废旧塑料回收技术及设备的研究进展

综述了近年废旧塑料的物理和化学回收技术及设备。物理方法包括填埋、焚烧和机械再生法;化学方法包括气化法、增容法、热解法、流化催化裂化法;回收设备有奥地利埃瑞玛再生工程机械设备、reco STAR PET 330、reco STAR165、第二代手工DIY塑料再生设备和热风循环熔融塑料回收造粒机。并对未来废旧塑料回收利用的发展趋势进行了分析和展望,利用废旧塑料制备附加值较高的新产品以及开发高效多功能回收设备将是今后废旧塑料回收的发展方向。     

塑料的生命周期评价（LCA）

塑料的回收利用是近些年来再生资源研究的一个非常重要的方向。废旧塑料,尤其是消费后的废旧塑料是回收利用的重点。本文从回收方法和途径阐述了有关废旧塑料各类最新的塑料循环周期模型,进而说明积极的研究废旧塑料循环利用的新方法、新工艺具有十分重要的意义。     

废旧塑料的回收与利用

综述了利用区块链技术进行废旧塑料的回收.使用区块链技术建立的塑料银行可以激励人们自发地回收废旧塑料.废旧塑料的回收流程大多是线下的,监管困难,使用区块链技术可以使用户在区块链上查询全流程的回收数据,便于监管.在废旧塑料的分选和利用方面,介绍了聚乙烯和聚丙烯的分选,聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯与聚氯乙烯混合固体塑料的分选.废旧塑料...     

超临界方法在塑料分解回收中的应用研究

综述了超临界水在废旧塑料如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚碳酸酯,聚乙烯等回收利用中的研究进展。对比于传统的废旧塑料处理方法,利用超临界水所具有的特殊的化学,物理性能对上述废旧塑料的处理,同时可达到效率,原材料回收比例高且后处理工序简便,无公害等多优点,为废旧塑料的回收利用开辟了新的途径。     

废旧塑料再生颗料厂可行性分析——废旧塑料回收利用市场分析

据国家经贸委资源节约与综合利用司提供的数据表明:"九五"期间,我国累计回收利用废旧塑料1000多万吨,每年大约还有1400万吨废旧塑料没有得到回收利用,回收利用率只有25%。国家经贸委在《再生资源回收利用"十五"规划》中明确提出,到2005年,我国每年回收利用废旧塑料要达到500-600万吨。     

低碳经济驱动废旧塑料回收再生大市场

在污染日益严重的今天,废旧塑料造成的白色污染受到人们的广泛关注,因而废旧塑料回收也成了时下非常热门的话题。根据废旧塑料回收再生的紧迫性,本文阐述了废旧塑料的节能环保循环利用,欧美各国旧塑料的回收再生动态和“以旧换新”有利于塑料的节能环保循环利用,以及汽车市场火爆由此车用废塑料处理难题显现及对应措施,同时指出了塑料再生利用存在的瓶颈、对策及塑料资源回收利用任重道远。     

废旧塑料回收利用技术

综合介绍了废旧塑料的各种回收利用技术及产业现状,分析了现有技术所存在的优缺点,指出了废旧塑料回收利用的重要性。     

废旧塑料回收专题

由于塑料的使用量日益增大,废旧塑料己造成了严重的环境污染,但同时又蕴含着重要的再生资源。再生塑料是依据在其使用寿命结束后仍具有回收利用价值而存在的不同形态的塑料,几乎所有热塑性塑料都具有回收利用价值。石油和煤等资源不可再生,资源紧缺,而废旧塑料经过回收、集中、分类、科学合理处置后可以获得再生价值,实现循环利用,因此,从节约地球资源和保护地球环境的角度考虑,开发与研究废旧塑料回收的方法、技术与机械将成为今后的一个重点。目前各国对废旧塑料回收都非常重视,致力于开发各种废旧塑料回收利用的关键技术。进入21世纪以来我国塑料再生行业市场逐渐繁华,中小企业如涌泉出现,投资活跃,正在发展成为回收加工集群化、市场交易集约化、以完全靠市场需求和价格驱动为导向的环保型产业经济。论坛里面的回收板块已经有很多坛友对一些废旧塑料的回收处理方法进行了深入讨论,本期推出塑料回收专题,对废旧塑料回收中遇到的难题提供一些解决方案,供读者参考。我刊今后将不定期将"中塑互联"上优秀的帖子整理刊发,敬请读者关注。     

国外废旧塑料的再生利用

简述了废旧塑料的处理方法。着重介绍了世界工业发达国家,如美国、西欧、日本等国家近年来废旧塑料再生利用的情况及部分公司废旧塑料的再生回收技术。在世界性节能和节约资源的浪潮中,我国有关部门与行业应努力借鉴国外经验,开发废旧塑料的再生利用技术。     

废旧塑料的识别与回收技术

在科学技术日新月异的现代社会，世界各国都越来越重视废旧塑料的回收与利用问题。中国一方面废旧塑料满山遍野，造成大量的资源浪费和环境污染，另一方面由于技术落后，不能很好地回收利用。本文主要从常见废旧塑料的种类、一般辨别方法和几种回收利用的方法几个方面对废旧塑料回收利用的技术进展进行论述。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。