在判决反馈线性滤波器中通过引入先验信息,提高了线性预测的准确性,另外,SISO DF-DD与外侧Turbo译码器之间通过边信息的交换实现了迭代检测与译码.仿真结果表明,在未知信道状态信息(CSI)的条件下,本文算法的误码性能接近已知CSI的相干检测,优于判决反馈块差分空时调制(DFBDSTM)约2dB.     

相关时变衰落信道中DSTM非相干接收机的结构与性能

针对空间相关时变衰落信道中的差分空时调制系统,推导得出了一种新的基于信道相关矩阵和时变衰落参数的最优非相干接收机结构,并针对几种特殊信道条件对该接收机进行了简化.实际应用该最优接收机时,基于判决反馈得到的数据,提出了一种次优的非相干接收机结构DF-NCR.理论分析和仿真结果表明,在相关时变衰落信道条件下,采用DF-NCR的差分空时调制系统的误码性能优于传统的差分传输模式.     

一种新的解调译码方案

提出了一种多码元差分检测与软判决译码相结合的解调译码方案。该方案利用差分编码后载波相位之间的相关性,将多阶差分的联合信息用于Viterbi算法,从而实现了多码元检测与Viterbi软判决译码的结合。对该方案进行了计算机仿真,仿真结果表明,在误比特率为10~(-4)时,在AWGN信道中相对于传统的差分检测结合软判决译码,性能提高约1．6dB,在Rician衰落信道中性能同样有明显改善。该方案实现简单。对于功率受限的卫星通信系统,具有重要意义。     

迭代硬判决反馈的LDPC级联MDPSK解调译码算法

该文给出了瑞利衰落信道条件下LDPC级联MDPSK的接收机结构,研究了在不考虑信道状态条件下基于硬判决反馈的迭代检测译码算法,该算法相对于传统的差分解调和译码,复杂度几乎没有增加。仿真结果表明,这种方法在迭代4次的情况下,在误比特率为10-4时与传统的解调方法相比,可以提供2.2dB的增益。     

用于快时变MIMO衰落信道的一种差分空时调制技术

针对快时变多输入多输出(MIMO)平坦衰落信道,利用时变信道的基扩展模型(BEM),提出了一种差分空时调制方案。差分编码按块进行,发射信号矩阵为对角酉矩阵。通过设计发射端的交织及接收端的解交织,判决反馈差分检测不需要信道状态信息。理论分析和仿真表明,该方案能同时实现最大的天线分集和信道时变性所提供的Doppler分集。     

差分MSK的误码性能

本文介绍了不同解调方式下MSK的误码性能,导出了存在相关高斯噪声、判决门限抖动及信道有瑞利衰落时的差分MSK的误码公式。结果表明,存在相关高斯噪声时的差分MSK的误码率与DPSK相同;当系统存在判决门限抖动,且抖动相位ε≥10°时,系统误码性能严重下降;而信道的瑞利衰落存在将严重影响系统误码性能。     

一种新的π/4DQPSK解调译码方案

本文提出了一种新的π/4DQPSK解调译码方案.该方案利用非冗余纠错差分解调的硬判决信息对Viterbi软判决译码时的量度加权,从而改变了传统的差分解调结合软判决译码的量度值,使差分解调软输出的信噪比得到改善,提高了Viterbi软判决译码的性能.计算机仿真表明,相对于传统的差分解调结合软判决译码,该算法在误比特率BER为10-5时在AWGN信道中有1.4dB的性能改善,在Rician信道中同样有显著的性能改善.这使得在普遍采用差分解调软判决译码的卫星通信系统中系统容量和通信质量都得到显著改善.     

MIMO-OFDM系统信道估计的研究

文章以2×2多输入多输出正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)系统的信道估计技术为研究对象,分析了该系统中结合空时编码的判决反馈信道估计方法和二维导频辅助MMSE信道估计方法,并通过仿真比较其性能.结果表明,对于慢衰落信道,可采用判决反馈方法进行信道估计,而对于快衰落时变信道,宜采用二维导频辅助MMSE方法进行信道估计,但要付出频率利用率下降的代价.     

Letter: An Improved Decision-Feedback Receiver for CDMA IS-95 Reverse Link

In this paper, an improved decision feedback receiver is presented for the CDMA IS-95 reverse link. Two techniques are proposed to improve the receiver performance: (1) noncoherent block detection that uses multiple Walsh codes for joint detection, and (2) iterative decision feedback detection. Comparing with conventional "decision feedback receiver," a significant performance improvement is observed via the computer simulations for both AWGN and Rayleigh flat fading channels.     

On Multiple Symbol Detection for Diagonal DUSTM Over Ricean Channels

This letter considers multiple symbol differential detection for multiple-antenna systems over flat Ricean-fading channels when partial channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter. Using the maximum likelihood (ML) principle, and assuming perfect knowledge of the channel mean, we derive the optimal multiple symbol detection (MSD) rule for diagonal differential unitary space-time modulation (DUSTM). This rule is used to develop a sphere decoding bound intersection detector (SD-BID) with low complexity. A suboptimal MSD based decision feedback DD (DF-DD) algorithm is also derived. The simulation results show that our proposed MSD algorithms reduce the error floor of conventional differential detection and that the computational complexity of these new algorithms is reasonably low.     

Fast adaptive equalization/diversity combining for time-varyingdispersive channels

We examine adaptive equalization and diversity combining methods for fast Rayleigh-fading frequency selective channels. We assume a block adaptive receiver in which the receiver coefficients are obtained from feedforward channel estimation. For the feedforward channel estimation, we propose a novel reduced dimension channel estimation procedure, where the number of unknown parameters are reduced using a priori information of the transmit shaping filter's impulse response. Fewer unknown parameters require a shorter training sequence. We obtain least-squares, maximum-likelihood, and maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimators for the reduced dimension channel estimation problem. For symbol detection, we propose the use of a matched filtered diversity combining decision feedback equalizer (DFE) instead of a straightforward diversity combining DFE. The matched filter form has lower computational complexity and provides a well-conditioned matrix inversion. To cope with fast time-varying channels, we introduce a new DFE coefficient computation algorithm which is obtained by incorporating the channel variation during the decision delay into the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. We refer to this as the non-Toeplitz DFE (NT-DFE). We also show the feasibility of a suboptimal receiver which has a lower complexity than a recursive least squares adaptation, with performance close to the optimal NT-DFE     

An eigen-assisted noncoherent receiver for Alamouti-type space-time modulation

We consider noncoherent block detection of Alamouti-type space-time (ST) modulations, employing PSK constellations in quasi-static Rayleigh-fading channels with L receive antennas. The proposed detector, termed an eigen-assisted (EA) receiver, constructs a sample-correlation matrix from the L length-N received signals, determines its two principal eigenvectors, and uses these eigenvectors to reconstruct the two transmitted length-N patterns. Scalar differential encoding is performed at the transmit antennas, and as a result, the transmitted data can be recovered from the reconstructed patterns using scalar multiple-symbol differential detection. In other words, ST-differential encoding is not required at the transmitter and the constellation expansion typically observed with nonbinary signaling is avoided; a highly desirable result under a peak power constraint. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed EA-receiver is only 0.25 dB away from the coherent detection (with differential encoding) lower bound for the modulations considered. For quadrature phase-shift keying at a bit-error rate of 10/sup -4/, our EA-receiver with N=64 outperforms a decision feedback detector by 1 dB (L=1) and conventional ST-differential detection by more than 2.5 dB (L=2). Note that the complexity of our receiver, per symbol decision, is essentially independent of N and is comparable to that of a conventional ST-differential detector. The conclusion is reached that the proposed encoder/receiver pair is a promising alternative to currently known noncoherent techniques employing Alamouti-type ST-modulations.     

On the robustness of decision-feedback detection of DPSK and differential unitary space-time modulation in Rayleigh-fading channels

Decision-feedback differential detection (DFDD) of differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) and differential unitary space-time modulation (DUST) in Rayleigh-fading channels exhibits significant performance improvement over standard single-symbol maximum-likelihood detection. However, knowledge of channel fading correlation and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is required at the receiver to compute the feedback coefficients used in DFDD. In this letter, we investigate the robustness of the DFDD to imperfect knowledge of the feedback coefficients by modeling the mismatch between estimated feedback coefficients and ideal coefficients in terms of mismatch between the estimated values of fading correlation and SNR and the true values. Under the assumption of a block-fading channel when nondiagonal DUST constellations are used and a continuous fading channel otherwise, we derive exact and Chernoff bound expressions for pair-wise word-error probability and then use them to approximate the bit-error rate (BER), finding close agreement with simulation results. The relationships between BER performance and various system parameters, e.g., DFDD length and Doppler mismatch, are also explored. Furthermore, the existence of an error floor in the BER-vs-SNR curve is investigated for the infinite-length DFDD. For the special case of Jakes' fading model, it is shown that the error floor can be removed completely even when the Doppler spread is over-estimated.     

Blind Equalization with Differential Detection for Channels with ISI and Fading

Schemes which combine differential detection and blind equalization, to eliminate the need for phase recovery and training sequence, are studied. Decision feedback is also added in an attempt to equalize null and fading channels. Using Godard and Modified Constant Modulus Algorithms (MCMA) new systems are proposed by combining coherent and noncoherent detection with these two algorithms. For MCMA, as it can track the carrier, neither differential detection nor a PLL is required. Contrarily, Godard Algorithm needs either differential detection or a PLL to correct phase error. While the proposed system combining differential detection, blind equalization and decision feedback can indeed, in principle, equalize different channels, the robustness of the system is compromised.     

Analysis and design criteria for trellis-coded modulation with differential space-time transmit diversity

In this letter, concatenation of trellis-coded modulation (TCM) with differential space-time block codes (DSTBC) is considered under frequency-flat Rayleigh-fading channels with and without perfect interleaver. It is shown that the design criteria of TCM concatenated with DSTBC are exactly the same as that of TCM concatenated with space-time block codes (STBC) in perfectly known channels. They are effective code length over span two symbol intervals and minimum product-sum distance over span two symbol intervals. Based on the design criteria, several new rate-2/3 systematic Ungerboeck's TCM schemes have been found by computer search. They outperform existing optimal TCM schemes designed for additive white Gaussian noise or flat fading channels.     

Optimal decision strategies for acquisition of spread-spectrumsignals in frequency-selective fading channels

The focus of this paper is on the initial acquisition of a direct sequence (DS) spread-spectrum signal utilizing a purely parallel search strategy. A parallel search strategy is utilized because it reduces the acquisition time compared to either serial or partially parallel strategies. In particular, the purpose of this paper is to derive the optimal decision rule, based on the maximum-likelihood criterion, for frequency-selective fading channels. The performance of the conventional decision rule, optimized for additive white Gaussian noise and flat-fading channels, the optimal decision rule derived, and a suboptimal decision rule, also presented in this paper, are compared. It is shown that the optimal and suboptimal decision rules for Rayleigh-fading channels outperform the conventional decision rule. For Rician-fading channels, it is shown both that the optimal decision rule outperforms the conventional decision rule, and that the optimum decision rule for Rayleigh-fading channels, when implemented on a Rician-fading channel, yields approximately optimum performance     

Iterative interference cancellation for DS-CDMA systems with highsystem loads using reliability-dependent feedback

In this paper, coded transmission over time-variant multipath Rayleigh-fading channels employing direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) is considered. Assuming ideal knowledge of the actual channel state and randomly chosen spreading sequences, we show that iterative multi-user interference suppression based on adapted minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) filters combined with serial successive cancellation and single user decoding can reach near optimum performance within a few iteration cycles. This holds even for doubly loaded systems, i.e., when the number of users K in the system is two times as large as the spreading factor N. Further, we evidence that for sufficiently reliable symbol estimates soft decision feedback can be replaced by hard decision feedback without any performance degradation but with significant savings in complexity