蔗糖溶液辅助水剂法提取苦杏仁油的工艺研究

采用蔗糖溶液辅助水剂法提取苦杏仁油,以改善水剂法工艺中乳化严重的现象,降低苦杏仁油中氢氰酸的含量。在单因素试验的基础上,选取蔗糖溶液浓度、提取温度、液料比这3个对提油率影响显著的因素设计响应面试验并进行优化研究。结果表明:提取温度和蔗糖溶液浓度对提油率影响较大;最优工艺条件为蔗糖溶液浓度0.27 mol/L、提取温度94.5℃、液料比6∶1、提取时间3 h,此条件下苦杏仁提油率可达73.01%;与传统提油工艺相比,蔗糖溶液辅助水剂法提取的苦杏仁油中氢氰酸含量明显降低,为7.74 mg/kg,具有一定优越性;苦杏仁毛油酸值和过氧化值均符合国家质量标准,表明蔗糖溶液辅助水剂法的提油工艺可行,具有一定推广和应用前景。     

水剂法提取油梨油及其理化特性研究

以油梨果肉为原料,研究其营养成分以及用水剂法提取油梨油的最佳提取工艺。采用单因素试验分别研究了料液比、浸提温度、提取时间和离心转速对出油率的影响。在此基础上,采用正交试验确定最佳提取工艺为:料水比1∶6 g/m L、提取时间3 h、提取温度25℃、离心转速4 400 r/min,在此条件下出油率可达72.86%。采用水剂法得到的油梨油为浅黄绿色、透明、具有油梨香味。水剂法提取油的酸值和过氧化值均符合国家食用油质量标准。对水剂法提取的油梨油进行脂肪酸分析,共检测出19种脂肪酸成分,主要为不饱和脂肪酸。其中9C18∶1、11C18∶1、9C12C18∶2n-6、C16∶0、9C16∶1为油梨油的主要脂肪酸。     

澳洲坚果油水剂法提取工艺的研究

以澳洲坚果为原料,探索研究水剂法提油工艺,确定了其最佳工艺参数,并对提取的油进行品质分析。结果表明:在烘烤温度150℃、烘烤时间20 min、料液比1∶3、兑浆p H 6.0、浸提温度60℃、离心转速4 800 r/min的工艺条件下,出油效率可达79.3%;澳洲坚果油相对密度(20℃)为0.900 6、折光指数为1.477 0、酸值(KOH)为1.988 mg/g、碘值(I)为73 g/100 g、皂化值(KOH)为202.5mg/g。     

盐效应辅助水剂法提取南瓜籽油及其理化特性研究

为了改善水剂法提取的油乳化严重现象并且提高出油率。以南瓜籽为实验材料,碳酸钠溶液为萃取剂,采用盐效应辅助水剂法提取南瓜籽油。考察了碳酸钠浓度、液料比、提取时间、搅油温度四个因素对南瓜籽提油率的影响,并利用响应面分析对提油工艺进行了优化。结果表明,碳酸钠溶液浓度和液料比对提油率的影响较大;盐效应水剂法提取南瓜籽油在搅油温度为80℃条件下,最优工艺条件为:碳酸钠浓度1.8mol/L、液料比6.8∶1(mL∶g)、提取时间120.2min(实验实际提取时间选为120min),南瓜籽提油率为70.6%;南瓜籽油的酸值和过氧化值等均符合国家食用油质量标准,可以直接食用,表明盐效应辅助水剂法提取南瓜籽油工艺是可行的。     

糖效应辅助水剂法提取文冠果籽油工艺优化及其特性分析

以文冠果籽为原料,探讨糖效应辅助水剂法提取文冠果籽油的最优工艺条件,并对其脂肪酸组成及理化特性进行分析。以提油率为考察指标,通过单因素试验确定蔗糖浓度、液料比、提取温度及提取时间对文冠果籽提油率的影响,采用响应面中心组合试验设计优化提油工艺条件。结果表明,糖效应辅助水剂法提取文冠果籽油的最优工艺条件为:蔗糖浓度1.2 mol/L,液料比5.4∶1,提取温度64℃,提取时间210 min。在最优工艺条件下,文冠果籽提油率为70.9%;所得文冠果籽油色泽亮黄,澄清透明,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达92.86%,酸值和过氧化值等理化指标均符合GB2716—2005《食用植物油卫生标准》。     

水剂法提取腰果油工艺条件研究

采用水剂法研究腰果油的最佳提取工艺,分别以料液比、提取温度、提取时间和离心力为单因素研究其对提油率的影响,并通过正交设计试验确定腰果油的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1:1 g/mL、提取时间4 h、离心力4 800 r/min,最佳条件下获得的提油率为74.39%。采用水剂法得到的腰果油色泽浅黄澄清透明,具有腰果固有的清香味。理化指标测定结果表明,油的酸价为0.65 mg/g,碘值为14.25 gI/100 g,皂化值为186 mg/g,符合国家食用油质量标准,过氧化值未检出。水剂法提取腰果油的脂肪酸分析表明其含有的脂肪酸主要有棕榈酸(质量分数为10.32%),油酸(62.87%),和亚油酸(25.36%)。     

响应面分析法优化油茶籽油水剂法提取工艺

以油茶籽为材料,利用响应面分析法优化油茶籽油水剂法提取工艺条件,并对得到油茶籽油的品质进行分析。结果表明最佳工艺条件为:原料经150℃烘烤后自然pH值条件下,提取温度80.2℃、水料比3.8:1(mL/g)、提取时间3.4h,在此条件下提油率可达69.1%。油茶籽油的各项理化指标均符合压榨二级油茶籽油国家标准,表明水剂法提取油茶籽油工艺是可行的。     

水酶法提取黄粉虫油工艺优化

对碱性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶复合水解黄粉虫提取黄粉虫油的工艺条件进行了研究。在酶解时间、加酶量、液料比、温度、pH五个单因素试验的基础上,以提油率为评价指标,利用响应面分析法优化了温度、加酶量、pH等酶法提取黄粉虫油的条件。优化的工艺条件为:酶解温度50.04℃,加酶量799.38U/g(原料),pH8.49,液料比5:1,酶解时间120min,此条件下提油率为78.51%。水酶法提取黄粉虫油品质优于石油醚提取,采用GC-MS法对黄粉虫油脂肪酸组成进行分析,共检出18种脂肪酸,其不饱和脂肪酸含量高达76.22%。     

超声波辅助提取栝楼籽油工艺优化

以嘉兴产栝楼为试验材料,采用索氏提取法研究不同溶剂对栝楼籽提油率的影响,并获得最佳的提取溶剂;通过单因素试验和正交试验研究超声波辅助提取栝楼籽油的最佳工艺条件,并获得最高提取率。试验结果表明:乙醚的提油率最高,超声波辅助提取时料液比为1∶6(g/mL)、浸提温度为50℃、浸提时间为20 min栝楼籽油提油率最高。     

复合酶对水酶法提取油茶籽油的影响

以油茶籽仁浆液为原料,以油脂提取率为指标,利用单因素试验及响应面中心组合试验研究了酶制剂的配方、料水比、复合酶添加量、酶作用时间等因素对水酶法提取油茶籽油的影响。得出优化的提油条件为:先加入高温淀粉酶再加入酸性蛋白酶,二者比例为1:1,复合酶添加量0.13%、料水比1:3.9、酶作用时间4 h,在此条件下油茶籽油的提油率为92.45%。     

棕榈油大豆油为原料调和油冷冻性能研究

对碘值60棕榈油与大豆油调和而成调和油在0℃、10℃、20℃三种温度条件下进行冷冻性能研究。在0℃情况下,即使棕榈油含量仅10%,也会很快混浊和结冻;在10℃情况下,含20%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持15天以上澄清透明;在20℃情况下,含40%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持25天以上而澄清透明。     

棕榈液油在调和油中应用研究

将熔点18℃棕榈液油分别与大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油和葵花籽油进行调配,得出不同季节条件下最佳调配比例;结果表明,棕榈液油作为一种调和油原料油,在春、夏、秋季均能应用于食用调和油。     

营养平衡调和油的配制及营养成分的测定

为解决单一食用油中营养组分缺陷问题,以大豆油、橄榄油、鱼油和亚麻籽油为基料油,测定其酸值、过氧化值、水分及挥发物含量和脂肪酸组成,然后按照中国营养学会关于脂肪酸推荐摄入量的要求,依据不同基料油的脂肪酸组成计算其配比并配制调和油,最后测定调和油的营养成分。结果表明：大豆油、橄榄油、亚麻籽油、鱼油的酸值、过氧化值、水分及挥发物含量均符合相关国家标准,4种油脂配制调和油的最适配比为45%、45%、8%、2%;调和油中主要微量营养成分及其含量为角鲨烯2.18 mg/kg、β-胡萝卜素0.474 mg/kg、α-生育酚73.6 mg/kg、β-生育酚0.6 mg/kg、γ-生育酚132.0 mg/kg、δ-生育酚20.4 mg/kg、总甾醇5 700 mg/kg。所得调和油符合中国营养学会关于脂肪酸推荐摄入量的要求,是一种营养平衡调和油。     

橄榄油氧化过程中风味化合物变化

橄榄油具有良好保健功能,是较为理想食用油脂;但在贮存过程中也存在氧化变质现象;橄榄油氧化将产生对人体有毒、有害副产物,其独特风味发生劣化,产生难以接受气味。该文详细介绍橄榄油氧化机理,总结引起橄榄油风味改变的醛、酮、醇、短链脂肪酸等氧化产物。     

Vegetable Oils Replace Pork Backfat for Low-Fat Frankfurters

Low-fat frankfurters (10% fat, 12.5% protein) with olive, corn, sunflower or soybean oils, compared to control (29.1% animal fat, 10.4% protein) had 67% lower total fat, 40–45% lower saturated fatty acids, 50–53% lower calories, reduced cholesterol and 20% higher meat protein. Although they had darker red color they were 6–7.2% lower in processing yield and had higher purge accumulation, were firmer and less juicy. The type oil had no effect (P>0.05) on these characteristics but affected fatty acid composition. Frankfurters with olive oil had 41.8% higher monounsaturated fatty acids and those with seed oils 5–7 times higher polyunsaturated fatty acids. Soybean oil increased lin-olenic acid content and negatively affected overall acceptability and shelf-life.     

取油锤改进应用技术探讨

介绍了取油锤的特点及其改进,通过改进方便了取油锤的使用。     

Microencapsulation of Oils: A Comprehensive Review of Benefits,Techniques, and Applications

Microencapsulation is a process of building a functional barrier between the core and wall material to avoid chemical and physical reactions and to maintain the biological, functional, and physicochemical properties of core materials. Microencapsulation of marine, vegetable, and essential oils has been conducted and commercialized by employing different methods including emulsification, spray‐drying, coaxial electrospray system, freeze‐drying, coacervation, in situ polymerization, melt‐extrusion, supercritical fluid technology, and fluidized‐bed‐coating. Spray‐drying and coacervation are the most commonly used techniques for the microencapsulation of oils. The choice of an appropriate microencapsulation technique and wall material depends upon the end use of the product and the processing conditions involved. Microencapsulation has the ability to enhance the oxidative stability, thermostability, shelf‐life, and biological activity of oils. In addition, it can also be helpful in controlling the volatility and release properties of essential oils. Microencapsulated marine, vegetable, and essential oils have found broad applications in various fields. This review describes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various oils, microencapsulation techniques, and application of encapsulated oils in various food, pharmaceutical, and even textile products. Moreover, this review may provide information to researchers working in the field of food, pharmacy, agronomy, engineering, and nutrition who are interested in microencapsulation of oils.     

国内外食用油脂加工技术发展

近年来,世界油脂加工技术发展非常迅速,预处理和制炼油新技术、新装备、新产品不断出现,正日益受到人们重视。该文主要从提高油/粕质量、降低能耗和废弃物排放、提高生产效率和开发新产品等方面出发,阐述世界油脂加工技术创新发展现状。     

一种适合于煎炸的调和油实验研究

选用一级棉籽油和棕榈油为原料,制成熔点较低的调和油,经实验证明,可以代替大豆油,用于普通煎炸操作。     

Effect of blending and lipase catalyzed interesterification reaction on the cholesterol lowering properties of palm oil with rice bran oil in rats

The effect of feeding blended and interesterified oils containing palm oil (PO) and rice bran oil (RBO) on serum and liver lipids was evaluated in rats. The PO and RBO were blended to contain saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the proportion of 1:1.5:1. The blended oil was subjected to transesterification reaction using immobilized lipase, lipozyme IM‐RM. Rats were fed a diet containing blended or interesterified oils for 8 weeks. Rats fed PO showed significantly higher levels of cholesterol in serum and liver as compared to those given RBO, blended oil of PO with RBO or interesterified oil. Rats fed blended oils showed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol by 51% compared to rats fed PO. Feeding interesterified oil to rats resulted in decrease in serum cholesterol by 56% compared to rats fed PO, which was 10% lower compared to that observed in rats given blended oil. The present study indicated that a combination of PO with RBO can significantly lower serum lipids in rats as compared to those given diet containing PO alone.