Corrections to "BER performance of a uniform circular array versus a uniform linear array in a mobile radio environment"

This paper presents some corrections on the equations given in a previous paper for the BER performance of a UCA and ULA in a mobile radio.     

BER improvement of multilevel CPM in the mobile radio environment

An attractive modulation scheme, named accelerated phase-quaternary continuous phase modulation (AP-QCPM), is proposed for digital mobile radio applications. As AP-QCPM is a constant envelope modulation scheme, it is well suited to nonlinear power amplifier use in mobile equipment and handheld equipment of wireless LAN applications. The error performance of multilevel low-deviation frequency-shift keying (FSK) is severely degraded in the Rayleigh fading channel. On the other hand, the degradation of phase-shift keying (PSK) remains within a moderate amount. The paper is an attempt to clarify what kind of modification could be added to the conventional four-level FSK to achieve an error probability comparable with the QDPSK in the Rayleigh fading channel. The error probability of the proposed scheme and the power spectral characteristics are obtained to reveal critical values of the modification parameter. The analytical results are confirmed by the hardware simulation at 900 MHz     

Decoding performance of linear block codes using a trellis indigital mobile radio

Trellis decoding of linear block codes in a Rayleigh fading channel is discussed. Two methods for calculating metric values for each bit in a received block are considered: the values are calculated from the received signal envelope sample and from the demodulator output. Bit error rate (BER) performances of hard decision and trellis decoding are compared using Hamming (7, 4) and Golay (24, 12) codes in computer simulations and laboratory experiments. A simplified trellis decoding algorithm, in which the hard decision output of a bit with an envelope sample greater than the threshold value is accepted as correct, is presented. Laboratory experimental results for trellis decoding in combination with Gaussian minimum-shift-keying (GMSK) modulation and frequency detection are shown. The effect of n-bit A/D-conversion in signal envelope sampling is investigated experimentally. The results show that the trellis decoding algorithm improves BER performance     

均匀直线阵的波束形成

简述了单个信号和多个信号进入等距直 (天 )线阵列时波束形成的方法 ,分别用来自不同方向的 4个信号和 5个信号进入七个阵元的阵列进行试验 ,得出了仿真结果     

BER performance owing to random FM noise for QDPSK mobile radio with diversity reception

BER performance owing to random FM noise is investigated for QDPSK with postdetection selection diversity reception in a multiplicative Rayleigh fading environment. Experimental results for 16 Kbit/s QDPSK using a Rayleigh fading simulator are reported. It is shown that diversity reception can significantly reduce the impact of random FM noise.<>     

BER analysis of convolution coded QDPSK, in digital mobile radio

The bit error rate (BER) performance of convolutional coded quaternary differential phase-shift keying (QDPSK) with Viterbi decoding is theoretically investigated in Rayleigh fading environments. The probability density functions of the path and branch metric values of Viterbi decoding are derived. The BERs after decoding due to additive white Gaussian noise and cochannel interference are theoretically analyzed. Rate 1/2 codes and their symbol punctured high-rate codes are considered, and the symbol positions for deletion to minimize the BER after decoding are presented for the codes with a constraint length K=3-7. It is shown that Viterbi decoding considerably reduces the desired signal-to-interference power ratio as well as the signal energy per information bit-to-noise power spectrum density ratio necessary to achieve a certain BER. The spectrum efficiency of the cellular mobile radio system, achievable by the use of the symbol punctured codes, is also evaluated     

均匀圆阵中时空信道多径参数的估计方法

本文给出了在矢量信道冲激响应（VCIR）可以估计出来的前提下,一种基于信道参数矩阵法的二维方向角与相对时延的联合估计方法,该方法充分利用了已知的信号码形信息,给出了一种无需进行搜索的闭式解,与基于多维MUSIC或多维ESPRIT的方法相比,具有运算量小的优势。     

The prediction of BER performance in the GSM radio system

This paper presents a method of predicting the bit-error rate (BER) performance of the global system for mobile communications (GSM) system as a function of the wideband channel parameters obtainable from measured or assumed power delay profiles. Although delay spread is found to be the most useful parameter for the prediction of BER performance, it has been shown that in some conditions delay interval (15 dB) can provide a more accurate prediction mechanism. Thus, based on the delay spread and the delay interval (15 dB), empirical prediction formulas are derived     

Differential detection of Gaussian MSK in a mobile radio environment

Minimum shift keying with Gaussian shaped transmit pulses is a strong candidate for a modulation technique that satisfies the stringent out-of-band radiated power requirements of the mobil radio application. Numerous studies and field experiments have been conducted by the Japanese on urban and suburban mobile radio channels with systems employing Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) transmission and differentially coherent reception. A comprehensive analytical treatment is presented of the performance of such systems emphasizing the important trade-offs among the various system design parameters such as transmit and receiver filter bandwidths and detection threshold level. It is shown that two-bit differential detection of GMSK is capable of offering far superior performance to the more conventional one-bit detection method both in the presence of an additive Gaussian noise background and Rician fading.     

Dipole printed array antennas for mobile radio systems

Dipole array antennas realized on the basis of radiating modules in which strip dipoles are integrated with antenna balancers of a novel structure are described. Units with reduced overall dimensions and a reduced mass, which allow substantial simplification of the construction of array antennas for mobile radio systems, are proposed.     

DOA estimation and self-calibration algorithm for uniform circular array

Based on the banded circulate and symmetric Toeplitz model for the mutual coupling of a uniform circular array, a decoupling direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and self-calibration algorithm is proposed. The new algorithm provides an accurate DOA estimation without the knowledge of mutual coupling. In addition, the mutual coupling coefficients for array self-calibration can be achieved simultaneously. Instead of multidimensional nonlinear search or iterative computation, the algorithm only uses a one-dimensional search and can reduce the computation burden. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.     

900 MHz land mobile radio improved using circular polarization

Land mobile systems currently use vertically polarized antennas while trying to solve the problem of small sector signal variations, which are greater for vertical polarization than for either horizontal or circular polarization. This difference in small sector variations is shown from results of tests at 430 MHz. The variations at 900 MHz should be more rapid and have amplitudes at least as great as those shown for 450 MHz. At 900 MHz antennas can be made small for mobile service and the improvements noted here may spur developments in circularly polarized antennas.     

BER improvement of PRCPM in mobile radio channels withdiscriminator detection using decision feedback equalization

The authors investigate the bit error rate (BER) improvement of partial-response continuous-phase modulation (PRCPM) signals in mobile radio channels, when decision feedback equalization (DFE) to cancel the effect of intersymbol interference (ISI) of one adjacent bit is added to the limiter discriminator. A closed-form expression for the average probability of error as a function of the Doppler shift is derived for discriminator detection with decision feedback. Numerical results are presented to compare the BER performance of discriminator detection with and without feedback equalization     

均匀圆阵部分阵元失效情况下的DOA估计方法

在空间谱估计中,均匀圆阵(Uniform Circular Array--UCA)具有诸多优点,其得到广泛的应用.但在用MUSIC 算法测向时,一旦某一个或几个阵元通道失效,则通道数据变成无效数据,导致测向性能严重恶化,甚至完全失效.本文对在均匀圆阵部分通道失效的情况下,利用均匀圆阵其余阵元数据实现对信号来波方向进行有效估计的方法进行了分析和验证.其原理在于,直接将失效阵元进行隔离,利用剩余阵元形成的非均匀圆阵,进行MUSIC算法测向.该方法能在较高信噪比条件下实现和原阵列几乎相同的估计精度,在较低信噪比、信号数较小的条件下,也能取得良好的估计性能,大大增强了整个阵列谱估计的稳健性和鲁棒性.     

均匀圆阵中盲联合角度和时延估计方法

提出了均匀圆阵中一种盲联合角度和时延的估计方法（BJADE）。对阵列天线输出的过采样样本的Fourier变换后信号进行分析，表明此信号具有三线性模型特征。该算法先利用三线性交替最小二乘（TALS）算法估计出方向矩阵和时延矩阵，然后利用时延矩阵的Vandermonde特征、基于最小二乘方法进行时延估计；利用方向矩阵结构特点和基于最小二乘方法进行二维角度估计。仿真结果说明BJADE方法具有较好角度和时延估计性能，且在过载情况下仍有较好的性能。该方法无须信道冲激响应，是一种盲、健壮的联合处理方法。     

基于均匀圆阵的低运算量时空二维Rake接收机实现方法

本文通过引入阵列天线，将传统的1－D Rake接收机推广到了时空域。在均匀圆阵条件下，提出了一种时空二维搜索和跟踪算法，避免了耗时的信号来波方向（DOA）的估计；采用一种适用于CDMA系统的与数据无关的空域滤波器，降低了进行空域滤波器优化的运算量。与基于最优空域滤波器的方法相比，在用户数较大时，本文方法抑制干扰和噪声的能力逼近空域优化方法，而其运算量小于空域优化方法。与具有相当运算量的波束切换方法相比，由于本文中的时空跟踪器能使波束的主瓣始终对准用户来波方向，其抑制干扰和噪声的性能优于波束切换方法。本文最后以数值仿真实验验证了上述结论。     

基于均匀圆阵的二维ESPRIT算法研究

在深入研究均匀圆阵扩展阵列流形的基础上，针对某些均匀圆阵的扩展阵列中含有旋转不变性的子阵列组以及中心对称性质，提出了2种基于均匀圆阵的二维ESPRIT算法，第一种算法减少了一次奇异值分解，第二种算法避免了参数配对。仿真结果验证了算法的正确性和有效性，并且在高斯色噪声条件下，其测向性能均优于MUSIC算法和最大似然算法。     

基于均圆阵的扩展循环 MUSIC 算法简

将循环平稳理论引入到均匀圆阵的波达方向估计中,提出了一种基于圆阵的扩展循环MUSIC算法。同时利用信号的循环相关阵和循环共轭相关阵的信息,有效抑制了同频带内干扰和噪声的影响,实现了感兴趣信号与干扰信号的有效分离。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法具有较高的波达方向估计精度和较好的多信号分辨能力,且突破了经典MUSIC算法关于信源数不能超过阵元数的限制。     

Equal BER performance in linear successive interferencecancellation for CDMA systems

In this contribution, we calculate the received power distribution required to obtain equal bit-error rate (BER) performance for all links in a code-division multiple-access system employing a linear successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver at the base station for an additive white Gaussian noise channel. We show that the variance of the decision statistic of the linear SIC receiver can be formulated in a nonrecursive manner that allows calculation of the power profile necessary to obtain equal signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratios for all received signals when cancellation order is determined based on average power. When equal BER performance is required, this formulation allows capacity limits to be determined for a required signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) or an SINR limitation to be calculated for a given capacity. We also show that the power profiles required are significantly larger than those obtained when perfect cancellation is assumed, highlighting the inadequacy of such an assumption     

Modern approaches in modeling of mobile radio systems propagation environment

In this article a review of popular propagation models for wireless communication channels is given. Macrocell, microcell, and indoor prediction methods are considered separately. Advantages and disadvantages of these models are discussed. Also, some practical improvements of the existing models as well as some new models are given.