波纹形典型土壤动物非光滑体表的演化建模及其计算机实现

本文根据典型土壤动物具有很强的减粘脱土功能的几何非光滑体表特征,在地面机械仿生学的研究成果的基础上,建立了三种波纹形土壤动物非光滑体表的数学描述式,利用演化计算给出了波纹形土壤动物非光滑体表的数学模型。并开发出波纹形土壤动物非光滑体表的演化建模软件。     

浅析微团聚体对土壤肥力影响的研究

土壤中包括无机胶质即土壤矿物胶体和有机胶质，即土壤腐殖质胶体。这两种胶质在各种力的作用下紧密缔合成不同形态的有机矿物复合体一土壤微团聚体。本文简述了土壤微团聚体的形成，并且分析其对几种土壤类型肥力的影响，为今后改良土壤肥力的方法做出了指导。     

浅谈大地土壤中的重金属形态化学分析

土壤里面含有丰富的重金属,可以说是重金属的仓库。土壤中的重金属能够通过食物链的形式被动物和植物大量的富集。重金属的毒性,不仅与土壤中的含量有关,还有其分布的形态有关。生物毒性、生物有效性以及重金属迁移,这与土壤中重金属的污染物的存在方式有很大关系,因此,土壤中重金属形态的化学分析,已经成为了环境分析领域的一个重要研究课题。     

凸包形仿生推土板表面的数学建模与优化设计

本文根据土壤动物凸包形几何非光滑体表的特征规律,构建了两种凸包形仿生推土板表面的数学描述式,利用地面机械仿生学及地面车辆理论的研究结果,给出土壤下压深度的计算公式,建立了凸包形仿生推土板的优化模型;并借助于遗传算法给出了求解算法,针对不同类型的土壤得到了凸包形仿生推土板表面的优化设计方案。     

土壤固化剂的研究及应用进展

土壤固化剂是一种能够改善和提高土壤工程技术性能的土木工程材料。综述了土壤固化剂的三种分类方式,即按照形态、化学组成和作用机理划分,其中按照作用机理分类时可分为无机类土壤固化剂、离子类土壤固化剂、有机类土壤固化剂和生物酶类土壤固化剂,分别详细分析了此四类土壤固化剂的固化机理及一些典型产品的国内外研究现状。最后介绍了土壤固化剂在边坡固化、渠道防渗及道路工程领域的应用情况。     

接种白腐菌堆制法修复Pb污染土壤的研究

采用接种白腐菌堆制法对模拟Pb污染土壤进行了生物修复.通过监测土壤基本理化性状、土壤中Pb的各形态含量及微生物学指标(微生物生物量、微生物代谢商、微生物商、微生物C/N、微生物群落代谢能力),系统地研究了白腐菌修复作用下土壤理化性状的动态变化、Pb生物有效性的改变以及土壤微生物学效应的变化.结果表明,接种白腐菌堆制法能有效地修复Pb污染土壤,降低Pb的生物有效性,减小Pb对土壤微生物的抑制,改善土壤中微生物效应.污染土壤经接种白腐菌堆制法修复后,土壤中Pb主要以残留态和铁锰氧化物结合态存在,水溶交换态Pb分配系数为0;微生物生物量较高,达2.258 mg/g;微生物群落代谢能力较强,丰富度为72目,群落指数为4.995.     

微团聚体对土壤肥力影响的研究

土壤中包括无机胶质即土壤矿物胶体和有机胶质,即土壤腐殖质胶体。这两种胶质在各种力的作用下紧密缔合成不同形态的有机矿物复合体一土壤微团聚体。本文简述了土壤微团聚体的形成,并且分析其对几种土壤类型肥力的影响,为今后改良土壤肥力的方法做出了指导。     

浅析化学肥料的特点及合理施用

耕作土壤中的养分主要来自于施肥，常用的肥料根据其养分形态和成分的差异分为有机肥料和化学肥料（无机肥料）两大类。化学肥料按其含有的营养元素种类分为氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、微量元素肥料和复合肥料等。     

土壤源热泵系统热平衡问题的探讨

土壤源热泵系统热平衡问题严重影响着热泵机组的运行效率.通过对土壤蓄热过程、土壤恢复性能以及间歇运行策略的分析,阐述了通过合理的设计和运行控制来充分利用“浅层地热能”这种可再生能源的重要性.冷热负荷的差异是引起土壤热平衡问题的根本原因,但不是唯一的原因.优化的设计和正确的运行管理可以充分的利用土壤自我恢复能力,有助于达到系统持续稳定高效运行的目的.     

土壤中石油污染物微生物降解及其降解去向

通过多因素对比预实验，将筛选出的7个石油烃降解的主要影响因素以正交表方法组合起来，对其进行了实验研究。探讨了石油迁移转化对于各种土壤物理化学条件及其他环境因素改变的敏感程度，并找出了各主要影响因素的重要性和最佳水平；测定了土壤中所存在的石油污染物在生物降解作用下的后期产物，研究了不同条件下的样品残留污染物组分之间的差异。影响土壤中石油烃类降解的主要因素有土壤石油污染强度、营养物(NH4NO3、K2HPO4)、氧化剂(3%H2O2溶液)、表面活性剂(TW80)、温度、土壤含水率和土壤透气性；在降解的不同阶段，各个因素的重要性以及最佳水平会发生相应的变化；在生物降解后期，土壤中残留的石油污染物主要是正构和异构烷烃；正构烷烃的色谱图由原来的对称钟形变为左陡右缓的偏钟形；异构烷烃所占比重增大，正十五烷和正二十一烷之间的谱图基线被明显抬高。     

玻璃微珠填充UHMWPE 基复合材料的润湿及土壤粘附特性

研究了玻璃微珠填充超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE) 基复合材料的润湿及土壤粘附特性, 分析了玻璃微珠的掺量、粒径与复合材料表面润湿性、土壤粘附特性的关系。试验结果表明: 随着玻璃微珠掺量的增加, 水对复合材料表面的接触角减小, 土壤在复合材料表面的粘附力增大; 当玻璃微珠的体积含量不超过9% 时, 玻璃微珠的加入不至于明显地降低U HMW PE 的减粘降阻特性。由于“非光滑效应”, 水膜在表面曳力的作用下力图拉离U HMW PE 基体表面, 土壤/基体间产生楔开应力, 使土壤易于脱离基体表面。      

阳极氧化处理增强Al-Li合金胶接板剪切强度的机理

为揭示磷酸阳极氧化处理后Al-Li合金胶接接头剪切强度大幅度增强的机理,分别对其进行机械打磨和磷酸阳极化表面处理,并选用不同的分析仪器对表面处理后的Al-Li合金表面微观形貌、粗糙度、表面润湿性和表面自由能进行测试计算和分析。结果表明,机械打磨后仅在Al-Li合金表面留下纵横交错的沟槽,而磷酸阳极化处理后使得Al-Li合金表面产生了微观粗糙的多孔膜,增加了胶层与合金表面的接触面积,改善了胶质分布的均匀性;磷酸阳极化处理后Al-Li合金表面自由能明显提高,改善了粘接界面的润湿性能。两方面的共同作用,使得胶接界面的抗剪切能力大幅提高。     

Surface modification of polymers by ion-assisted reaction

This paper deals with a new surface modification technique of polymers, the so-called ion-assisted reaction (IAR) to improve the surface properties of polymers and provides outstanding experimental results regarding wettability and adhesion of various polymers. In the IAR, polymer surfaces were subjected to low energy ion irradiation at different dosage in reactive gas environment. Dramatic improvements in wettability and surface energy are observed for the IAR-treated polymer surfaces and can be explained by the addition of functional groups, responsible for the increase of polar component in surface energy. The formation of functional groups results from the interaction among ion, reactive gas and polymer chain involved in IAR treatment, depending on the reactive ion species, the flow rate of the reactive gas and the irradiating ion fluence. The improvement in adhesion between the IAR-treated polymers and coating materials was explained in terms of the increased surface energy as well as surface roughness in the polymers modified by the IAR and possible adhesion enhancement mechanism is to be discussed.     

表面浸润性对冰粘附强度的影响研究

表面浸润性对冰粘附强度有较大影响,通过对裸铝表面进行NaOH溶液化学刻蚀、氟硅烷修饰制备得到不同表面试片,测量试片的表面接触角获得其浸润性,再采用ZDY法计算各试片的表面能,通过冰粘附强度实验装置测量试片表面的冰粘附强度。结果表明,疏水表面冰粘附强度普遍小于亲水表面的粘附强度,表面能较小的试片,冰粘附强度也较小。     

陶瓷颗粒表面沉积层性能的研究

采用化学气相沉积技术对氧化铝颗粒表面进行沉积层处理, 研究了沉积层的高温抗氧化性, 沉积层的结合强度以及沉积层对氧化铝颗粒与金属基体界面结合强度的影响。结果表明: N i 沉积层的氧化产物有助于提高界面湿润性、改善界面结构; 沉积层的膜基分离结合强度较高; 沉积层可明显提高氧化铝陶瓷与金属基体间的界面结合强度, 且有沉积层时的界面结合强度是无沉积层时的6 倍多, 界面无缝隙存在。      

Surface wettability of plasma SiOx:H nanocoating-induced endothelial cells' migration and the associated FAK-Rho GTPases signalling pathways

Vascular endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and migration are essential processes in re-endothelialization of implanted biomaterials. There is no clear relationship and mechanism between EC adhesion and migration behaviour on surfaces with varying wettabilities. As model substrates, plasma SiO_x:H nanocoatings with well-controlled surface wettability (with water contact angles in the range of 98.5 ± 2.3° to 26.3 ± 4.0°) were used in this study to investigate the effects of surface wettability on cell adhesion/migration and associated protein expressions in FAK-Rho GTPases signalling pathways. It was found that EC adhesion/migration showed opposite behaviour on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces (i.e. hydrophobic surfaces promoted EC migration but were anti-adhesions). The number of adherent ECs showed a maximum on hydrophilic surfaces, while cells adhered to hydrophobic surfaces exhibited a tendency for cell migration. The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor targeting the Y-397 site of FAK could significantly inhibit cell adhesion/migration, suggesting that EC adhesion and migration on surfaces with different wettabilities involve (p)FAK and its downstream signalling pathways. Western blot results suggested that the FAK-Rho GTPases signalling pathways were correlative to EC migration on hydrophobic plasma SiO_x:H surfaces, but uncertain to hydrophilic surfaces. This work demonstrated that surface wettability could induce cellular behaviours that were associated with different cellular signalling events.     

Surface properties and adhesion of maleinized polyethylene films

The wettability and the adhesion of polyethylene films were improved by introducing polar groups in the polymer chains. The surface properties of films grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) were investigated. The wettability was found to be dependent on the MA content, on the film preparation conditions and on the hydrolytic process of the anhydride groups. The kinetics of the hydrolysis indicated a restructuring of the polymeric surface due to the movement of the polar groups towards the surface; it did not influence the adhesion properties. The behaviour of the maleinized films was compared with oxygen plasma treated materials, which showed a better wettability, but a worse adhesion on polar substrates than the maleinized polyethylene. These results were explained on the basis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses, by which the main functional groups present at the surface were identified and quantitatively determined. © 1998 Chapman & Hall     

Influence of substrate crystallographic orientation on the wettability and adhesion of α-Al2O3 single crystals by liquid Al and Cu

The wettability and adhesion of α -Al₂O₃ single crystals with different crystallographic orientations by liquid Al and Cu were investigated using an improved sessile drop method. It was demonstrated that the α -Al₂O₃ surface orientation has a noticeable effect on the wettability and adhesion of the Al/α -Al₂O₃ system, but a negligible effect for the Cu/α -Al₂O₃ system. The results were explained by the interfacial atomic bonding mechanism with consideration of the alumina surface atomic configurations.     

电晕处理对高性能PBO纤维的表面性能及其界面粘接性能的影响

对高性能PBO纤维表面进行了电晕处理,优化了其处理工艺。用XPS,FT-IR和SEM研究了处理前后纤维表面化学结构及物理结构的变化,通过单丝拔出试验和短梁剪切试验评价了PBO纤维与树脂基体的微宏观界面粘接性能。结果表明:经电晕处理后,PBO纤维表面含氧量增多,表面浸润性得到改善,单丝拔出的PBO-环氧界面剪切强度(IFSS)提高了25.6 ％,但短梁剪切强度(ILSS)的提高不明显。     

Effects of CO2 laser irradiation on the wettability and human skin fibroblast cell response of magnesia partially stabilised zirconia

Human skin fibroblast cells in vitro responses on the surface of a bioinert zirconia ceramic partially stabilised with magnesia partially stabilised zirconia (MgO-PSZ) bioinert ceramic before and after CO₂ laser treatment were investigated to find the interrelationship between the cell adhesion, wettability and laser parameters. Contact angle, θ, measurements of a set of test liquids were a clear indication that surface treatment of the MgO-PSZ with a CO₂ laser brought about a reduction in θ, indicating that the wettability of the MgO-PSZ had been enhanced. A relationship was found between the wettability and the microstructure of the MgO-PSZ surface and laser processing parameters. It was subsequently deduced that the factors active in causing the observed modification in the wettability of the MgO-PSZ were the increases in the surface O₂ content and the polar component of the surface energy, γ_sv^p, the latter resulting from surface melting and resolidification. Moreover, the investigation into the human skin fibroblast cell response revealed that the CO₂ laser treatment of the MgO-PSZ had resulted in a surface favourable for cell adhesion, as the extent of cell attachment and adhesion on the MgO-PSZ surface was enhanced depending on laser parameters. Such an improvement in cell adhesion, which could be greatly beneficial to developing enhanced bonding at the tissue and implant interface, was influenced by the surface properties of the modified MgO-PSZ, particular wettability.