深冷处理对铜铬锆合金点焊电极寿命的影响

对深冷处理与原始未处理的CuCrZn电阻点焊电极进行寿命试验,利用超景深显微镜、光谱仪、XRD等分析测试手段比较深冷处理电极与原始未处理点焊电极寿命,观测点焊过程飞溅现象与焊点宏观形貌,研究失效电极表面塑性变形程度、表面合金层成分与物相,分析电极失效机理。结果表明,深冷处理电极相比原始未处理电极寿命大幅提升,使寿命从原来800点提高到3300点;深冷处理电极较原始未处理电极有较好的抗坑蚀能力,且其硬度提升,减缓电极端部塑性变形进程;深冷处理电极相比于原始未处理电极能够抑制电极表层Cu-Zn合金化进程,这是深冷处理电极寿命高于原始未处理电极的主要原因。     

深冷处理提高镀锌钢板点焊电极寿命的机理

为了提高镀锌钢板点焊电极寿命，作者提出了镀锌钢板点焊电极的深冷处理方法。采用不同深冷处理工艺参数处理了点焊镀锌钢板的Cr—Zr—Cu合金电极，用这些电极进行了镀锌钢板点焊电极寿命试验并与未深冷处理的电极寿命进行了比较。用扫描电子显微镜对深冷处理电极进行了背散射及面扫描分析，用X射线衍射法观测了深冷处理前后的电极晶粒度，测试了电极在深冷处理前后的电阻率。通过对深冷电极微观结构的观测及电极性能的测试，探讨了深冷处理提高镀锌钢板点焊电极寿命的机理。研究结果表明，深冷处理提高了镀锌钢板点焊电极基体的致密性，改变了合金元素的分布，细化了电极材料的晶粒，提高了镀锌钢板点焊电极的导电、导热能力及电极抗压渍变形的能力，从而提高了镀锌钢板点焊电极的寿命。     

表面阳极化对铝合金点焊的影响

本文采用合适的点焊工艺参数分别对两组点焊试片进行点焊试验。A组为阳极化的铝合金LD10和铝合金LF6点焊;B组为铝合金LD10和铝合金LF6点焊,焊后观察表面形貌以及显微组织,结果表明：当铝合金表面采用阳极化处理点焊时,焊点表面易形成飞溅且内部存在缺陷;显微组织观察发现焊点析出了一种增加焊点硬度和接触电阻率的第二相共晶物,这种共晶物是造成点焊表面飞溅的根本原因;因此,要获得良好的接头性能及表面形貌,必须对焊点表面进行彻底的打磨处理,去除阳极化层。     

深冷处理对7A52铝合金MIG焊接接头性能的影响

采用进口5356焊丝对7A52铝合金进行熔化极惰性气体保护焊(MIG),并对试样进行了深冷处理,测试试样深冷处理前后的显微硬度和抗拉强度,并利用扫描电镜观察分析断口。结果表明,深冷处理能有效提高7A52铝合金焊接接头的硬度和抗拉强度,尤其是深冷处理4h后,焊缝金属的显微硬度平均提高了27.2%,焊接接头的抗拉强度达到315 MPa,比未进行深冷处理提高12.1%,达到母材的76.8%,焊接接头软化得到有效恢复。     

汽车用镀锌板点焊工艺与性能研究

对汽车用HY260镀锌板的点焊工艺窗口、点焊性能和电极寿命等进行研究,分别进行电阻点焊实验、点焊接头力学性能实验(包括抗剪实验、十字拉伸实验、显微硬度和凿检实验等)、微观质量评价和电极头寿命测试等。结果表明,汽车用HY260镀锌钢板焊点剪切力均值为9682 N、十字拉伸力均值为7235 N,凿检测试表面未出现焊点分离现象,显微硬度测试中未发现脆化点,焊点结合微观照片所有点的减薄都未超过30%,电极寿命测试过程中,未出现焊点形核直径小于5.0 mm的点,汽车用HY260镀锌板满足SMTC5 111 003—2014(V1)标准要求。     

铝合金点焊电极端面铜铝合金化机理研究

针对铝合金电阻点焊过程中出现的电极烧损及使用寿命短的问题,采用物理模拟的方法,从点焊电极端面铜铝合金化的宏观及微观形貌、成分等方面,进行了铝合金点焊电极端面铜铝合金化反应的行为、铜铝金属间化的形成过程以及铜铝合金化机理等研究。结果表明:电极端面与工件接触界面发生铜铝合金化反应是铝合金点焊电极烧损的主要原因;同时发现,温度和时间是影响铜铝合金化反应的两个重要因素,且铝合金高温点焊时,电极端面反应生成了共晶合金(Al+Cu Al2),而Cu Al2相和铜基体扩散,将形成硬而脆的金属间化合物Cu9Al4和Cu Al4。     

深冷处理对6061铝合金冷金属过渡焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响

对6061铝合金板材进行了冷金属过渡(CMT)焊接试验,并对焊接接头进行了不同时间的深冷处理,分析了深冷处理时间对6061铝合金冷金属过渡焊接接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明:深冷处理对改善焊接接头焊缝区性能有显著效果。深冷处理后焊接接头焊缝区有更多的第二相析出,焊接接头的抗拉强度、伸长率和焊缝显微硬度都得到提高,30 h深冷处理后接头的抗拉强度、伸长率和焊缝显微硬度达到最大值,分别为212.4 MPa、12.65%、93.1 HV。     

深冷处理对WC-Co硬质合金组织和性能的影响

对YG8和YG25两种WC-Co硬质合金不同时间深冷处理后的力学性能和疲劳性能进行了研究,利用X射线衍射方法分析了深冷前后合金的相变和残余应力变化,通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了材料的断口形貌和断裂方式。结果表明：深冷处理能有效提高了WC-Co硬质合金的硬度、强度、耐磨性和疲劳寿命。深冷处理时间是最主要的工艺参数,对YG8合金来说,2 h为深冷处理最佳工艺时间,而YG25则为8 h。其性能变化的主要原因是深冷处理导致硬质合金表面残余应力的变化和Co粘结相发生马氏体相变。     

铝合金工件表面涂敷涂料对点焊电极寿命的影响

介绍了在被焊铝合金工件表面涂敷涂料以减少点焊时电极的烧损,提高电极的使用寿命.试验结果表明,在工件表面涂敷凡士林、矿物油等涂料,都能有效减轻电极的烧损.表面涂料为矿物油和B4C粉末的混合物时,点焊时产生飞溅较少,工件和电极粘连较轻,焊点质量较高,各个点焊阶段电极直径变化量较小,电极烧损较轻,效果较好.     

深冷处理对5A06铝合金焊接接头组织与性能的影响

针对铝合金在焊接后出现的接头软化问题,采用深冷处理工艺使其强化.采用不同的深冷处理工艺参数对5A06铝合金M1G焊接接头进行了深冷处理,并测试与分析了深冷处理与未深冷处理的焊接接头的力学性能和显微组织.试验结果表明,深冷处理可显著强化焊接接头;经深冷处理后焊接接头焊缝区晶粒得到细化,第二相在基体上析出,呈弥散分布,组织...     

Electrode degradation mechanism during resistance spot welding of zinc coated steel using Cu-TiB2 electrodes

1 INTRODUCTIONResistance spot welding(RSW) is the mostcommonly used method for joining steel sheets inthe automotive industry . In RSW, a weld isformed between two workpieces through meltingand coalescence of a small volume of the material atthe faying surfaces due to the resistance heatcaused by the passage of electric current when theworkpieces are held together under a large elec-trode force[1 ,2]. Over the past decade ,the require-ment of i mproved corrosion resistance in automo-bil…     

Numerical simulation of deep cryogenic treatment electrode tip temperature for spot welding aluminum alloy

Deep cryogenic treatment technology of electrodes is put forward to improve electrode life of resistance spot welding of aluminum alloy LF2.Deep cryogenic treatment makes electrode life for spot welding aluminum alloy improve.The specific resistivity of the deep cryogenic treatment electrodes is tested and experimental results show that specific resistivity is decreased sharply.The temperature field and the influence of deep cryogenic treatment on the electrode tip temperature during spot welding aluminium alloy is studied by numerical simulation method with the software ANSYS.The axisymmetric finite element model of mechanical,thermal and electrical coupled analysis of spot welding process is developed.The numerical simulation results show that the influence of deep cryogenic treatment on electrode tip temperature is very large.     

Influence of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and properties of AISI304 austenitic stainless steel A-TIG weld

Appropriate deep cryogenic treatment can improve comprehensive mechanical properties of the AISI304 austenitic stainless steel activating flux tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welds. The microstructure of the welds before and after deep cryogenic treatment was all austenite with a small amount of δ-ferrite. The vermiform ferrite + austenite distributed in the whole weld, but the lath-shaped ferrite + austenite mixed components only distributed in the centre of the weld. The phases in the two welds were all Cr–Ni–Fe–C and Fe–Ni solid solutions, ferric carbide (i.e. Fe₃C) and chromic carbides (i.e. Cr₂₃C₆ and Cr₇C₃). After deep cryogenic treatment, the grain size of the weld was decreased a certain of degree, and the carbide phase content was increased. The strength and micro-hardness of the weld joints were increased due to the grain refinement. The intergranular corrosion resistance of the weld was reduced because the precipitation of chromium carbides at the austenite grain boundary.     

点焊热镀锌双相高强度钢的电极磨损规律

热镀锌双相高强度钢是适应汽车轻量化与安全性需要而刚刚发展起来的一种新型板材,强度高,抗腐蚀性能好,但点焊时电极磨损严重,不确定性大,对焊点质量造成很大影响.首先确定了点焊强度为600 MPa的热镀锌双相钢的焊接性范围,然后根据焊接性范围确定焊接工艺参数进行电极磨损试验.研究了电极磨损时的电极表面形貌、轴向磨损、端面直径磨损的变化规律,分析了不同电极磨损阶段的轴向磨损对端面直径磨损的贡献率.结果表明初始焊接阶段电极磨损速率较大,点蚀加剧了电极磨损与失效.     

Microstructure of deep cryogenic treatment electrode for resistance spot welding of aluminum alloy

Cr-Zr-Cu alloy electrodes for resistance spot welding of aluminiam alloy are treated by deep cryogenic treatment processes.The Cr-Zr-Cu alloy electrodes are analyzed by transmission electron microscope(TEM),and results show that the common dislocation in Cr-Zr-Cu alloy electrodes is changed into the dislocation loop,and twin crystal is found after deep cryogenic treatment.The parallel twin crystal band is observed by selected electron diffraction(SED)and the twin crystal plane is marked as(111).The Cr-Zr-Cu alloy electrode is studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and results show that the intensity of diffraction peak is obviously changed after deep cryogenic treatment,and the grain rotates to preferred orientation.The Cr-Zr Cu alloy electrode is studied by positron annihilation technique(PAT)and results indicate that the amount of vacancy defects is less than that of Cr-Zr-Cu alloy before deep crybgenic treatment.The main elements in Cr-Zr-Cu alloy are studied with X ray photoelctron spectroscopy(XPS)and the intensity of spectrum peak is increased after deep cryogenic treatment.     

Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on mechanical behavior of a Cu-Cr-Zr alloy for electrodes of spot welding

The effects of deep cryogenic treatment on mechanical behavior of a Cu-Cr-Zr alloy for electrodes of spot welding were investigated employing Brinell-hardness testing unit, abrasion examination machine, electronic almighty testing machine and X-ray stress analyzer. Tensile fracture surfaces of the alloy were characterized by scanning electronic microscope （SEM） with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）. The results showed that, after deep cryogenic treatment, σb and σ0.2 increased 23 MPa and 21 MPa respectively, the wear rate of the alloy exhibited the trend of decrease with the decreasing temperature and increasing time of deep cryogenic treatment, and the surface residual stress of the alloy was partially eliminated by deep cryogenic treatment.     

The combined effect of cryogenic and boronising treatments on the wear behaviour and microstructure of DIN 1.2344 steel

In this study, the effects of cryogenic and boronising treatments on the wear behaviour and microstructure of 1.2344 steel were evaluated. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the microstructure, percentage of the retained austenite, and the carbides' morphology. In addition, a micro-hardness test and pin-on-disk wear method were utilised to assess the samples’ wear resistance. The results showed that the use of a cryogenic treatment improved hardness and wear resistance by 25% and 39%, respectively, compared with a quenching - tempering heat treatment. In addition, cryogenic and boronising treatments improved hardness and wear resistance by 228% and 75%, respectively, compared with a quenching - tempering heat treatment. The improvement in the properties of cryogenically treated and boronised-cryogenised samples in comparison with the quenched-tempered ones is due to the transformation of retained austenite to martensite, precipitation of fine carbides, and better carbide distribution. Also, the formation of the Fe₂B phase affected the properties of the boronised-cryogenised samples. Moreover, examining the wear levels revealed that the dominant wear mechanism is adhesive and tribochemical wear.     

冷处理对42CrMo钢硬度和耐磨性的影响

在42CrMo钢常规处理的基础上增加了冷处理,研究浅冷处理和深冷处理对42CrMo钢硬度和耐磨性的影响。结果表明,经浅冷处理和深冷处理后,42CrMo钢中残留奥氏体向马氏体发生转变,且碳化物析出增多,致使钢的硬度和耐磨性均有提升,且深冷处理后硬度和耐磨性提升幅度高于浅冷处理。     

电极深冷处理对镀锌钢板点焊质量的影响

采用深冷处理的方法处理了点焊镀锌钢板的电极，进行了电极深冷处理前后的点焊接头强度试验，研究了深冷处理对镀锌钢板点焊接头强度的影响。试验结果表明：电极深冷处理改善了镀锌钢板点焊工艺，提高了点焊接头强度，从而提高了点焊质量。