抽油杆/油管耐磨涂层摩擦磨损特性试验研究

针对我国东部地区油田抽油杆／油管井下偏磨严重这一实际情况，提出在抽油杆或油管接触表面进行喷涂耐磨涂层的防磨措施。在摩擦磨损试验机上进行了经喷涂工艺处理的抽油杆／原油管、经喷涂工艺处理的油管／原抽油杆试验以及未经处理的杆／管的摩擦磨损试验。试验证明，经喷涂工艺处理的管与抽油杆进行摩擦时，耐磨性能较好，摩擦系数与磨损率都较低。     

超音速火焰喷涂锡青铜-钢基双金属材料摩擦性能

采用超音速火焰喷涂QWFSn8Zn3粉末制备钢背双金属材料。研究不同润滑介质、不同表面粗糙度和不同摩擦载荷对超音速喷涂锡青铜-钢基涂层摩擦性能的影响。分析锡青铜涂层的磨损形貌和磨损机制。研究结果表明:抗磨液压油润滑条件下,涂层有最小的摩擦因数0.093,30#润滑油、液体石蜡和固体MoS2润滑下涂层摩擦因数分别为0.099、0.107和0.099;随表面粗糙度减小,喷涂锡青铜-钢基涂层摩擦因数逐渐减小;随着摩擦载荷的增加,喷涂层摩擦因数逐渐减小;不同润滑介质条件下,涂层存在磨粒磨损、黏着磨损和疲劳磨损共同作用的磨损机制。     

波箔气体轴承WC-12Co涂层的制备和性能研究

为降低波箔轴承的摩擦磨损,采用等离子喷涂技术在圆盘试样和波箔轴承轴套表面制备WC-12Co涂层,采用自制销盘摩擦磨损试验机研究圆盘试样的摩擦磨损性能,通过扫SEM和EDS分析涂层摩擦磨损前后表面和截面形貌和面能谱,利用波箔轴承实验平台探究涂层实际使用过程中的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:涂层和基底分界线明显且结合紧密,涂层整体由片状颗粒堆叠而成,片状颗粒之间分布有非常微小的孔隙,涂层的结合方式以机械结合为主,伴有一定的冶金结合方式;销盘摩擦磨损试验结果表明,WC-12Co涂层具有很好的耐磨和减摩性能,其平均摩擦因数相对GCr15轴承钢减小约50%,平均磨损量相对减小约78%。波箔轴承台架试验结果表明,WC-12Co涂层也表现出非常好的耐磨和减摩效果,WC-12Co涂层轴套启动时的最大摩擦力矩大幅下降。     

TiN涂层在一般零件表面的摩擦磨损性能

摩擦磨损现象存在于各类机械设备中,造成了很大的经济损失。选用了一般零件最常用的45#钢作为实验材料,研究45#钢表面沉积TiN涂层后,在摩擦磨损试验机上的摩擦磨损性能。通过实验比较不同载荷、不同转速对TiN涂层的摩擦磨损性能影响,由结果显示,TiN涂层不能降低摩擦系数,但能有效降低基体表面的磨损率。     

不同对磨材料对AlCrN涂层摩擦磨损性能影响

在YT15硬质合金表面采用PVD技术制备Al Cr N涂层,并在UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机上分别与不同材料的对磨球(WC-Co、GCr15、Q235、304)进行摩擦磨损对比试验。在不同载荷和滑动速度条件下研究了不同对磨材料对涂层表面摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:涂层与304球对磨的摩擦系数最小,与WC-Co球的次之,与Q235球的最大;涂层与WC-Co球对磨的磨损率最低,且磨损率随载荷和速度的增加而降低;涂层与Q235、304不锈钢球对磨时主要磨损形式为粘结磨损和氧化磨损,与GCr15球对磨以粘结、磨粒和氧化磨损为主,与WC-Co球对磨以磨粒磨损和氧化磨损为主。     

对偶材料对树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

分别以45#钢、铍青铜、碳化硅颗粒基体改性铍青铜、氧化铝涂层为对偶材料与同一种树脂基摩擦材料在MM1000-II型摩擦磨损试验机上进行干式摩擦磨损试验,研究对偶材料对树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响;利用偏光显微镜观察材料磨损后的表面微观形貌。结果表明:氧化铝涂层对偶材料的磨损率最低,摩擦因数适中,但摩擦因数稳定性较差;对偶材料为45#钢时摩擦因数较低,但摩擦因数的稳定系最好;对偶材料为铍青铜时摩擦磨损性能最佳,摩擦因数较高且稳定性较好,铍青铜本身和与之匹配的摩擦材料的磨损率都很低,且摩擦表面均没有形成孔洞和犁沟;改性铍青铜在各方面都表现出较差的性能。     

内燃机活塞环陶瓷涂层摩擦性能研究

采用等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层的方法对某活塞环表面进行了强化处理.探讨了活塞环表面涂层的材料种类、结构及喷涂工艺流程,研究了陶瓷涂层活塞环的机械性能和摩擦学性能,并探讨了其摩擦磨损机制.结果表明:与镀铬活塞环相比,陶瓷涂层活塞环具有较低的摩擦因数和较高的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性;陶瓷涂层同基体有很高的结合强度,涂层不易脱落,并使活塞环整体具有较好的韧性和弹性;陶瓷涂层表面磨损机制主要表现为脆性剥落、挤压剥落和疲劳磨损.     

波箔气体轴承MoS2基润滑涂层的制备和性能研究

为了提高波箔轴承的耐磨减摩性能,采用喷涂法在平箔片和圆盘试样上制备MoS_2固体润滑涂层,并对圆盘试样涂层结合强度进行分析;采用自制球盘摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层圆盘试样的摩擦磨损性能,通过扫描电镜(SEM)测试涂层圆盘试样摩擦磨损前后表面、截面形貌,利用波箔轴承性能测试实验台探究涂层在实际工作中的耐磨减摩性能。研究结果表明:基体表面的粗糙度影响MoS_2涂层的结合强度,其中试样表面进行喷砂处理后与MoS_2涂层结合力最好;制备的MoS_2固体润滑涂层中各成分均匀分布,涂层的结合方式以机械结合为主;球盘摩擦磨损试验表明,制备的MoS_2涂层的耐磨减摩性能较好,其平均摩擦因数相比不锈钢基体降低了54.5%左右,磨损量相对减小了40.7%;波箔轴承台架试验表明,制备的MoS_2涂层减摩性能已接近商用PTFE涂层,但其耐磨性能较差。     

活塞环耐磨涂层及其摩擦磨损机理研究进展

活塞环面临着极为严重的磨损问题,目前工业界广泛采用涂层技术来提高其耐磨性。对近年来活塞环表面耐磨涂层制备技术及相关材料进行了综述,分析了活塞环表面摩擦磨损机理的研究成果及存在的问题,总结了相关磨损实验装置的研究进展。     

微滑动条件下PS304涂层与Si_3N_4配副的摩擦学性能研究

利用大气等离子喷涂在不锈钢表面制备PS304高温自润滑涂层。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜表征涂层的组成和结构;采用SRV微动摩擦磨损实验机研究PS304涂层和Si3N4摩擦副从室温到800℃的摩擦磨损性能;用扫描电子显微镜观察涂层和对偶球的磨损形貌,并分析涂层在室温和600℃的摩擦磨损机制。结果表明,常温下,涂层的摩擦因数和磨损率均较高,磨损表面伴随脆性断裂迹象,主要表现为磨粒磨损机制。在600℃下,涂层表现最低的摩擦因数和最小磨损率,其表面形成润滑膜并发生一定的塑性变形,磨损机制主要为黏着磨损。     

半金属基粉末摩擦片摩擦磨损性能研究

在不同工况下研究半金属基粉末摩擦片与淬火45#钢配副时,载荷和转速对其摩擦磨损性能的影响,并分析其磨损机制。结果表明,在油润滑和水润滑下,半金属基摩擦片高速下的磨损量要明显低于低速下的磨损量,而干摩擦下其高载高速下的磨损要高于高载低速时的磨损量。油润滑下随载荷的增大,半金属基摩擦片的摩擦因数逐渐升高;水润滑下随载荷的增大,高速时摩擦因数先增大后减小,低速时则逐渐降低;干摩擦下随载荷的增大,高速时摩擦因数呈现出先升高后降低再升高的趋势,低速时则先升高后降低。干摩擦时摩擦面十分粗糙,有比较明显的沟状磨痕和硬质颗粒脱落后残留的凹坑;而水润滑和油润滑时摩擦面较为光滑。     

铜碲硒铁合金的干摩擦磨损性能

利用环-盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究了铜碲硒铁合金的干摩擦磨损行为,分析了载荷和摩擦速度等参数对该合金摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜对磨损形貌进行了观察.结果表明:铜碲硒铁合金的摩擦因数随载荷的增加变化不大,但随摩擦速度的增加而明显增大;合金的磨损率随载荷和摩擦速度的增加均增大;在轻载低速条件下,合金的磨损机制以犁削磨损和粘着磨损为主;在重载高速条件下,磨粒磨损和粘着磨损加剧.     

油管涂层的摩擦学性能实验研究

为了治理有杆泵井的管杆偏磨问题,在油管上喷涂了一层耐磨防腐涂层,并对比研究了抽油杆和油田常用的油管摩擦副及喷涂耐磨涂层后的油管摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:与45#钢对磨时,N80的耐磨性要比J55好;当45#钢与J55涂层油管对磨时,J55涂层油管的耐磨性比J55油管提高了5倍,并且配对的45#钢的磨损量也降低了1/2;因此45#钢与J55油管涂层配合使用时防偏磨效果十分理想。     

Wear and friction behavior of sand cast brake rotor made of A359-20 vol% SiC particle composites sliding against automobile friction material

The effect of load range of 30-100 N and speed range of 3-12 m/s on the wear and friction behavior of sand cast brake rotor made of A359-20 vol% SiC particle composites sliding against automobile friction material was investigated. Dry sliding frictional and wear behavior were investigated in a pin-on-disc type apparatus. Automobile friction material was used as pin, while the A359-20 vol% SiC particle composites formed the rotating disc. For comparison, the wear and friction behavior of commercially used cast iron brake rotor were studied. The results showed that the wear rate of the composite disc decreased with increasing the applied load from 30 to 50 N and increased with increasing the load from 50 to100 N. However, the wear rate of the composite disc decreased with increasing the sliding speed at all levels of load applied in the present work. For all sliding speeds, the friction coefficient of the composite disc decreased with applied load. The worn surfaces as well as wear debris were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. At load of 50 N and speed range of 3-12 m/s, the worn surface of the composite disc showed a dark adherent layer, which mostly consisted of constituents of the friction material. This layer acted as a protective coating and lubricant, resulting in an improvement in the wear resistance of the composite.     

Effects of Normal Load,Sliding Speed,and Surface Roughness on Tribological Properties of Niobium under Dry and Wet Conditions

The effects of normal load, sliding speed, and surface roughness on the friction and wear of high-purity niobium (Nb) during sliding without and with an introduction of water were systematically investigated. Increasing the normal load or sliding speed decreased the friction of the Nb under the both dry and wet conditions because the increased wear of the Nb decreased the interfacial shear strength between the steel ball and Nb by promoting the surface roughening and the production of wear debris. However, the Nb tested at the lowest sliding speed under the lowest normal load with water exhibited the lowest friction and wear due to the formation of oxide layer on the wear track. The friction and wear of the Nb tested under the dry condition decreased with increased surface roughness because the higher interfacial shear strength between the steel ball and smoother Nb resulted in the earlier breakdown of the native oxide layer and direct contact between the steel ball and Nb. However, increasing the surface roughness of the Nb increased its friction and wear under wet conditions, probably due to the easier breakdown of the oxide layer that formed on the rougher surface during sliding. The tribological results clearly showed that the introduction of water during sliding had a significant influence on the tribological properties of the Nb.     

铜基粉末冶金/Q235B摩擦副载流摩擦磨损性能*

磁浮列车中部分制动闸片在服役时一直处于受流状态,导致材料磨损加剧,影响闸片的服役寿命。为研究中低速磁悬浮列车制动闸片在受流工况下的摩擦磨损性能,以制动闸片使用的铜基粉末冶金材料和刹车盘使用的Q235B材料为摩擦副,研究不同制动速度下铜基粉末冶金/Q235B摩擦副的载流摩擦磨损行为。结果表明：无电流时随着滑动速度的增大,摩擦因数及磨损率整体呈现下降的趋势,载流时随着滑动速度的增大,摩擦因数整体呈现下降的趋势,而磨损率则整体呈现上升的趋势;无电流时磨损后的铜基粉末冶金材料表面覆盖着一层靛色的第三体层,该第三体层低速时主要以颗粒状为主,随着速度的增加逐渐被压实成连续致密状,高速时因黏着磨损加剧使得连续致密状第三体被破环,导致材料的摩擦因数和磨损率呈现反向增长的趋势;载流下磨损后的铜基粉末冶金材料表面出现了以机械磨损为主和以电弧烧蚀为主的2个区域,其中以机械磨损为主的区域依然是由靛色的第三体层组成,而以电弧烧蚀为主的区域表面则覆盖了一层金色熔融状物质,并且随着速度的增大,烧蚀区面积也逐渐增大。     

An Analysis and Comparison of the Tribological Behavior of Two Polymers Sliding Against a Polymeric Composite

Two polymers, ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polycarbonate, were slid dry against continuous fiber graphite/epoxy composites in multiple-pass friction and wear tests. High and low valves of load, speed, fiber orientation, and virgin surface roughness were used to find their effect on the coefficient of friction and wear rate. Regression equations were developed from the data to help describe the effects of various independent variables. For the total distance slid of 176 m, there was no significant effect of sliding speed on coefficient of friction. The coefficient of friction for UHMWPE was found to depend on surface roughness and fiber orientation. For polycarbonate, the coefficient of friction was very complex, containing a three-factor interaction between normal load, surface roughness, and fiber orientation. The wear rate for UHMWPE was a function of normal load, surface roughness, and a nonlinear term in normal load and surface roughness. The wear rate for polycarbonate was significantly affected by all variables except fiber orientation.     

Wear durability studies of ultra-thin perfluoropolyether lubricant on magnetic hard disks

This paper presents wear and friction studies on ultra-thin (~2 nm) film of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) coated on glass substrate magnetic hard disks. The lubricant was coated on the disk by the dip-coating method and the tribological tests were carried out by sliding a 3 mm diameter glass ball slider (normal load=20 mN) on the rotating disk surface. Lube thickness and lube wear profile were measured using an ellipsometer whereas the worn disk surface was studied using a surface reflectivity analyzer. The sliding speed and the lube bonding conditions were varied during the test. From the results, it is concluded that about 80% bonding of the lube to the disk surface leads to an increase in the wear durability of the lubricant by a factor of 2 when compared to the as-lubed condition. Lube bonding has an effect on increasing the coefficient of friction. Initially, increasing sliding speed increases both friction and wear but for very high sliding speed these values tend to decrease. The glass ball surface showed wear due to asperity interactions as well as lube transfer from the disk to the glass surface.     

外部因素对工程陶瓷材料摩擦磨损特性影响的研究

除材料本身特性外,外部因素如载荷、滑动速度、滑行距离、温度、环境以及摩擦方式等因素同样影响材料的摩擦磨损特性。本文探讨了外部因素对结构陶瓷摩擦磨损的影响,旨在促进在特定工况下正确使用相应的陶瓷材料作为摩擦学部件。