污泥型煤添加剂的研究

污泥具有一定的热值和黏结性。以污泥与粉煤为原料，采用膨润土与硅酸钠为热固剂，有机硅与聚乙烯醇为防水剂，制备工艺性能优良的型煤。实验考察了污泥量、热固剂与防水剂的种类及添加比例。结果表明，型煤的灰分和挥发分随污泥量的增加而升高，发热量降低；热固剂与防水剂的添加使型煤的热压强度与防水性明显提高；各因素优化的工艺参数为污泥质量分数20％、膨润土热固剂质量分数6％、有机硅防水剂质量分数1．8％时，型煤抗压强度1．4MPa，热稳定性92％，发热量20．24kJ／g，浸水复干强度1．4MPa。测试值均符合山西省型煤地方标准DB14／133—2005{太原市锅炉用洁净型煤》的各项指标要求。     

市政污泥掺混半焦粉成型影响因素的实验研究

在市政污泥和半焦粉成型过程中,为了研究各因素对成型效果的影响,以达到在较少黏结剂添加量的条件下,制备出强度和热值都较高的型煤,开展了市政污泥掺混半焦粉成型因素影响的实验研究。在实验室条件下,以褐煤半焦粉为基本原料,通过添加不同比例的市政污泥和黏结剂,同时调节成型压力,利用压力试验机进行压球并测其强度。在实验过程中,通过对各因素进行优化,得出了污泥半焦粉成型的最佳工艺。结果表明:在黏结剂添加量为2.0%,污泥添加量为20%,成型压力为35 k N的条件下,制得了发热量在22 MJ/kg以上的污泥半焦型煤,为市政污泥的高效清洁利用提供了新途径。     

膨润土作黏结剂制备型煤的研究

以膨润土为黏结剂,采用冷压成型制备出型煤,主要研究了膨润土含量、水分、成型压力和粉煤粒度对型煤抗压强度的影响.结果表明:型煤抗压强度、灰分均与膨润土含量成正比,并得出其线性方程,可根据其工艺需要确定膨润土加入量,计算产品的灰分.水分控制在14％～16％,成型压力为40 kN,膨润土含量为7％时,可制备出平均抗压强度为1420 N/个,灰分为11.7％的型煤.     

含油污泥基型煤成型条件及燃烧速率研究

为减轻含油污泥直接焚烧造成的二次污染,实现含油污泥的热资源化、清洁化利用,将含油污泥与煤、生物质等混合成型,用氧弹式量热计、抗压强度测定仪、烟气分析仪等对其热值、抗压强度、焚烧烟气等进行了分析,探究了成型压力、含水率对燃烧速率的影响。结果表明,当原料煤∶污泥∶黏土∶杏壳为4∶4∶1∶1,添加水量50 m L/kg,成型压力为20 MPa时,制得的型煤热值可达16 505 k J/kg,跌落强度、抗压强度、浸湿强度分别为97%,454 N/个和234 N/个,燃烧速率为0.016 g/min;780℃时,焚烧过程二氧化硫、氮氧化合物的浓度分别低于60 mg/m3、55 mg/m3,焚烧残渣及残渣浸出液中的Cu等重金属离子浓度,均在含油污泥综合利用污染物指标以下。     

含油污泥基型煤成型条件及燃烧速率研究

为减轻含油污泥直接焚烧造成的二次污染,实现含油污泥的热资源化、清洁化利用,将含油污泥与煤、生物质等混合成型,用氧弹式量热计、抗压强度测定仪、烟气分析仪等对其热值、抗压强度、焚烧烟气等进行了分析,探究了成型压力、含水率对燃烧速率的影响。结果表明,当原料煤∶污泥∶黏土∶杏壳为4∶4∶1∶1,添加水量50 m L/kg,成型压力为20 MPa时,制得的型煤热值可达16 505 k J/kg,跌落强度、抗压强度、浸湿强度分别为97%,454 N/个和234 N/个,燃烧速率为0.016 g/min;780℃时,焚烧过程二氧化硫、氮氧化合物的浓度分别低于60 mg/m3、55 mg/m3,焚烧残渣及残渣浸出液中的Cu等重金属离子浓度,均在含油污泥综合利用污染物指标以下。     

低变质粉煤成型热解的研究

以陕北低变质粉煤为原料,采用冷压成型制备型煤,主要研究焦煤添加量、添加水分、成型压力、热解温度的影响。结果表明:以焦煤作粘结剂进行型煤热解实验的研究中,可发现型煤(型焦)的抗压强度均随着焦煤加入量的增大而升高,选用10%的焦煤较为适宜;在一定范围内,型煤的强度随着成型压力的增大而增大,选择60kN的强度较为适宜;型煤的强度随着成型压力的增大而增大,14%的水分更佳;型焦的强度在700℃以上就趋于平稳化,故选择的热解温度为700℃。     

粉煤成型及干燥工艺条件研究

考察了成型压力、原料粒度、粘结剂和外加水分等成型工艺条件对型煤抗压强度的影响,同时比较了两种干燥条件对其抗压强度的影响。结果表明：成型压力25 MPa,煤料破碎至〈3 mm,沥青加入2%,腐植酸钠添加5%,外加水为16%,并在100℃下干燥4 h所获得型煤的抗压强度最高,达到737 N/cm2。     

含油污泥制煤的研究

研究了影响除油、脱水后的含油污泥与煤粉混合制备型煤的因素,以实现罐底泥、渣泥等的废物资源化。试验考察了油泥与煤的混合比例、混合时所用原煤粒度与成型率和抗压强度的关系,助燃剂的添加量和热能、未燃烬率的关系。结果表明:煤粒度在3.35 mm以下,滤饼添加量(w)在25%左右时成型率88%、抗压强度0.150 MPa、新煤热值20 962 k J/kg;助燃剂的添加量(w)1.5%时,热值能达到23 283 k J/kg,未燃烬率18.63%。     

含油污泥制煤的研究

研究了影响除油、脱水后的含油污泥与煤粉混合制备型煤的因素,以实现罐底泥、渣泥等的废物资源化。试验考察了油泥与煤的混合比例、混合时所用原煤粒度与成型率和抗压强度的关系,助燃剂的添加量和热能、未燃烬率的关系。结果表明:煤粒度在3.35 mm以下,滤饼添加量(w)在25%左右时成型率88%、抗压强度0.150 MPa、新煤热值20 962 k J/kg;助燃剂的添加量(w)1.5%时,热值能达到23 283 k J/kg,未燃烬率18.63%。     

城市污泥与兰炭废水资源化黏合兰炭末制备民用型煤研究

选择兰炭废水中酚类转化生成的酚醛树脂和城市污泥为黏结剂,探讨了单一黏结剂和混合黏结剂对型煤抗压强度的影响,并通过热重-红外联用分析技术研究型煤燃烧释放气体特性.结果表明:为达到民用型煤每个400 N的最低抗压强度,混合黏结剂与单一黏结剂加入比例相当,若添加5％CaO,混合黏结剂比例则由原先9.3％降低到5.1％,CaO...     

Briquetting of Istanbul-Kemerburgaz lignite of Turkey

A lignite sample from the Kemerburgaz-Istanbul area was briquetted with or without binder material. Molasses and Şirnak (Turkey) asphaltite were used as binder materials at different ratios. The effects of the moisture content of the lignite and the concentration of the binder on briquette strength were examined at two different briquetting pressures, 150 and 200 MPa. Briquetting of lignite samples without binder material gave products with low strength and low water resistance. The maximum briquette strength was achieved with a lignite moisture content of 13% and an asphaltite concentration of 12% at a briquetting pressure of 200 MPa. The strongest briquettes obtained with lignite-molasses blends were achieved with a molasses concentration of 12% and a lignite moisture content of 8% at a briquetting pressure of 200 MPa.     

无烟煤的物理性质对其型煤抗压强度的影响

以无烟粉煤为原料,采用有黏结剂冷压成型方法,制备了几种型煤产品,并对无烟粉煤的显微硬度、可磨性、真密度、视密度、孔隙率最高内在水分和孔结构等物理性质进行了分析测试,重点研究了无烟煤的物理性质对型煤抗压强度的影响.结果表明,随无烟煤的反射率、显微硬度、真密度和视密度等指标的增加与可磨性的降低,型煤抗压强度均显示出增加的趋势,这与高压无黏结剂成型时,型煤强度与显微硬度关系相反.无烟煤的物理性质体现了煤的变质程度,因此,型煤抗压强度也与无烟煤的变质程度密切相关.研究结果还表明,不同煤阶无烟煤的孔结构分布和最高内在水分不尽相同,都影响无烟煤被黏结剂黏结的程度,从而影响无烟煤型煤的抗压强度.     

An Experimental Study on Binderless Briquetting of Low‐Rank Coals

The potential of binderless briquetting as a means of transforming low‐rank coals into low moisture high grade solid fuel products has been studied. Using two dried low‐rank coals, binderless briquettes with high mechanical strength have been successfully produced through mechanical compression. An increase in heating value was achieved as a result of moisture reduction in the briquettes compared to as‐received coals. The residue moisture content in the briquettes had a predominant effect on briquetting characteristics and there existed an optimum moisture content for the maximum briquettes strength. The chemical structure and wettability of binderless briquettes were analyzed using FTIR and contact angle measurement. The results showed that hydrophobicity and chemical structure significantly affected the briquette properties.     

印尼褐煤无黏结剂型煤自燃与燃烧特性研究

在内辊式高压型煤机上将一种印度尼西亚褐煤压制成高强度的无黏结剂型煤,对其比表面积、孔容积和表面官能团进行分析,测定了型煤的相对着火温度和绝热氧化升温速率,研究了其热解和燃烧行为特性.结果表明,印尼褐煤在干燥和高压成型过程中,发生了孔的收缩和崩塌,特别是微孔收缩程度要更大一些;干燥和成型过程中有羟基、羰基和羧基含氧官能团的分解;经过提质处理后,褐煤的自燃着火倾向降低,热解和燃烧反应性降低.     

Evaluation of biomass residue: 1. Briquetting waste paper and wheat straw mixtures

Studies have demonstrated that waste paper and wheat straw or their mixtures can be compressed to a relative density greater than unity, and stabilized at that density without binder material. A reduction in the volume of the material also provides a technological benefit, so the material could be transported and stored more economically than is possible at present. The effects of the briquetting pressure on the density, moisture content, and bending and compressive strengths of the briquettes were determined at six different pressures of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 MPa. The optimum moisture contents and compressive strengths were found to be respectively 18.0% and 38.2 MPa for waste paper, 22.0% and 22.4 MPa for wheat straw, and 18.0% and 32.0 MPa for a 20.0% by weight of waste paper and straw mixture. The effect of the temperature and time on the briquette density of wheat straw was examined.     

生物质型焦生产工艺的研究

用生物质做粘结剂以干法冷压成型生产生物质型煤,再经炭化制得生物质型焦．研究了生物质（玉米秸、稻杆）配入量、成型压力、烟煤种类（气煤、气肥煤、肥煤、焦煤）及配入量对型煤和型焦的抗压强度的影响．实验结果表明,烟煤配入量和成型压力对型焦的抗压强度有显著影响,适宜的工艺条件为生物质配入量１８％,肥煤与无烟煤配比１：２,成型压力４６０ｋＮ．此外,分析了型焦和热解挥发物的组成和性质．     

Fuel briquettes from biomass–lignite blends

In this study, a western Turkish lignite (Kütahya-Seyitömer) was blended with some biomass samples such as molasses, pine cone, olive refuse, sawdust, paper mill waste, and cotton refuse, and these blends was used in the production of fuel briquettes. Blends were subjected to briquetting pressures between 50 and 250 MPa; the ratio of biomass to lignite was changed between 0 and 30 wt.%. The mechanical strength of obtained briquettes was investigated considering shatter index and compressive strength. Effects of the ratio of biomass to lignite and applied pressure on the strength of the briquettes were examined. This study indicated that the mechanical strength of the briquettes produced from Kütahya-Seyitömer lignite can be improved by adding some biomass samples. For example, the presence of paper mill waste increased the shatter index of the briquettes obtained. Similarly, sawdust and paper mill waste increased compressive strength of the briquettes. Water resistance of the briquettes can be augmented by adding olive refuse, cotton refuse, pine cone or paper mill waste.     

粉煤成型机理研究进展

阐述了无黏结剂成型机理和粉煤有黏结剂冷压成型机理,说明无黏结剂成型机理主要包括沥青质假说、腐植酸假说、毛细管假说、胶体假说以及分子黏合假说;粉煤有黏结剂冷压成型时,黏结剂与粉煤的作用力主要有固体桥联联结力、静电吸引力、液体桥联联结力;两种机理均无法全面解释型煤成型机理和指导型煤生产实践。在此基础上,提出粉煤成型机理研究新方法,可从了解型煤微观结构入手,研究型煤硬度、弹性、塑性和表面物理化学性质等原煤自身性质以及粒度、水分、烘干温度和成型压力等工艺参数与不同黏结剂作用时型煤微观结构形态及变化规律,建立型煤制备过程/工艺-微观结构-宏观性质之间的关系来探寻粉煤成型机理。