稀土钇含量对B10铜合金组织和性能的影响

用中频真空感应炉制备了不同钇含量的B10铜合金,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验机、维氏硬度计和电化学工作站等研究了稀土钇含量对合金显微组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:微量稀土钇可显著细化晶粒,提高合金的强度和硬度;随钇含量增加,合金的晶粒尺寸先减小后略有增大,强度和硬度先增大后略降低,塑性则变化不大;添加微量稀土钇后,腐蚀表面膜和B10铜合金基体的结合力增强,耐腐蚀性能得到提高;随稀土钇含量增加,合金的冲刷腐蚀速率先降低后略升高,电荷转移电阻Rt和氧化膜层电阻Rf均先增加后有所降低。     

在铜镁合金表面制备MgO/Cu复合材料内氧化层的组织和性能

采用内氧化法在铜镁合金表面制备了MgO/Cu复合材料内氧化层,研究了内氧化时间对内氧化层厚度、硬度、导电率的影响以及内氧化层的组织,并分析了铜镁合金的内氧化热力学。结果表明:随着内氧化时间延长,内氧化层的厚度和导电率均逐渐增加,硬度则先升后降;当内氧化时间为10h时,内氧化层的性能最佳,导电率为75.9%IACS,硬度为123.3HV;铜镁合金经内氧化后,固溶在铜基体内的镁以MgO的形式析出形成内氧化层,MgO颗粒弥散分布是内氧化层综合性能大幅提高的根本原因;铜镁合金内氧化热力学的临界氧分压,介于10-31 419/T+5.66和10-17 611/T+12.91之间。     

工艺参数对不同尺寸镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层厚度的影响

研究了电流密度、溶液浓度对不同尺寸镁合金MB8微弧氧化陶瓷层厚度的影响。研究表明,较大面积镁合金试样的陶瓷膜厚度及粗糙度,随电流密度的变化趋势,与小试样一致,但变化幅度较小;本实验条件下,最佳电流密度应控制在2 A/dm2左右;在相同浓度下,大面积使用镁合金试样得到的陶瓷膜层较薄,应增大为原来的2~3倍。     

强流脉冲电子束处理对GW103K镁合金表面微观结构和性能的影响

采用强流脉冲电子束(HCPEB)对GW103K镁合金进行表面处理,研究了不同脉冲次数(5次,15次)处理后合金的表面微观结构、硬度和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:经HCPEB处理后,GW103K镁合金表面存在大量火山坑、收缩针孔和孪晶,原始组织中的β-Mg5(Gd,Y)颗粒基本溶解在基体中;15次脉冲HCPEB处理后合金的表面形貌和化学成分比5次脉冲HCPEB处理后的更均匀;随着HCPEB脉冲次数由5次增加到15次,合金表面重熔层的厚度由约7.67μm增加到约13.70μm;HCPEB处理后距表面50~250μm处的显微硬度均高于基体的,且均在距表面约70μm处达到最大;在质量分数3.5%NaCl溶液中,经5次脉冲HCPEB处理后合金的自腐蚀电流密度最小,耐腐蚀性能最好,这与钆、钇的溶解以及表面残余压应力有关。     

稀土对激光熔覆金属陶瓷复合层的影响

采用CO2横流激光器在45#钢基体表面熔覆添加不同含量的稀土氧化物CeO2的镍基TiC金属陶瓷复合层;对熔覆层进行了显微组织观察、显微硬度测量、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能测试。结果表明,加入适量的稀土氧化物CeO2,可促进晶粒细化,有效地减少复合层中的裂纹、孔洞和夹杂,提高熔覆层的组织均匀性及表面硬度,明显改善熔覆复合层的耐磨及耐蚀性能。     

AZ31镁合金表面Al-Ti-TiB_2激光熔覆层的组织和性能

采用不同功率(2.5,3.0kW)的高能激光将质量比为1.0∶3.0∶0.5的铝、钛和TiB_2混合粉熔覆在AZ31镁合金表面,研究了该熔覆层的显微组织、物相组成、硬度和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:在激光熔覆过程中,铝与钛反应生成了Al_3Ti相,与镁在激光功率2.5kW下反应生成Al0.56Mg0.44相,在激光功率3.0kW下生成Al12Mg17相,TiB_2仍保持原来的晶体结构;与激光功率2.5kW下的相比,激光功率3.0kW下熔覆层中的Al_3Ti相更细小,且熔覆层与镁合金基体之间形成了共晶层,呈现出更好的冶金结合;激光功率对熔覆层的硬度影响较小,熔覆层硬度均随距表面距离的增大先增后降;激光熔覆可以有效提高镁合金基体的耐腐蚀性能,在激光功率3.0kW下熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能优于激光功率2.5kW下的。     

渗氮电压对液相等离子体电解渗氮层组织及耐腐蚀性能的影响

以氨水和KCl的混合溶液为电解液,利用液相等离子体电解渗氮工艺在180,200,220,240V电压下于38CrMoAl钢表面制备了渗氮层,研究了渗氮电压对渗氮层组织与耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随着渗氮电压升高,渗氮层中白亮层和扩散层的厚度不断增加,当渗氮电压为240V时,白亮层和扩散层的厚度最大,分别为42.9μm和84.9μm;渗氮层表面均呈"火山凸起"微区形貌,随着渗氮电压增大,"火山凸起"微区的落差逐渐增大,孔洞分布均匀性逐渐降低,孔径逐渐增大,渗氮层的峰值硬度先增大后趋于稳定;在200,220,240V电压下制备渗氮层的耐腐蚀性能优于基体的;当渗氮电压为220V时,渗氮层的耐腐蚀性能最好。     

20-22CrMoH钢稀土渗碳组织和性能

研究了20-22CrMoH钢稀土渗碳动力学、稀土对渗碳层组织和性能的影响。结果表明，渗碳过程中稀土添加，使渗碳渗层厚度提高20%～40%，使渗碳层显微组织细化，渗碳层中的显微硬度，耐磨性和多次冲击抗力分别提高10%-15%，34%-40%和28%。     

奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳后的表面组织、硬度与耐蚀性能

为解决常规盐浴渗碳、等离子渗碳等低温渗碳工艺在提高奥氏体不锈钢硬度的同时会降低其耐蚀性能的问题,在LTCSS工艺的基础上,提出了兼顾硬度和耐腐蚀性能的低温气体渗碳工艺,并对304、316奥氏体不锈钢分别在470,500℃进行渗碳处理,研究了渗碳层的组织及耐蚀性能。结果表明:在470℃渗碳后,304、316不锈钢获得15~20μm的耐蚀强化层,硬度提高4~5倍,耐蚀性能未降低;但304不锈钢渗碳层的厚度、硬度及耐蚀性均不如316不锈钢渗碳层的。     

基于镁合金微弧氧化膜层的腐蚀实验研究

本文主要通过微弧氧化工艺优化了AZ31B镁合金的腐蚀性能。在硅酸盐电解液里边,通过改变微弧氧化频率、占空比、电流密度、微弧氧化时间做了四因素三水平的正交实验,发现当频率为1000Hz、占空比为20%、电流密度为1.2A、时间为10min时,膜层自腐蚀电位最低。相较于镁合金基体,自腐蚀电位增加了522mV,极大的降低了镁合金自发性腐蚀的倾向性,因此提高了AZ31B镁合金的耐蚀性。     

金刚石粒子增强锌铝基耐蚀涂层的制备及其性能

为解决锌铝基耐蚀涂层在高速、强摩擦等特殊服役条件下硬度低、耐磨减摩性能差等问题,尝试通过添加金刚石粒子对其进行强化。研究了金刚石粒子及其添加量对涂层硬度、摩擦因数、耐磨性能、腐蚀电流密度和微观组织的影响。结果表明：添加1%0～7%0的金刚石粒子来强化传统锌铝基耐蚀涂层是可行的,不但能够显著提高涂层的硬度和摩擦学性能,而且没有对涂层的耐蚀性造成不利影响。     

Investigating Corrosion Performance and Corrosive Wear Behavior of Sol–gel/MAO-Coated Mg Alloy

In this study, a hydroxyapatite composite coating was prepared by a sol–gel technique on the micro-arc oxidation (MAO)-coated AZ31 Mg alloy to seal the micro-pores. The composite coating achieved a larger hardness value and two times thickness more than pure MAO coating. The corrosion and wear resistance of the sol–gel/MAO coating in simulated body fluid were investigated compared to MAO coating. It was found that the composite coating presented a positive corrosion potential and a lower corrosion current density than MAO coating. The sol–gel/MAO composite coating could provide more effective barrier against corrosive ions than single MAO coating for AZ31 alloy. In the wear tests, a ball-on-disk tribometer was used to study the effect of loads on the wear properties of the coatings at 37 °C. The wear resistance of sol–gel/MAO composite coatings was apparently superior to MAO coating. The wear mechanisms of abrasion and adhesion in composite coatings are investigated. Finally, two physical models for the corrosion and sliding wear mechanisms of sol–gel/MAO composite coatings are proposed, respectively.     

304不锈钢表面预处理对沉积CrMoN涂层性能的影响

使用砂纸将对304不锈钢基体依次打磨至1200^#(1^#工艺)、2000^#(2^#工艺),以及打磨磨至2000^#并经粒度0.5μm金刚石抛光膏抛光(3^#工艺)后,在其表面沉积CrMoN涂层,研究了涂层的物相组成、表面与截面形貌、硬度、表面疏水性、耐腐蚀性能和导电性。结果表明:1^#工艺预处理基体表面沉积涂层的表面粗糙度最大,2^#工艺预处理后的次之,3^#工艺预处理后的最小;涂层均由CrN,Cr₂N,Mo₂N等物相组成;随着基体表面粗糙度的降低,涂层的显微硬度、自腐蚀电位和水接触角增大,自腐蚀电流密度、极化后的界面接触电阻降低;2^#工艺预处理基体表面沉积CrMoN涂层的综合性能优异,与3^#工艺预处理的接近。     

热处理对等离子喷涂铁基非晶合金涂层微观结构和耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上制备Fe48Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2非晶合金涂层,之后对涂层进行200,300,500,600,700℃热处理,研究了热处理对涂层微观结构、耐电化学腐蚀性能和耐均匀腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,涂层的非晶含量降低,孔隙率先减小后增大,经300℃热处理后涂层的孔隙率最低,且低于未热处理涂层的;热处理后涂层中的晶体相主要包括α-Fe,Fe-Cr,Fe63Mo37,Fe3C等;随着热处理温度的升高,涂层的自腐蚀电流密度先减小后增大,经300℃热处理后,自腐蚀电流密度最小,涂层的耐电化学腐蚀性能最好;经过热处理后,涂层在NaCl溶液中浸泡31d后的单位面积质量损失减小,且热处理温度越高,单位面积质量损失越小,涂层的耐均匀腐蚀性能提高。     

超声波辅助选择性电沉积技术研究进展

选择性电沉积技术可用于机械零件局部表面功能性涂层的制备,还可用于局部损失部位的尺寸恢复,该技术具有沉积电流密度大、沉积速度快的特点,但同时存在沉积层残余应力大、易产生裂纹、质量不均匀等不足。将超声波引入选择性电沉积可减小沉积层的内应力,提高沉积层的硬度和耐腐蚀性能,实现机械零件局部高性能涂层的制备及小型精密件的快速成形。介绍了浸没式超声辅助选择性电沉积、超声辅助喷射电沉积以及工件振动式超声辅助喷射电沉积等超声波在选择性电沉积技术中的应用方式,重点介绍了超声波对镀层表面形貌、相结构、硬度、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性等的影响,探讨了超声空化、热效应和机械效应等超声波影响选择性电沉积的机理,并指出了超声波辅助选择性电沉积技术存在的问题及发展方向。     

SiC纳米粒子增强锌铝基耐蚀涂层的制备及性能研究

为解决锌铝基耐蚀涂层在高速、强摩擦等特殊服役条件下的使用问题，探索性地添加SiC纳米粒子对锌铝基耐蚀涂层进行改性，以提高涂层的硬度和强度。研究了SiC纳米粒子及其添加量对涂层硬度、附着强度、耐冲击性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响，并对涂层的微观组织和成分进行了分析。结果表明，添加SiC纳米粒子可显著提高锌铝基耐蚀涂层的硬度，且没有对涂层的附着强度、耐冲击性能和耐腐蚀性能带来负面影响。SiC纳米粒子在涂层中的均匀分散是保障涂层综合性能优异的必要条件。     

Abrasive wear behavior of sprayed hydroxyapitite coatings by gas tunnel type plasma spraying

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings were sprayed using gas tunnel type plasma spraying at different arc currents. Abrasive wear test was carried out for the coatings sprayed at different arc currents under unlubricated conditions in air atmosphere. The abrasive wear rate was measured at different coatings thickness to study the effect of coating thickness on the anti-abrasion resistance of HA coatings. The results showed that the abrasive wear resistance of HA coatings increases as the operating arc current of the plasma torch increases. On the other hand, the abrasive wear rate reaches a minimum value near the substrate with coating thickness less than 50 μm. The results showed that the coating hardness increases in the region near the substrate and increases as the arc current increases. The experimental results indicated that there is a relation between the abrasion resistance and hardness properties of HA coatings.     

Substrate dependence of the scratch resistance of CrN<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> coatings on steel

Hard CrN_x coatings were sputter deposited on hot work tool steel (HWTS) and high speed steel (HSS) in an industrial PVD reactor. Coatings were deposited under various nitrogen flows. The thickness, density, hardness, elastic modulus, composition, and stress were determined for the coatings. The specimens were subjected to scratch testing. Two different failure mechanisms were investigated: chipping and complete coating removal. For all specimens, the coating-to-substrate adhesion was that good that adhesion did not limit the scratch resistance. Therefore, the minimum loads at which a given type of failure was initiated were not a measure for the coating-to-substrate adhesion. The scratch resistance was better for coatings on HSS than for coatings on HWTS. This is due to the higher hardness of the HSS. Substrate independent measures for the scratch resistance of the coating were obtained by considering critical track widths instead of critical loads. The hardening of the coating--substrate systems due to the coating was investigated. The uncoated substrates exhibited track width independent scratch hardness. For the coated specimens the scratch hardness increased with increasing track width until chipping of the coating occurred. Complete coating removal coincided with a decrease in hardness. Although the elastic properties, hardness, and thickness of all coatings were more or less equal, CrN_1.0 coatings outperformed CrN_0.6 coatings in scratch tests both on HSS and on HWTS.     

Microstructure and properties of Fe–Al intermetallic coatings on the low carbon steel synthesized by mechanical alloying

Fe–Al coating was obtained on low carbon steel substrates using mechanical alloying and subsequent heat treatment. Light optical microscopy and a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to conduct the microstructure characterization. Mechanical properties of the coatings were evaluated by microhardness measurements and wear tests. The corrosion behavior was determined by potentiodynamic polarization measurements in 3.5 % NaCl solution. The results of the mechanical and corrosion tests showed that the hardness and wear resistance of the coatings decreased with increasing the milling time, while increase in the milling time resulted in a significant increase in the thickness, porosity level, and corrosion resistance.     

脉冲频率对激光熔覆层微观组织与性能的影响

激光熔覆层内粗大的晶粒与硬质析出相会对涂层耐腐蚀性能与耐冲击性能产生不利影响。采用脉冲激光熔覆技术研究了脉冲频率对涂层微观组织及性能的影响。利用扫描电镜形貌表征涂层微观组织,采用高速摄像机与数值仿真方法分析熔池形貌与温度变化;使用显微硬度计、磨损试验机、夏比冲击试验机及电化学腐蚀仪分别对涂层进行硬度、耐磨性、耐冲击性及耐腐蚀性测试。结果表明,涂层组织随脉冲频率的增大而粗化,同时,脉冲激光会使涂层内部析出相数量先减后增;涂层耐磨性随脉冲频率增大而降低,频率为20 Hz时涂层组织细化且存在细小硬质析出相,耐磨性最佳;涂层耐冲击性与耐腐蚀性随脉冲频率增大会先升后降,频率为80 Hz时涂层硬质相数量明显减少,此时具有最佳的耐冲击性与耐腐蚀性。