Improved Tribocorrosion Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy by Anodic Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Ti6Al4V alloy has good corrosion resistance due to the formation of the passive oxide films on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy. However, Ti6Al4V alloy has poor tribocorrosion resistance in the seawater environment. Herein the present work, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) with the electrolyte of glycerol and sodium borate is used to generate PEO coatings on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy to improve its tribocorrosion properties. The microstructure and tribocorrosion properties of PEO coatings are investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tribometer, respectively. The growth kinetics and the tribocorrosion mechanisms of PEO coatings are discussed in detail. It is shown in the results that PEO coatings deposited on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy are composed of rutile and anatase phases. The surface hardness and thickness of PEO coatings are enhanced with the increase of the voltage and time. The wear rate of Ti6Al4V alloy with PEO coatings is significantly reduced in artificial seawater.     

Protective Effect of the Sputtered TiAlCrAg Coating on the High-Temperature Oxidation and Hot Corrosion Resistance of Ti-Al-Nb Alloy

The effect of a sputtered Ti-48AI-8Cr-2Ag (at. pct) coating on the oxidation resistance of the cast Ti-46.5AI-5Nb (at. pct) alloy was investigated in air at 1000-1100℃. Hot corrosion in molten 75 wt pct Na2SO4+25 wt pct K2SO4 was investigated at 900℃. The scale on the cast TiAINb tends to spall in air, while the scale on coating is very adherent. The sputtered Ti-48AI-8Cr-2Ag coating remarkably improved high temperature oxidation resistance of the cast Ti-46.5AI-5Nb alloy because of the formation of an adherent Al2O3 scale. Due to the inward diffusion of Cr, Kirkendall voids were found at the coating/substrate interface. TiAICrAg coating provided excellent hot corrosion resistance for TiAINb alloy in molten 75 wt pct Na2SO4+25 wt pct K2S04 at 900℃ due to the formation of a continuous Al2O3 scale.     

Production,Properties and Microstructures of Mg—RE—Zn—Zr（RE=MM,Nd）Alloy

The Mg-MM and Mg-Nd master alloys were prepared through the ingot metallurgy method under the protection of a special flux.The thermodynamic behaviors of different rare earth elements in the molten Mg alloys were investigated.Two experimental alloys,Mg-3.0 wt pct MM-0.7wt pct Zn-0.7wt pct Zr and Mg-2.8wt pct Nd-0.7wt pct Zn-0.7wt pct Zr,were prepared.The hardness and tensile properties of experimental alloys were measured and the microstructures were observed.The results showed that the rare earth elements could react greatly with the Mg chloride in the flux.The Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy displayed a good aging hardening effect.The dispersed metastable phase βˊ(Mg3Nd) is an important strengthening phase to improve the tensile properties of this alloy.So the M-g-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy has better tensile properties and elongation than those of the Mg-MM-Zn-Zr alloy,and the ductile fracture character could be observed.The microvoid coalescence is the dominant fracture mechanism in this alloy.     

Effect of Ca additions on microstructure and microhardness of an as-cast Mg-5.0 wt.% Al alloy

The effects of Ca additions (0.5-2.0 wt.%) on the microstructure and the microhardness of an as-cast Mg-5.0 wt.% Al alloy have been investigated. The coarse microstructure of the base alloy can be refined through adding Ca. DSC and TEM results showed that, as Ca additions increased up to 1.5 wt.% Ca, the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase was completely replaced by a (Al, Mg)₂Ca phase. The Vickers microhardness of the as-cast Mg-Al-Ca alloys increased with increasing Ca content. Tests on the Mg-5.0Al-2.0Ca (wt.%) alloy showed an indentation size effect, which was well described by Meyer's Law.     

铝合金表面Ti-Al双丝超音速电弧喷涂涂层的组织与性能研究

利用SAS－1型超音速电弧喷涂设备和钛、铝丝在适当的工艺条件下，在LY12铝合金表面制成了钛铝合金复合涂层。并利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪、电子探针等，对涂层的成分、相结构、显微结构、孔隙率及其结合强度、显微硬度和耐磨性进行了研究。结果表明，利用超音速电弧喷涂设备，可以在铝基表面形成低孔隙率小于2.8%，结合强度为29MPa，显微硬度HV0.2为631和干滑动磨损体积仅为LY12基体1／7的TiAl合金涂层。显微组织观察发现，涂层与基体间有冶金结合的迹象，组织结构分析表明，涂层由TiN（TiO)，Al,Ti,TiAl,Ti3Al等相组成。涂层的磨损机制可能以化合物等硬质相的剥落引起的磨粒磨损和氧化磨损为主。     

YSZ纤维增强等离子喷涂Al2O3/8YSZ涂层耐磨性能研究

将纤维增韧理念应用在等离子喷涂涂层设计中,可提升陶瓷涂层的断裂韧性,解决等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层韧性不足的问题。采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了添加4%和8%(质量分数)氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)的YSZ纤维增强Al_2O_3/8YSZ涂层,对纤维增强涂层的断裂韧性及耐磨性能进行了研究。结果表明:等离子喷涂YSZ纤维增强Al_2O_3/8YSZ陶瓷涂层由α-Al_2O_3、γ-Al_2O_3和t′相组成;添加YSZ纤维后,涂层的断裂韧性明显改善,添加8%YSZ纤维复合涂层的KIC达2.924 MPa·m~(1/2),涂层的显微硬度变化较小;在相同磨损工况下,相比于未添加纤维的涂层,YSZ纤维增强涂层的耐磨性显著提高,其中,添加8%YSZ纤维后复合涂层的耐磨性是未添加涂层的2.5倍。     

Laser surface coating of Mo–WC metal matrix composite on Ti6Al4V alloy

Laser surface alloying of Mo, WC and Mo–WC powders on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloys using a 2 kW Nd-YAG laser was performed. The dilution effect upon the microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of the surface metal matrix composite (MMC) coating was investigated. With a constant thickness of pre-placed powder, the dilution levels of the alloyed layers were found to increase with the incident laser power. The fabricated surface MMC layer was metallurgically bonded to the Ti6Al4V substrate. The microhardness of the fabricated surface layer was found to be inversely proportional to the dilution level. The EDAX and XRD spectra results show that new intermetallic compounds and alloy phases were formed in the MMC layer. With the existence of Mo content in the pre-placed powder, the β-phase of Ti in the MMC coating can be retained at the quenching process. With increasing weight percentage content of WC particles in the Mo–WC pre-pasted powder, the microhardness and sliding wear resistance of the laser surface coating were increased by 87% and 150 times, respectively, as compared with the Ti6Al4V alloy. The surface friction of the laser-fabricated MMC coatings was also decreased as compared with the worn Ti6Al4V substrate.     

Microstructure and microtexture evolution with aging treatment in an Al–Mg–Si alloy severely deformed by HPT

Experiments were conducted on an Al–0.6 % Mg–0.4 % Si alloy to evaluate the effect of different preliminary thermal treatments on the evolution of microstructure and microtexture during processing by High-Pressure Torsion (HPT). Disks of the alloy were solution-treated, then some disks were briefly aged at 473 K, and other disks were briefly aged at 523 K before processing by HPT for up to 20 complete revolutions. The processing by HPT refined the microstructure to an average grain size as small as ~0.25 μm in the solution-treated alloy after 20 turns but preliminary aging led to slightly larger average grain sizes of ~0.35–0.40 μm after 20 turns. For all processing conditions, there was a high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries after HPT and it is shown that aging introduces changes in the microtexture intensities.     

A Near-bulk Quasicrystal Alloy Formed in Zn-Mg-Y System

Zn-Mg-Y and Mg-Zn-Y-Zr ingots with different chemical compositions were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The icosahedral phases were found in all alloys studied in present work under the as-cast conditions. There are nearly all quasicrystal phases with some MgZn2 Laves phase in a Zn-28.31Mg-13.80Y alloy (wt pct).After annealing at 400℃ for 8 h, the quasicrystal phases transformed to an fcc "W" phase in an Mg-5.57Zn-1.08Y-0.60Zr alloy (wt pct).     

Sliding Wear Behavior of Plasma Sprayed Zirconia Coating on Cast Aluminum against Silicon Carbide Ceramic

1.IntroductionPlasma-sprayed zirconia ceramic coating is widelyused for heat engines,gas turbine parts,aerospace seals,and lubrication systems,because of its special mechani-cal,chemical,and thermal properties[1].Previous stud-ies of the friction and wear patterns of zirconia andits coatings have been reported[2~14].The wear be-havior of zirconia ceramics seemed to be very sensi-tive to the structure of the material,and to test pa-rameters such as temperature,environment,and slid-ing speed[2].…     

Effect of Si3N4 Addition on the Mechanical Properties, Microstructures, and Wear Resistance of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

In order to improve the wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V, different amounts of Si3N4 powder were added into the alloy powder and sintered at 1250℃. Porous titanium alloy with higher wear resistance was successfully fabricated. At sintering temperature, reaction took place and a new hard phase of Ti5Si3 formed. The mechanical properties of the fabricated alloys with different amounts of Si3N4 addition were investigated. The hardness of Ti-6Al-4V, which is the index of wear resistance, was increased by the addition of Si3N4. Amounts of Si3N4 addition have very significant influences on hardness and compressive strength. In present study,titanium alloy with 5 wt pct Si3N4 addition has 62% microhardness and 45% overall bulk hardness increase,respectively. In contrast, it has a 16.4% strength reduction. Wear resistance was evaluated by the weight loss during wear test. A new phase of Ti5Si3 was detected by electron probe microanalyzer （EPMA） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The original Si3N4 decomposed during sintering and transformed into titanium silicide. Porous structure was achieved due to the sintering reaction.     

Microstructure of Cu-based Amorphous Composite Coatings on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy by Laser Cladding

To improve the sliding wear resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy,Cu-based amorphous composite coatings made of Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 and Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8+20 wt pct SiC powders were fabricated on AZ91D magnesium alloy by laser cladding,respectively.SEM(scanning electron microscopy),EDS(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy),XRD(X-ray diffraction) and TEM(transmission electron microscopy) techniques were employed to study the phases of the coatings.The results show that the coatings mainly consist of amorphous phase a...     

Evaluation of the effects of plasma nitriding temperature and time on the characterisation of Ti 6Al 4V alloy

The effects of plasma nitriding (PN) temperature and time on the structural and tribological characterisation of Ti 6Al 4V alloy were investigated. PN processes under gas mixture of N₂/H₂ = 4 were performed at temperatures of 700, 750, 800 and 850 °C for duration of 2, 5 and 10 h. Cross section and surface characterisation were evaluated by means of SEM, AFM, XRD and microhardness test techniques. Dry wear tests were performed using a pin on disc machine. Mass loss and coefficient of friction were measured during the wear tests. Three distinguished structures including of a compound layer (constituted of δ-TiN and ɛ-Ti₂N), an aluminium-rich region and a diffusion zone (interstitial solid solution of nitrogen in titanium) were detected at the surface of plasma nitrided Ti 6Al 4V alloy. These structures increased surface hardness of Ti 6Al 4V alloy significantly and gradually distributed the hardness from the surface to the substrate. The "surface hardness", "surface roughness", "wear resistance" and "coefficient of friction" of the alloy were increased due to plasma nitriding process. Moreover, rising both process temperature and time led to increasing of "layers thicknesses", "surface hardness", "surface roughness", "dynamic load-ability" and "wear resistance" of Ti 6Al 4V alloy.     

Electrodeposited composite coating of Ni-W-P with nano-sized rod- and spherical-shaped SiC particles

In this research, Ni-W-P-SiC nanocomposite coatings are electrodeposited from the plating solution containing suspension of nano-sized spherical- and rod-shaped SiC particles. The influence of SiC particle charge, applied current density, surfactant addition and the particle shape on the SiC incorporation rate has been studied. The phase structure, microhardness and wear resistance of Ni-W-P-SiC nanocomposite coatings were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness tester and wear test apparatus. The surface morphology of the produced coatings and worn surfaces has been investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, the composite coating exhibited higher hardness and wear resistance than the pure Ni-W-P alloy. Regardless the particle shape, the mechanical characteristics of composite coatings are improved with increasing of SiC wt.% into the matrix. The corrosion behavior of the produced coatings was studied using anodic polarization measurements. The nanocomposite coating incorporating SiC rods exhibited higher mechanical and corrosion performance compared with deposits with spherical SiC nano-particles.     

Ti6Al4V合金表面耐磨涂层的研究进展

评述了Ti6Al4V合金表面耐磨涂层的最新研究进展，特别对新的微弧氧化陶瓷涂层予以关注，并由此提出了深入研究的方向。     

An investigation into the mechanical and tribological properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation and hard-anodized coatings on 6082 aluminum alloy

A ceramic coating on AA6082 aluminum alloy prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has been studied and compared against a sulphuric acid hard-anodized coating on the same alloy. Surface morphology and microstructures of the coatings have been examined by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction is used to determine the phase composition of the coatings. The adhesion strength of the coatings has been evaluated using a scratch test method. The coating's mechanical properties such elastic modulus and hardness data have been generated using a dynamic ultra-microhardness tester. Sliding wear tests with different loading rates are performed on the coatings in order to assess their wear resistance. Test results show that the PEO treated samples exhibit significantly better mechanical properties compared to hard anodized samples. The elastic modulus and hardness of the PEO coating are 2-3 times greater than of the hard anodized coating and subsequently, an improved wear resistance of the PEO coating has been achieved. The mechanical properties of the coatings and their relations to their tribological performance are discussed.     

Effects of aging treatment on microstructure and tribological properties of nickel-based high-temperature self-lubrication wear resistant composite coatings by laser cladding

The NiCr/Cr₃C₂–WS₂ high-temperature self-lubrication wear resistant composite coatings were fabricated on substrate of a hot-rolled AISI304 austenitic stainless steel by laser cladding. The high-temperature phase stability of the composite coatings was evaluated by aging at 600 °C for 10 h, 30 h, 50 h, and the microstructures of the as-laser clad and aged coatings were examined by means of XRD, SEM, EDS, respectively. The sliding wear resistance of the as-laser clad and aged coatings was evaluated at 600 °C. The results show that NiCr/Cr₃C₂–WS₂ composite coating has excellent high-temperature phase stability, the γ-(Fe,Ni)/Cr₇C₃ eutectic phases, Cr₇C₃ and (Cr,W)C hard phases, CrS/WS₂ mixed solid lubricant phases all existed in the as-laser clad and aged coatings. The volume fraction of eutectic phases decreased gradually with the increasing of aged time due to their dissolution. The microhardness of the aged coating decreased slightly after aging the coating 50 h at 600 °C due to the dissolution of the eutectic phases and notable breaking or granulation of the Cr₇C₃ hard phase, but the tribological properties were not significantly affected by aging treatment.     

Densification of the Tungsten Heavy Alloys at 1473 K and Fabrication of W-Mo System FGM with Density Gradient

beusedindynamichigh-pressuretechnologyI1J.Itcanproducequasi-isentropiccompressionontargetmaterials,fromwhichextremeexperimentalconditionssuchashighpressureorhighvelocitycanbeobtainedforther-modynamicphysicsstudy.While,suchreallyidealexperimentalconditionscannotbeprovidedbythetraditionalhomogeneousmaterialorlaminatedmate-rial.Recently,theresearchonsuchFGMofAl-Cusys-temhasbeenreported[2],butitisstillnecessarytoinvestigatesuchmaterialsinhigherdensityrange.Infact,thethermophysicalpropertiesofme…     

Ceramic coatings of LA141 alloy formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation for corrosion protection

Superlight Mg-Li alloy is a promising structural materials in aerospace, automobile, and electronics because of its excellent properties such as low density, high ductility, superior strength-to-weight ratio, and good damping ability. The fabrication of compact plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings with excellent corrosion resistance is valuable for the widespread application of Mg-Li alloy. Here we present a ceramic coating on the surface of Mg-14Li-1Al (LA141) alloy for corrosion protection via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in an alkaline silicate electrolyte with tungstate as an additive. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thin film-X-ray diffraction analysis of coatings show that the surface coating is mainly comprised of Mg(2)SiO(4), MgO and WO(3). Scanning electron microscopy observations have revealed that the dense and compact coating formed in the presence of tungstate has less structural imperfections in comparison to the control one fabricated without use of tungstate. The effect of oxidation time on the morphology and phase composition of coatings is also examined in detail.     

添加稀土Gd对Mg-6Al镁合金组织和耐蚀性的影响

Mg-6Al镁合金具有较好的铸造性能和力学性能,目前鲜见单一稀土元素对其腐蚀性能影响的报道。通过合金制备、微观组织分析和耐蚀性测试等方法研究了稀土Gd添加量对Mg-6Al镁合金微观组织和耐蚀性能的影响。OM、SEM、EDS、XRD分析结果表明,稀土Gd的添加改善并细化了Mg-6Al合金的铸态组织,形成杆状或块状的Al2Gd新相;动电位极化、浸泡试验等测试结果表明Gd的添加显著提高了Mg-6Al合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,Mg-6Al-2%Gd镁合金的腐蚀速度最小,为0.83 mm/a,且腐蚀后组织较为致密,腐蚀产物和腐蚀坑均变小,Mg-6Al-x Gd合金的腐蚀产物主要为Mg(OH)2。