Effect of heat treatment duration on the thermal conductivity of spruce and poplar wood

Changes in the thermal conductivity and density of Pannónia poplar (Populus x euramericana cv. Pannónia) and spruce (Picea abies) caused by heat treatment were examined. The specimens were treated at 180?°C for 15, 25 and 35 h. Treatment duration had different impact on both the density and the thermal conductivity of poplar and spruce. The density of poplar decreased by 9.1, 12.1 and 13.4%, and the thermal conductivity decreased by 16.9, 24.0, 29.1% after 15, 25 and 35 h of treatment, respectively. In the case of spruce, the density decreased by 5.2, 7.6 and 8.7%, and the heat conductivity by 7.4, 14.1 and 22.0%, respectively.     

热处理对实木地板尺寸稳定性影响的研究

探讨热处理对两种实木地板坯料尺寸稳定性的影响,结果表明,真空热处理的板材抗膨胀率明显高于常压热处理板材的抗膨胀率。     

Mechanical performance and dimensional stability of nano-silver impregnated densified spruce wood

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-silver treatment on some physical and mechanical properties of compressed low density wood species. Wood specimens were prepared from spruce (Picea abies), impregnated with water or nano-silver solution by empty cell process and compressed through radial direction in a hot press. The results showed that by nano-silver treatment, the spring back, bending strength (modulus of rupture) and impact load resistance were improved significantly. The best results for spring-back (0.04%) were seen in the nano-silver impregnated specimens that were compressed at 150°C for 4 hours. The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and impact load resistance in nano-silver impregnated densified specimens were gained for 53%, 41.2% and 175.7%, respectively (in comparison with controls). The maximum amounts of impact load resistance belonged to the nano-silver impregnated specimens which were compressed at press conditions of 150°C for 4 hours, showing the high ability of these specimens against high impact loads such as earthquake loads. An upcoming research (consisting of durability tests) will be done for evaluating the suitability of nano-silver impregnated densified spruce wood for exterior uses.     

The influence of water activity on thermal stability of horseradish peroxidase

The thermal stability of horseradish peroxidase in the solid state was studied as a function of water activity, from 0.11 to 0.88. At all activities the enzyme was found to be much more stable in the solid state than in solution. Inactivation temperatures were in the range of 140–160°C. Inactivation curves show a biphasic behaviour which can be described by a model assuming two fractions (heat labile and heat stable) with independent first order inactivation kinetics. The labile fraction represents approximately 30% of the total activity. The z-value for both stable and labile fractions depends on water activity (moisture content) and has a maximum at a_w= 0.76 (44.4°C and 43.8°C, respectively).     

木材热处理研究的进展

介绍了木材热处理技术在国内外的研究进展情况,并对该项技术的发展进行了展望。     

Influence of temperature of thermal treatment on surface densification of spruce

Spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) wood lamellae, thermally treated at 170, 190, 210 and 230 °C were surface densified by compression at a temperature of 150 °C to three degrees of compression. Immediate springback, set recovery, mechanical properties in 3-point flexure, Brinell hardness and density profiles measurements were used to determine the effect of thermal treatment on the properties of surface densified wood. The highest immediate springback occurred in wood specimens thermally treated at the highest temperature (230 °C) and decreased with decreasing thermal treatment temperature. The untreated samples had the highest set recovery, which decreased with the temperature of thermal treatment. The surface densification increased hardness and bending strength. The highest increase was in the case of untreated wood and decreased with the temperature of thermal treatment. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of surface densified wood decreased with increasing thermal treatment temperature. The trend was similar for specimens which were thermally treated but not surface densified. Surface densification increased the density of the specimens in the first few millimetres below the surface. The highest density was achieved in untreated specimens and the lowest in specimens thermally treated at the highest temperature.     

Strength of dried and re-moistened spruce wood compared to native wood

During the wood drying process, mechanical stresses and thermal conditions arise, which causes irreversible damage. Since drying of wood results in a general improvement of strength and elasticity, the negative drying effects are covered. In the present study, the mechanical properties of dried and subsequently re-moistened samples were compared to native wet wood. For oven dried/re-moistened macro-scale bending and compression strength a significant reduction of 16.5% and 15.0% was observed. Micro-scale specimens underwent a similar strength loss, i.e. 9.8% for tensile strength and 14% for compression strength. When the drying was performed at ambient temperature (20°C), no difference to native wood was observed in tensile testing, whereas a significant reduction of compression strength (10.0%) was found. SEM micrographs of tensile fracture surfaces of dried and re-moistened specimens showed a brittle and rather smooth transwall failure of tracheids, whereas native samples exhibited a more ductile character.

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Vergleich der Festigkeit von getrocknetem und wiederbefeuchtetem Fichtenholz mit frischen Proben

Zusammenfassung Während der Holztrocknung kommt es neben makroskopischen Spannungen auch zu mikroskopischen Spannungszuständen, sowie zu thermischen Veränderungen der Zellwandsubstanzen, die zu einer irreversiblen Schädigung der Holzsubstanz führen. Da ein Feuchtigkeitsentzug aus der Zellwand allgemein eine Verfestigung der Holzsubstanz verursacht, werden die Festigkeitsverluste während der Holztrocknung durch die zu vor geschilderte Verfestigung überdeckt. Durch den Vergleich von frischen und nach der Trocknung (103°C) wieder befeuchteten Proben konnte für makroskopische Biege- und Druckproben ein Festigkeitsverlust von 16.5% bzw. 15.0% nachgewiesen werden. Mikroskopische Zug- und Druckproben zeigten bei 103°C ähnliche hohe Verluste von 9.8 bzw. 14%. Trocknung bei 20°C führte nur bei den Druckproben zu einem signifikanten Festigkeitsverlust von ca. 10%. SEM Aufnahmen der Bruchflächen von Mikro-Zugproben zeigten ein glattes, sprödes Bruchbild bei den getrockneten/wiederbefeuchteten Proben. Hingegen waren die frischen Proben durch ein verformungsreicheres Bruchbild charakterisiert.

     

Effect of thermal treatment on some properties of lime wood

Thermal treatment of lime wood was performed in a drying oven at two temperature levels (180 and 200 °C) and for four durations (1, 2, 3 and 4 h). Mass loss, color change, swelling and hygroscopicity were investigated. The dimensional stabilization reached up to 66.4 % and the hygroscopicity reduction up to 33 %, both maximum values being attained at 200 °C/4 h, associated with a mass loss of 9.3 %. The results will be realized in the manufacturing of solid wood panels made of heat-treated lime wood lamellas for outdoor uses.     

Changes in color of spruce by repetitive treatment of light-irradiation and heat treatment

This paper deals with the changes in color of spruce by the repetitive treatment of light-irradiation and heat treatment. The color of photo-thermally treated wood discolored by light-irradiation is recovered by heat treatment.     

Effects of thermal modification on the adhesion between spruce wood (Picea abies Karst.) and a thermoplastic polymer

In order to study the effect of thermal treatment on the adhesion between wood and a nonpolar thermoplastic polymer, spruce wood boards (Picea abies Karst.) were heat-treated and bonded with polyethylene. As a result the contact angle of an applied water droplet increased significantly. A strong improvement of the adhesion between the modified wood surface and polyethylene was found by mechanical tests on unmodified and thermally modified samples.