Growth and microstructure of AlN whiskers and dendrites

AlN whiskers or dendrites were synthesized with a sublimation-recrytallization method by using Al,AlN powders and some additives as raw materials.Whiskers with different sizes that featured high purity and good crystallinity were obtained by controlling temperature and gas supersaturation in the reaction container,The whiskers were described as long and straight single crystals of approximately 1-30 um in diameter by the centimeter range in length.However,AlN dendrites were about 1mm in diameter by 0.5cm in length,and showed an obviously preferential growth orientation.i.e.,perpendicular to [211] and [1011] planes.It is concluded that the whiskers or dendrites grow via the vapor-solid mechanism.     

Electronic Structures and Chemical Bonds of Cobaltite and Ni-Doped

The relation among electronic structure, chemical bond and thermoelectric property of Ca3 Co2 O6 and Ni-doped was studied by density function theory and discrete variation method（DFT-DVM）. The results indicate that the highest valence band（ HVB ）attd the lowest conduction band（ LCB ） are mainly attribuled to Co3d, Ni3d and O2p atomic orbitals. The property of a semiconductor is shown from the gap between HVB and LCB. The gap of Ni-doped one is less than that of Ca3 Co2 O6. The non-metal bond or ceramic characteristic of Ni-doped one is weaker than that of Ca3 Co2 O6, but the metal characteristics of Ni-doped one are stronger than those of Ca3 Co2 O6. The thermoelectric property should be improved by adding Ni element into the system of Ca3 Co2 O6 .     

Magnetic properties and XPS of Dy-Y and Dy-Nd alloys

The magnetic properties and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra in the Dy100-xYx and Dy100-zNdz rare-earth alloys are studied.The magnetism measurements show that the dhcp crystal-field influence in the Dy-Nd alloys,which tends to destroy the orbital moment,does not vanish even though a field of 6T is applied.With increasing Y (or Nd) content the temperature region corresponding to helical phase becomes wider (or narrower).The XPS records suggest that the property of the valence fluctuation in neodymium tends to increase the Fermi wave vector kF of the Dy-Nd alloys.This testifies that the abrupt dropping of the Neel temperature,as Nd is introduced,is not only due to a dilution effect of Nd.The introduction of light rare earths into heavy ones is favorable for suppressing the helical phase in the alloys and overcoming the negative magnetocaloric effect.This result will play a guiding role in designing composite magnetic refrigeration working substances.     

Pattern Recognition and Forecast of Coal and Gas Outburst

Coal and gas outburst is a complicated dynamic phenomenon in coal mines, Multi-factor Pattern Recognition is based on the relevant data obtained from research achievements of Geo-dynamic Division, With the help of spatial data management, the Neuron Network and Cluster algorithm are applied to predict the danger probability of coal and gas outburst in each cell of coal mining district. So a coal-mining district can be divided into three areas： dangerous area, minatory area, and safe area. This achievement has been successfully applied for regional prediction of coal and gas outburst in Hualnan mining area in China.     

Synthesis of Ni-Zn ferfite and its microstructure and magnetic properties

Nanometer Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powders with spinel phase were prepared by the hydrothermal method using purified FeSO4 solution from sodium jarosite＇s slag as materials. The results show that the spinel phase of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powders begins to form at a relatively low temperature （130 ℃） and a shorter holding time （1 h） when pH=8. The crystallization kinetics equation at 200℃ is ln[-ln（1-x）] =-0.78＋0.951n t. The growth activation energy of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 grains is 41.6 kJ/moL in hydrothermal synthesis process. With the increase of sintering temperature, the density and diameter shrinkage of ferrite circulus increase, whereas its pores decrease. The results of magnetic measurements show that saturation magnetic flux density Bs increases and the coercivity Hc decreases with the increase of their sintering temperature. Magnetic parameters of all the investigated samples satisfy the character demand of high Bs, low Br and low Hc of soft magnetic ferrite materials.     

Geodynamical features and geotectonic evolution of Kalimantan and adjacent areas

Kalimantan Island is located in the Southeast Asia continental marginal tectono-magmatic mobile zone in the West Pacific Ocean, where the lithosphere of Earth is one of the most complicated tectonic mobile regions on the Earth since Meso-Cenozoic. Based on the geophysical data of the basement and deep structures, the stress field of mantle flow, the maximum principal stress field and geothermal flux, the crustal nature and geodynamical features of Kalimantan Island and adjacent areas were analyzed. Researches on geotectonic movement and evolution of Kalimantan and adjacent areas show that Southeast Asia continental margin crustobody was formed at about middle-late Triassic. In addition, the geotectonic units of the Kalimantan area were subdivided, and characteristics of their geotectonic evolution were discussed.     

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polysiloxanes and NBR Blend Elastomer

A series of elastomers , based on NBR , polysiloxanes （PS） were prepared and characterized by tensile tests, thermogravimetry （ TG ） and differential scanning calorimetry （ DSC ）. Two kinds of vulcanizing agent, DMDBH （2,5-dimethyl- 2,5-di （ t- butyl perory ） hexane ） and DCP （ dicumylperoxide ） were used to investigate the influence of different vulcanizing agents on properties of PS/ NBR. The addition of PS to NBR was found to improve the thermal stability and decrease the tensile strength of NBR. The tensile strength decreased conshterably while the elongation at break increased obviously with the increase of PS content. The series using DMDBH as vulcanizing agent showed a higher tensile strength and elongation at break than the series using DCP as vulcanizing agent. Simultaneity the thermal stability increased with the increase of PS content.     

Decomposition and reconstitution principle for complex surfaces and its applications

Though there are already a variety of models for complex surfaces, they are not so convenient as needed in practice. A hierarchical model and the principle of decomposition and reconstitution for complex surfaces have been proposed, which have the potential to enhance the support of automated design systems on creative work intelligently Then the progress made is discussed involving the applications of the new principle in the following three areas:conjugation surface calculation, tool path generation in numerically controlled machining, and machining process innovation by re-recognition     

Synthesis of Ni-Zn ferrite and its microstructure and magnetic properties

1 INTRODUCTION Ni-Zn ferrite with spinel structure is a versatile technological material due to their high-resistivity and low-eddy current losses, particularly suitable for high-frequency applications. Ni-Zn ferrites have been commercially used in recording heads, antennas rods, loading coils, microwave devices and telecommunication applications fields, and so on[1?2]. Ni-Zn ferrites are usually prepared by the conventional ceramic method[3] and the wet-chemical method[4?16]. The cerami…     

Existence of supremum and infimum in E～ and relations of (M) integral and (G) integral

Proves the existence of supremum and infimum in the noncompact fuzzy number space E～, redefines E～-valued (M) integral, and then discusses the relations between (M) integral and (G) integral of E～-valued functions.     

Growth changes and tissues anatomical characteristics of giant reed(Arundo donax L.) in soil contaminated with arsenic,cadmium and lead

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to elucidate the growth changes and tissues anatomical characteristics of giant reed(Arundo donax L.),a perennial rhizomatous grass,which was cultivated for 70 d in soils contaminated with As,Cd and Pb.The results show that giant reed rapidly grows with big biomass of shoots in contaminated soil,possessing strong metal-tolerance with limited metal translocation from roots to shoots.When As,Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil are less than 254,76.1 and 1 552 mg/kg,respectively,plant height and dried biomass are slightly reduced,the accumulation of As,Cd and Pb in shoots of giant reed is low while metal concentration in roots is high,and the anatomical characteristics of stem tissues are thick and homogeneous according to SEM images.However,plant height and dried biomass are significantly reduced and metal concentration in plant shoots and roots are significantly increased(P0.05),the stems images become heterogeneous and the secretion in vascular bundles increases significantly when As,Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil exceed 334,101 and 2 052 mg/kg,respectively.The giant reed is a promising,naturally occurring plant with strong metal-tolerance,which can be cultivated in soils contaminated with multiple metals for ecoremediation purposes.     

昆山市农用地土壤重金属污染现状及评价

为了解昆山市农用地土壤重金属的含量及其污染情况,通过调查、采样和实验室分析,并采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合指数法对测定结果进行评价。结果表明,重金属平均含量分别为Cd 0.199mg/kg、Hg 0.199mg/kg、Pb 30.484mg/kg、Cr 87.729mg/kg、Cu 314.275mg/kg、Zn0.256 mg/kg、N i 31.083mg/kg、As 8.150 mg/kg。农用地土壤已受到不同程度的污染,主要污染物为Cd,其平均单项污染指数为13.525。除As外的其他重金属含量都高于土壤背景值,Cd、Hg、Cr、Pb存在着严重的点源污染,整个昆山市农用地土壤重金属污染区域差异比较明显。     

南洞庭湖湿地优势植物重金属含量及富集特征

通过野外调查采样,分析了南洞庭湖湿地8个采样点土壤和优势植物中重金属含量,以及南洞庭湖湿地9种优势植物对Cd、Cu和Sb的吸收及富集特性.结果表明,南洞庭湖湿地土壤中3种重金属元素的平均含量均超出湖南省土壤背景值和全国土壤背景值,土壤受Cd污染最严重.9种优势植物体内Cd、As和Sb的含量较高,具有修复洞庭湖湿地土壤Cd、As和Sb污染的潜力.其中蒌蒿（Artemisia selengensis）对Cd和Sb表现出显著的富集转移特征,可作为洞庭湖湿地土壤污染修复的备选材料.八棱麻（Boehmeria siamensis）对Sb的富集系数和转运系数均大于1,对重金属有较强耐受性,作为重金属污染的修复植物具有较好的应用前景.     

矿业活动对锑矿区土壤的重金属污染特征及生态风险影响

为了评价矿业活动和生态修复措施对锑矿区土壤的重金属污染影响,调查了锡矿山锑矿区冶炼区、公路沿线区、采矿区及尾矿区中不同用地性质土壤中Sb、As、Pb及Cd等重金属含量,并用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对污染程度、潜在生态风险进行了评价。结果表明：锑矿区土壤样品中Sb、As、Pb及Cd的平均含量分别为3619.38、82.20、244.28、30.84 mg/kg,重金属复合污染严重;地累积指数法及潜在生态风险指数法评价表明,锑矿区Sb和Cd污染严重,As、Pb有轻度到中度污染,综合来看,具有极强的生态风险,其中,Sb和Cd是最主要的污染因子。冶炼、开采、运输和堆放等矿业活动使各区域土壤的重金属浓度呈显著区域特征;废矿渣土壤、荒地、林地、底泥、生态修复草地和菜地等土壤样品中的重金属Sb含量依次减小,植物生态修复方法是治理土壤锑污染的一种有效手段。     

矿山充填复垦场地重金属含量对比研究

为保证矿山充填复垦场地作为农用地的生态安全性，通过对现场不同深度土壤、小麦根系采样分析，研究了粉煤灰和煤矸石两种不同物料充填复垦场地中As，Hg，Pb，Cu，Cd，Cr，Zn等重金属的含量，并与当地对照土壤比较．结果表明：粉煤灰中Pb，Cu含量高于比照土壤，矸石中Cu，Zn含量高于比照土壤，但是充填复垦场地覆土土层0～20cm厚度内，除了矸石充填场地Zn明显高于比照土壤外，其他元素含量均无明显差异，覆土土层40cm厚度处，矸石充填场地Cu，Zn含量明显高于比照土壤；而充填复垦场地作物根系中的重金属含量与对照场地不存在明显差异，矸石与粉煤灰中重金属的含量与作物根系的重金属含量并不成正比．     

不同地区土壤对铜、镉、铅、锌的吸附特性

采用振荡平衡法研究了黑龙江双鸭山市、长白山椴树下、陕西兴平、吉林化工学院玉龙山土壤对Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋、Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附特性及溶液重金属初始含量对吸附的影响．实验结果表明：土壤对重金属的吸附因土壤性质和重金属特性的不同而不同．4种土壤对Cu^2＋的吸附符合Freundlich方程,其中黑龙江土壤拟合的相关性最好;4种土壤对Cd^2＋的吸附等温方程符合Langmuir方程,其中长白山土壤拟合的相关性最好;4种土壤对Pb^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附等温方程拟合的Freundlich方程较Langmuir方程相关性好．     

典型工业区周围土壤重金属污染评价及空间分布

以沈阳冶炼厂厂区及其周围土壤为对象,研究土壤重金属污染状况及其空间分布特征.结果表明,调查区域表层土壤(0-20 cm)中,Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn浓度范围分别在7.25-81.20,562.92-1014.10,289.70-527.93,673.36-1021.60 mg/kg,其平均含量分别为国家土壤质量二级标准(GB15618-1995)的74.92,2.27,4.07和3.15倍,污染程度呈现出Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb的特征.在空间分布方面,受人为与环境气象因子的共同影响,原沈阳冶炼厂厂区周围土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn 4种重金属污染带的空间分布特征呈西北至东南方向分布,西北方向土壤污染最为严重,东北至西南方向和正东至正西方向较轻.4种重金属中,Zn的污染范围最大,Cd污染在空间分布上主要集中于污染点源附近,Pb和Cu的空间分布介于Cd和Zn之间.     

李氏禾对电镀污泥污染土壤中铬铜镍的吸收和积累

通过盆栽试验研究了在电镀污泥（0、25%、50%、75%、100%）污染土壤中生长的李氏禾对Cr、Cu、Ni复合污染的耐受和积累能力。100%电镀污泥中总Cr、Cu、Ni含量分别为32 452.91、15 784.82、12 115.27 mg/kg。结果表明,李氏禾能够在25%电镀污泥中保持正常生长,地上部Cr、Cu、Ni含量随着土壤重金属含量增加而显著升高;Cr、Cu、Ni积累量在100%电镀污泥中可达70.87、41.68、43.18μg/株。李氏禾对较高浓度重金属复合污染土壤中的Cr、Cu、Ni有较强的耐受和积累能力,在重金属复合污染土壤的植物修复方面具有一定潜力。     

Application of phosphate-containing materials affects bioavailability of rare earth elements and bacterial community in soils

The exploitation and smelting of rare earths can cause serious pollution to the farmland around the mining area. The rare earth elements(REEs) are absorbed by crops and enter the human body through the food chain, which threatens people's health. The effects of four phosphorus-containing materials-calcium superphosphate(SSP), phosphate rock(PR), calcium magnesium phosphate(CMP) and bone charcoal(BC) on rice growth and bacterial community structure in REE mining area of Xinfeng County were studied by pot experiment. The soil solution was collected during rice transplanting and harvest periods respectively, the rice and soil samples were collected and sequenced. The concentrations of water-soluble REEs were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), and bacteria in soil was deeply sequenced by the Illumina Miseq sequencing platform. PR, CMP and BC promoted the growth of rice, improved the biomass of rice roots, shoots and grains, and significantly reduced absorption and accumulation of REEs in rice roots, shoots and grains. SSP treatment reduced the pH value of soil, significantly improved the concentration of REE solution in soil and improved biomass of rice roots, shoots and grains,and significantly improved the concentration of REEs in grain. The effects of phosphorus-containing materials on the absorption and accumulation of 15 REEs in rice roots, shoots and grains were very different, and significantly influenced the soil bacterial community. SSP reduced richness and diversity of bacteria. CMP improved the diversity of soil bacteria, but reduced their richness. PR and BC treatment improved the richness and diversity of soil bacteria, and significantly increased the abundance of Bacillus. The results showed that adding PR, CMP and BC to soil in the REE mining area of Xinfeng can improve food security and eco-environmental quality, and hence, are potential restorative materials; SSP is not recommended for use in acidic soils.     

大宝山矿区河流沿岸土壤重金属污染分析与评价

由于对土壤环境的分析与研究存在着一定的不确定性,使用模糊数学的评价方法对于不定量的研究具备比较精确和细化的作用,能够为涉及土壤重金属污染等具有相对较模糊和不能量化特征的学科提供较为精确的研究方法。通过对韶关市大宝山重金属矿区的矿山开发和土壤重金属污染现状采取实地调查和取样分析,在大宝山矿区的上、下游以所选取5个区域土壤的Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu,Ni,Zn等6种重金属元素的含量作为样本数据,结合模糊数学理论在重金属污染评价方面的应用,建立模糊评价模型进行分析,其结果表明矿区下游区域土壤的重金属污染主要致灾污染因子为矿山开采所导致的重金属污染。并且,凉桥、水楼下、石柱下、上坝和下坝村等大宝山下游区域土壤中的Cd,Cu,Pb等重金属元素含量均已超过国家土壤质量标准（GB 15618-1995）规定的土壤二级标准值。