一种基于电磁旁路分析的硬件木马检测方法

为探究利用电磁辐射旁路信号检测集成电路芯片中硬件木马的可行性,分析了芯片电磁旁路信号的组成,构建了信号泄漏模型。在阐释霍特林（K-L）变换原理及特点的基础上,提出了利用K-L变换对芯片电磁辐射旁路信号进行信号特征提取的方法,分析含硬件木马芯片（木马芯片）与不含硬件木马芯片（原始芯片）对应特征信号的差异来检测芯片中是否含有硬件木马。通过在针对基于FPGA密码芯片中植入硬件木马并进行对比检测实验的结果表明,利用上述方法能有效分辨出木马芯片与原始芯片所泄漏电磁信号间的差异,达到检测出芯片中硬件木马的目的。     

专用SoC安全控制架构的研究与设计

针对专用SoC芯片的安全问题,在描述芯片威胁模型与部署模型的基础上,规划了芯片资源的安全等级,设计了芯片的工作状态及状态转移之间的约束条件和实现机制,给出了芯片运行时的安全工作流程。对芯片的安全性分析表明,所设计的芯片系统能够满足机密性、完整性和可信性的应用要求。     

基于紧支集双正交小波的芯片焊点定位技术研究

芯片封装是保护芯片和增强芯片电热性能的重要工艺,在芯片粘贴在引线框架的贴片基板上后,用金属引线将芯片焊点与引线框架的管脚连接起来实现芯片功能。为了提高芯片引线键合的精度,确保键合机的焊头能够实现准确定位,采用基于紧支集双正交小波的多分辨率分析方法实现芯片和贴片基板边缘的快速检测和特征匹配,实现芯片和引线框架焊点的快速定位。这种方法能够实现芯片图像边缘特征的准确提取、识别和特征匹配。采用紧支集双正交小波进行芯片焊点和引线框架定位时,简化了算法的复杂度,提高了芯片引线框架焊点位置的检测效率和定位精度。     

三维芯片制造成本分析

三维芯片由于其集成度高、功耗小、性能好等优点成为未来芯片制造的一种趋势,其制造成本问题成为该技术是否有应用前景的关键。分析了三维芯片的制造成本模型,并通过实验数据得到了三维芯片的成本最优划分方式;然后对多核处理器的二维芯片和三维芯片制造成本进行了对比,证明了在核数较大的情况下三维芯片制造成本的优势,说明三维芯片在未来芯片门数越来越多的情况下有很好的应用前景。     

计算机芯片散热技术的最新研究进展及其评价

近年来,随着计算机芯片功耗和工作温度的飙升,计算机芯片散热技术成为研究的热点,各种各样的计算机芯片冷却方法和设备也像雨后春笋般蓬勃地发展起来。在分析当前计算机芯片发展趋势、芯片散热需求和芯片散热技术研究趋势的基础上,从传统和新兴两方面对典型的芯片冷却技术进行详尽的评述,并对这些技术和方法未来的研究方向和发展前景进行展望。     

NOC协议设计研究

片上网络芯片设计涵盖芯片设计的诸多方面,尤其是网络芯片的协议设计.论文主要研究网络芯片协议设计实现方式以及网络芯片的层次栈的划分,列出网络芯片所需要的协议层次.在网络芯片的协议层次中,分别对物理层、数据链路层、网络层、传输层的协议的设计重点与设计方实现进行阐述,而且介绍各个层次的设计关键技术和解决的方法.     

系统集成芯片综述

集成电路芯片工艺的发展已可使一个系统或一个子系统集成在一个芯片上 ,称为系统集成芯片。本文综述了系统集成芯片的硬件构造、超长指令 (VLIW )结构、芯片嵌入软件及软硬件协同设计方法。     

集成电路芯片测试仪设计

设计制作了一个集成电路芯片测试仪,以STC90C516RD+单片机为核心,12864液晶显示器作为显示模块,采用了无线模块与电脑通信.该芯片测试仪能对常用的74系列芯片、CD系列芯片,以及LM系列和UA741组合逻辑芯片进行功能测试;能通过12864显示芯片的逻辑符号、逻辑表达式、芯片的功能以及状态转换图;能够将测得的型号通过无线串口发送到PC上位机.通过测试说明本设计制作的集成电路芯片测试仪在芯片检测,电路维修等方面具有重要意义.     

3＋1／2位A／D转换器7106接口电路

CC7016芯片是数字仪表中经常使用的A/D转换器芯片。文中介绍了芯片的性能、使用方法、接口芯片和具体应用,并附有具体线路。     

基于视觉伺服的LED芯片形状匹配算法研究

LED芯片的定位是LED芯片检测、分选等后封装过程的关键步骤,其定位速度和精度直接决定了LED芯片检测设备的生产效率。为了提高芯片定位的精度,提出了基于视觉伺服的反馈补偿技术,有效补偿了芯片定位误差;为了提高芯片定位的速度,在视觉伺服系统的基础上,针对LED芯片的特点,提出形状匹配优化算法,通过减小匹配过程中匹配的面积和搜索的角度,有效弥补了因视觉运动补偿所消耗的时间。通过以上两方面提高了LED芯片定位精度和速度,满足LED芯片高精和高速的定位需求。     

The influence of IT: perspectives from five Australian schools

Abstract Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are now widespread in Australian schools but with variation in how, where, when and how much they are used. Computers may be located in a computer laboratory, distributed throughout the school, or students may use their own laptop computers. IT may be a subject in its own right or ICT may be used across all areas of the curriculum. It is how ICT is used in the school setting that is important in providing students with the skills to be participate in a 'knowledge society'. This paper examines the ways in which information and communication technologies influence teaching and learning in five Australian schools. Data were gathered through observation, interviews and document analysis in schools operating at the elementary and secondary grades in relatively technology rich environments. Each of the schools participated in the Australian component of the Second Information Technology in Education Study – Module 2 (SITES-M2) of innovative pedagogical practices. Several of the studies were of specific projects where ICT was the key enabler of the learning programme. Others focused on an entire school's approach to ICT as an agent for changed approaches to learning.     

利用MODIS EVI时间序列数据分析福建省植被变化(2000~2017年)

以全国森林覆盖率最高的福建省为研究对象,利用2000~2017年夏季的MODIS EVI植被指数数据和气象与非气象因子进行协同分析,以揭示近17年福建植被的时空变化及其影响因子。结果表明:研究期内福建的EVI均值整体上升,从2000年的0.454上升至2017年的0.505,17 a间上升了11.2%,表明福建省的植被整体处于变好的状态,且在中部和西南部的变化最明显。相关分析表明,在研究期内,气象因子(气温和降水)对EVI变化的影响不显著,植被的变好主要为非气象因子的作用。EVI的提高主要得益于2003年福建省建设生态省后森林覆盖率的提高,并和2012年开始的水土流失治理有明显关系,这说明人类活动的积极作用对福建植被的变好起到了关键的作用。     

关联规则挖掘技术研究进展*

为帮助人们深入研究关联规则挖掘技术,总结了关联规则的分类方法、评价方法以及相关技术的最新进展,特别是对关联规则的主要算法进行了详细的介绍,并探讨未来的发展方向。该研究比较系统全面,对将来进一步深入分析关联规则挖掘技术具有指导意义。     

Desktop publishing in education

Abstract The term 'desktop publishing' has received much media coverage in recent months in both the commercial and educational press. School-based 'desktop publishing' packages are at the moment poor imitations of full-specification systems. This paper discusses the state of desktop publishing in education today and demonstrates the weaknesses of the systems available for use in the classroom. The skills required for desktop publishing are interrelated in a complex way and cannot be presented in a hierarchical fashion. A model of the functional processes involved is suggested in the paper and analysed in terms of the skills required.     

A Review of:“Safety in Manual Materials Handling.” By COLIN G. DRURY. (Cincinnati: US Dept. of Health,Education & Welfare, 1978.) [Pp. viii+ 209.]

The extension force against resistance was recorded in 23 postures for 12 subjects to find explanations for the decrease in back strength in asymmetric postures. A reduction in muscle force in asymmetric postures was found up to 40%, but was strongly dependent on the plane in which asymmetry occurred, and on the posture to which it referred. A quantitative relationship between the forces exerted in different asymmetric postures is discussed, as a basis for formulating universal ergonomic guidelines for optimal working postures. The reduction in force in different asymmetric postures can be explained by length of the muscle, the activation of the muscle, and the moment angle of the muscle.     

Ecosystem functioning of protected and altered Mediterranean environments: A remote sensing classification in Doñana, Spain

Spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem functioning is a key component of ecological variability requiring special attention in the context of global change. A large history of human use has produced high physiognomic heterogeneity in Mediterranean ecosystems. However, the consequences for ecosystem functioning remain insufficiently understood. We analyzed spectral indicators of matter and energy fluxes in the land surface to classify the functional ecosystem heterogeneity in a Mediterranean region covering different management histories and protection types. We specifically analyzed the spatial variability in seasonal and annual patterns in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), surface temperature (T_s) and albedo from five Landsat ETM images. Then we classified numerically this variability into ecosystem functional types (EFTs) and explored their seasonal dynamics in terms of photosynthetic radiation absorption and evapotranspiration. We identified eight main EFTs with ecologically relevant differences including contrasting dynamics in fPAR seasonality, great variation in incoming radiation reflection and differing evapotranspiration rates, particularly during the water-limitation period. Functional variability in natural vegetation mostly consisted in dissimilar annual rates of NDVI and albedo, whereas differences in seasonality were more evident in transformed areas. Similarly, the spatial distribution of EFTs was partly associated to protection, with two EFTs exclusive of protected areas and comparatively higher functional diversity in humanized areas. Landform effects on water availability in protected areas and human activities under different ecological settings were seemingly responsible for the large functional diversity of the region. We advocate for the explicit incorporation of multifunctional ecosystem heterogeneity in ecosystem management and monitoring designs.     

Back to the Future: An Historical Perspective on the Pendulum-Like Changes in Literacy

This article focuses on the pendulum-like change in the way people read and use text, which was triggered by the introduction of new reading and writing technologies in human history. The paper argues that textual features, which characterized the ancient pre-print writing culture, disappeared with the establishment of the modern-day print culture and has been “revived” in the digital post-modern era. This claim is based on the analysis of four cases which demonstrate this textual-pendulum swing: (1) The swing from concrete iconic-graphic representation of letters and words in the ancient alphabet to abstract phonetic representation of text in modern eras, and from written abstract computer commands “back” to the concrete iconic representation in graphic user interfaces of the digital era; (2) The swing from scroll reading in the pre-print era to page or book reading in the print era and “back” to scroll reading in the digital era; (3) The swing from a low level of authorship in the pre-print era to a strong authorship perception in the print era, and “back” to a low degree of authorship in the digital era; (4) The swing from synchronic representation of text in both visual and audio formats during the pre-print era to a visual representation only in print, and “back” to a synchronic representation in many environments of the digital era. We suggest that the print culture, which is usually considered the natural and preferred textual environment, should be regarded as the exception.     

A new mining approach for uncertain databases using CUFP trees

In the past, many algorithms have been proposed to mine frequent itemsets from transactional databases, in which the presence or absence of items in transactions was certainly known. In some applications, items may also be uncertain in transactions with their existential probabilities ranging from 0 to 1 in the uncertain dataset. Apparently, the processing in uncertain datasets is quite different from those in certain datasets. The UF-tree algorithm was proposed to construct the UF-tree structure from an uncertain dataset and mine frequent itemsets from the tree. In the UF-tree construction process, however, only the same items with the same existential probabilities in transactions were merged together in the tree, thus causing many redundant nodes in the tree. In this paper, a new tree structure called the compressed uncertain frequent-pattern tree (CUFP tree) is designed to efficiently keep the related information in the mining process. In the CUFP tree, the same items will be merged in a branch of the tree even when the existential probabilities in transactions are not the same. A mining algorithm called the CUFP-mine algorithm is then proposed based on the tree structure to find uncertain frequent patterns. Experimental results show that the proposed approach has a better performance than UF-tree algorithm both in the execution time and in the number of tree nodes.     

Adaptive solutions to the mutual exclusion problem

Summary Algorithms for mutual exclusion that adapt to the current degree of contention are developed. Afilter and a leader election algorithm form the basic building blocks. The algorithms achieve system response times that are independent of the total number of processes and governed instead by the current degree of contention. The final algorithm achieves a constant amortized system response time. Manhoi Choy was born in 1967 in Hong Kong. He received his B.Sc. in Electrical and Electronic Engineerings from the University of Hong Kong in 1989, and his M.Sc. in Computer Science from the University of California at Santa Barbara in 1991. Currently, he is working on his Ph.D. in Computer Science at the University of California at Santa Barbara. His research interests are in the areas of parallel and distributed systems, and distributed algorithms. Ambuj K. Singh is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Texas at Austin in 1989, an M.S. in Computer Science from Iowa State University in 1984, and a B.Tech. from the Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur in 1982. His research interests are in the areas of adaptive resource allocation, concurrent program development, and distributed shared memory.A preliminary version of the paper appeared in the 12th Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed ComputingWork supported in part by NSF grants CCR-9008628 and CCR-9223094