复合模板剂下制得介孔TiO2光催化活性的研究

以吐温-80（Tween-80）和司班-80（Span-80）为复合模板剂，采用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）工艺制得介孔TiO2。通过对甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解试验表明：模板剂的种类与用量、光照距离和甲基橙溶液的原始浓度等因素对所制得介孔TiO2试样的光催化活性产生明显的影响。实验结果证明，本研究所得介孔TiO2材料具有较高的光催化活性，500℃下煅烧5h制备的样品在2．5h内可使浓度为0．02g／L的甲基橙溶液降解率达到94．7％，明显高于市售纳米TiO2粉体的降解率78．1％；通过X-ray衍射分析获知所制TiO2为锐钛矿型。     

TiO2@SiO2微球的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用模板法以钛酸丁酯为钛源,SiO2为模板球,制备出了TiO2包覆SiO2微球。利用SEM、TEM、XRD、EDS对样品形貌、结构和成分进行了表征分析,并测试了样品的光催化性能。结果表明TiO2@SiO2微球的光催化性能优于用相同方法制得的TiO2的光催化性能,当使用TiO2@SiO2微球为光催化剂时,在光照180min后甲基橙的降解率达到82%,而相同方法制得的TiO2为56%,较后者提高了26%,具有良好的光催化活性。     

TiO2薄膜溅射工艺参数对其光催化性能的影响

利用中频交流反应磁控溅射方法制备TiO2薄膜光催化剂,研究了溅射工艺参数对薄膜光催化能力的影响.采用动态反应系统,紫外光源为TUV,降解对象为0.02 mmol/L亚甲基蓝溶液.结果发现:Ar/O2混合反应溅射在O2分压大于9%之后亦可制备出光催化能力与纯O2溅射相近的TiO2薄膜.TiO2薄膜厚度是影响其光催化降解能力的最敏感因素,800 nm以下TiO2薄膜降解能力基本与厚度成正比.TiO2薄膜在黑暗环境下长期放置,光催化性能会出现一定下降,但紫外光预照射可以使其有效恢复.     

纳米晶TiO2薄膜的制备、表征及其光催化性能的研究

采用sol-gel法制备TiO2薄膜。用XRD、UV－vis、AFM对其结构、光谱吸收及表面形貌进行了表征。以具有典型偶氮染料结构的甲基橙水溶液为目标反应物，对膜的光催化性能进行了研究。结果表明，在普通玻璃衬底上得到了比较好的锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜，其紫外吸收谱带拓宽，该膜对低浓度甲基橙有较好的光催化降解功能。     

纳米TiO2/聚酯织物的制备及光催化性能

基于聚合物溶剂诱导结晶(SINC)原理,制得了纳米TiO2/聚酯光催化织物。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)和扫描电镜(SEM)对表面成分和形貌进行了表征,通过甲基橙的降解脱色试验考察了纳米TiO2/聚酯织物的光催化性能,研究了浸渍时间、悬浮液中TiO2含量对光催化性能的影响。结果表明,聚酯织物利用溶剂诱导结晶负载纳米TiO2比直接浸渍负载纳米TiO2的分散性好、活性高,且重复使用性好。溶解时间5s、悬浮液中TiO2浓度0.035 g/mL为最佳实验条件,制得的光催化织物对甲基橙的8h降解率可达95.1%。     

纳米二氧化钛的光催化性能研究

采用TiOSO4常温水解法制备纳米二氧化钛，以甲基橙溶液做光催化降解实验，考察各种因素对光催化降解效果的影响。结果表明：加入表面活性剂方式制备的纳米TiO2具有更大的比表面积,光催化降解效果明显；甲基橙溶液的初始浓度越低,光催化降解效果越好；锐钛晶型96．5％、金红石晶型3．5％(质量比)的混晶型纳米TiO2具有更高的光催化活性；进行过多次光催化实验的纳米TiO2经再生后仍然可保持较高的光催化活性。     

具有可见光活性的TiO2薄膜的制备及光催化性能

运用磁控溅射技术在浸渍－提拉法制得的TiO2薄膜上溅射三氧化钨层得到光催化薄膜。采用SEM、XRD、AES、UV－vis漫反射光谱等方法表征催化剂薄膜的厚度、晶相结构、化学元素组成及光吸收性能。以甲基橙的光催化降解为反应模型，高压汞灯为光源，溅射有三氧化钨薄膜的光催化活性低于纯TiO2薄膜；滤过紫外光后，溅射有三化钨的薄膜光催化活性明显高于纯TiO2薄膜。本实验提供了一种制备高可见光活性的TiO2薄膜的方法。     

高活性TiO2纳米晶的酸催化Sol-Gel法制备与表征

采用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备出了纳米TiO2光催化剂，以甲基橙的光催化降解为探针反应，评价了其光催化活性．运用XRD、TEM、FT—IR以及PL光谱技术对纳米TiO2的微晶尺寸、晶体结构、表面组成和性能进行表征．结果表明，400℃焙烧的TiO2纳米粒子的颗粒形貌为近球形，晶粒尺寸为11．69 nm，样品分散性良好的锐钛矿型结构．在光催化降解甲基橙的实验中，400℃焙烧的TiO2纳米粒子表现出最高的光催化活性，这与表征结果一致．此外，550℃和650℃焙烧的具有锐钛矿型和金红石型混晶结构的TiO2纳米粒子，无混晶协同促进效应．     

TiO_2作为光催化剂的制备与表征研究

研究具有可见光催化活性的TiO2光催化剂的制备及表征,以探索具有可降解甲基橙的光催化剂为研究目标,利用溶胶-凝胶法合成了不同晶型的TiO2粉末,利用X-Ray衍射(XRD)实验确定其晶体结构,利用其对甲基橙的催化降解能力分析其光催化降解污染物性能。     

离子辅助沉积法制备纳米TiO2光催化薄膜

利用离子辅助沉积工艺在玻璃基板上制备了纳米TiO2薄膜,考察了离子源电压和电流的变化对TiO2薄膜晶体结构、光催化活性和光学等特性的影响.结果表明,离子辅助沉积法制备的TiO2薄膜具有好的锐钛矿型晶体结构和高的光催化活性,其晶粒尺寸随着离子源能量的增大而减小.在离子源电压和电流为600V和1200mA时所制备的TiO2薄膜具有最好的光催化活性,对亚甲基蓝水溶液的降解率达到了92.3%.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from