Fe-Al催化剂催化丙烯腈与甲基丙烯酸丁酯聚合

以Fe(acac)3-Al(i-Bu)3(acac表示乙酰丙酮)催化体系催化丙烯腈(AN)与甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)聚合,考察了聚合规律,用红外光谱和差热分析研究了共聚物结构,凝胶渗透色谱研究了共聚物分子量及其分布。动力学实验表明聚合对单体浓度呈一级反应,表观活化能为46.1 kJ/mol。     

高黏度指数聚α-烯烃合成润滑油的制备方法

以AlCl₃-乙酰丙酮络合物为催化剂,1-辛烯为原料齐聚合成了聚α-烯烃合成润滑油。考察了AlCl₃物质的量分数、n(AlCl₃)∶n(乙酰丙酮)、反应温度及反应时间对聚α-烯烃合成润滑油收率和性能的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为AlCl₃物质的量分数4%,n(AlCl₃)∶n(乙酰丙酮)=2∶1,反应温度25 ℃,反应时间4 h,此条件下,可以合成黏度指数为173和凝点-40 ℃的聚α-烯烃合成润滑油。     

单电子转移活性自由基聚合法制备表面活性聚合物及性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)为功能单体,2-氯丙酰胺(CPA)为引发剂,采用单电子转移自由基聚合方法,制备无规二元共聚物PAM-co-PAOS。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为c(单体)=2.5 mol/L,n(单体)∶n(CPA)∶n(CuBr)∶n(Me₆TREN)=769∶1.2∶1∶3.8;m(AOS)∶m(AM+AOS)=3.5%。对表面活性聚合物PAM-co-PAOS进行性能研究,在大庆模拟盐水中具有较好的增黏性及表面活性。     

乙酰丙酮钯催化丙交酯聚合及丙交酯-己内酯共聚合研究

丙交酯由乳酸二聚脱水再减压蒸馏而得。以丙交酯或一定配比的丙交酯-己内酯共混物为单体,采用乙酰丙酮钯催化丙交酯的聚合或丙交酯-己内酯的共聚合。研究结果表明:当m(催化剂)∶m(单体)=0.010∶1、聚合时间为15 h和聚合温度为140~℃时,丙交酯的聚合效果相对最佳;此时,聚合转化率(为98.4%)相对最大、聚乳酸的Mη(黏均相对分子质量)(为2.178×104)较适宜且分散度为2.45。当m(催化剂)∶m(单体)=0.010∶1、聚合时间为15 h、聚合温度为140℃和m(丙交酯)∶m(己内酯)=3∶2[即n(丙交酯)∶n(己内酯)=1.19∶1]时,丙交酯-己内酯的共聚合效果相对最佳;此时,转化率(为99.2%)相对最大、聚乳酸的Mη(为4.688×104)较适宜且分散度为2.19,并且共聚物中n(丙交酯)∶n(己内酯)=0.92∶1与共聚前的单体配比(1.19∶1)相近。     

可生物降解苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物的合成工艺研究

以苯乙烯与马来酸酐为聚合单体,在适宜的条件下合成得到可降解的苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物。考察了引发剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、物料比等因素对SMA共聚物中马来酸酐含量及特性粘数的影响。结果表明,BPO量为0.3%、n(St)/n(MA)=1.2∶1、聚合反应温度125℃、聚合反应时间3 h,可以得到相对分子质量Mn=27 303、分子量分布Mw/Mn=1.873 736的SMA共聚物。利用红外谱(IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对产物进行了表征确认。     

可生物降解苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物的合成工艺研究

以苯乙烯与马来酸酐为聚合单体,在适宜的条件下合成得到可降解的苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物。考察了引发剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、物料比等因素对SMA共聚物中马来酸酐含量及特性粘数的影响。结果表明,BPO量为0.3%、n(St)/n(MA)=1.2∶1、聚合反应温度125℃、聚合反应时间3 h,可以得到相对分子质量Mn=27 303、分子量分布Mw/Mn=1.873 736的SMA共聚物。利用红外谱(IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对产物进行了表征确认。     

9-乙基四氢咔唑的合成工艺研究（文章加急）

该文以苯肼、环己酮为起始原料,经醋酸环化合成四氢咔唑,收率达70.5%,再与溴乙烷经烷基化反应制得9-乙基四氢咔唑。产物的结构经~1HNMR和~(13)CNMR表征。经单因素实验考察,确定合成9-乙基四氢咔唑的最优条件为:n(四氢咔唑)∶n(溴乙烷)∶n(氢氧化钠)=1∶4∶1.5,m(四氢咔唑)∶m(碘化钾)=1∶0.01,c(四氢咔唑)=0.50 mol/L,c(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)=2.5×10~(-3)mol/L,乙腈为溶剂,回流反应9 h,收率为86.0%。该路线与传统工艺(环己酮先经氯化再与N-乙基苯胺缩合)相比,可避免氯化副产物生成,反应易控制,更适合工业生产。     

4-(2-乙氧基-2-氧-乙氧基)-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯的合成研究

以4-羟基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(1)和2-溴乙酸乙酯(2)为原料,合成了未见文献报道的4-(2-乙氧基-2-氧-乙氧基)-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(3),考察了反应条件对收率的影响,确定了优惠合成工艺条件:反应温度50℃,反应时间4h,物料比n(1)∶n(2)∶n(K2CO3)=1∶1.2∶1.5,相对于原料1,溶剂二甲基甲酰胺用量为1000mL/mol。产品的收率96.9%,含量98.9%,产品结构经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振确证。     

巴氯酚的高效液相色谱分析方法

建立了简便、快捷巴氯酚[4-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-丁酸]的高效液相色谱定量分析方法;色谱柱Diamonsil C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm),流动相v(0.30 mol/L冰醋酸水溶液)∶v(甲醇)∶v(0.36 mol/L乙酸钠水溶液)=55∶44∶20,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长226 nm。方法精密度良好,RSD值为0.11%(n=5),平均加标回收率为100.54%,RSD为1.76%(n=5)。     

2,5-二溴甲基对苯二甲腈的合成

以对二甲苯为原料,分别通过芳环上的溴代、亲核取代及α-位溴代3步反应,合成了2,5-二溴甲基对苯二甲腈。以碘作催化剂,对二甲苯与液溴在二氯甲烷中于12℃严格避光条件下搅拌反应18 h,得到2,5-二溴对二甲苯;2,5-二溴对二甲苯与氰化亚铜在DMF中加热回流48 h得到2,5-二甲基对苯二甲腈;2,5-二甲基对苯二甲腈与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)在四氯化碳中被偶氮二异丁腈催化反应16 h得到2,5-二溴甲基对苯二甲腈,各步收率分别为96.3%、87.5%、31.4%。借助正交实验优化了各步的反应条件:溴代n(B r2)∶n(p-xylene)=2.2∶1,c(p-xylene)=3.2 mol/L,反应温度12℃,反应时间18 h;亲核取代n(CuCN)∶n(2,5-二溴对二甲苯)=2.5∶1,c(2,5-二溴对二甲苯)=0.2 mol/L,反应温度155℃,反应时间48 h;α-位溴代n(NBS)∶n(2,5-二氰基对二甲苯)=2.1∶1,c(2,5-二氰基对二甲苯)=0.1 mol/L,反应温度80℃,反应时间16 h。并对各步产品进行了质谱和核磁共振氢谱表征。     

一种钻井液用有机高分子絮凝剂的反相乳液法制备

用环己烷作为连续相,Span80/OP10作为复合乳化剂,KPS-TMEDA作氧化还原引发剂,在室温通过反相乳液聚合法制备了黏均相对分子质量大于700万的丙烯酰胺(AM)与丙烯酸钾(AA-K)的稳定共聚物胶乳,并研究了聚合温度、引发剂浓度、单体浓度及配比对聚合物黏均相对分子质量的影响。反应条件:c(KPS)=1 7×10-3mol/L,c(monomer)=3 5～5 5mol/L,n(AA-K)/n(AM)=0 1,温度20～30℃较适宜。对聚合物胶乳的絮凝及泥浆的应用效果进行了评价,发现效果明显,应用方便。     

Synthesis and properties of polyethylene and polypropylene containing hydroxylated cyclic units in the main chain

Polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene containing hydroxylated cyclic units were synthesized by copolymerization of ethylene or propylene and cyclodiolefins, dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB), 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB), with zirconocene catalysts and subsequent hydroboration reaction of residual unsaturated group. The resulting hydroxylated copolymers showed higher glass transition temperature (T_g) than the original and hydrogenated copolymers. Relationship between the cyclodiolefin content and ΔT_g (ΔT_g=difference of T_g between hydroxylated copolymer and hydrogenated copolymer) was given by a straight line independent of the structure of the comonomers. Improvement in shape memory effect was observed in the hydroxylated ethylene-VNB copolymer.     

Kinetics study of an acrylic tetrapolymer: Poly(IBMA–MMA–MAA–TBMA)

In this study, the polymerization kinetics and the molecular structure of the tetrapolymer poly[isobornyl methacrylate (IBMA)–methyl methacrylate (MMA)–methacrylic acid (MAA)–tert‐butyl methacrylate (TBMA)] were investigated. The relationships among the tetrapolymer composition, monomer conversion, and reaction time were studied. Kinetic equations of the four‐component copolymerization related to the mean sequence length, the run number, the reactivity ratio, and the monomer concentration were derived. The mean sequence length of the monomer IBMA increases with the reaction time and monomer conversion. However, those of the other three monomers remain an insignificant variation. Furthermore, the run number decreases rapidly at the end of polymerization. These results suggest that the slow polymerization rate of IBMA is due to its bulky side group. The mean sequence lengths of IBMA, MMA, MAA, and TBMA at the end of polymerization are 1.772, 1.304, 1.169, and 1.229, respectively. On the other hand, the run number of the prepared tetrapolymer is 70.25. The results of the mean sequence length, run number, and the single glass transition temperature suggest that the prepared tetrapolymer is a random copolymer. The molecular weight distribution of the prepared tetrapolymer is significantly affected by polymerization conditions. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 853–863, 2001     

Poly(MAA-AN-DM)两性聚合物复鞣剂的制备及性能

以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、丙烯腈(AN)和甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯(DM)为原料,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,水为反应介质,经自由基共聚合制备了Poly(MAA-AN-DM)两性聚合物复鞣剂,并将其用于皮革的复鞣。用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、凝胶渗透色谱、胶体电荷滴定等对聚合产物的结构和性能进行了表征。用多功能材料实验机和色度计考察了聚合物组成对复鞣革性能的影响。较佳合成条件为:聚合温度80℃,单体量比n(MAA)∶n(AN)∶n(DM)=0.9∶0.3∶0.3,引发剂w(APS)=1.5%,w(单体)=30%,反应时间5.0 h。胶体电荷滴定测出共聚物的等电点为4.36,凝胶渗透色谱分析出共聚物的数均相对分子质量为84 688,分散系数为2.07。用w〔Poly(MAA-AN-DM)〕=2%的聚合物对猪蓝湿革进行复鞣,可使蓝湿革收缩温度提高5.5℃,抗张强度增加76.5%,增厚13.2%,革身饱满、无败色现象。     

甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺的合成研究

丙烯酰胺(AM)与甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)进行水溶液聚合,考察了引发剂浓度、温度、单体配比、pH值、引发剂等因素对共聚物的阳离子度、特性黏度以及相对分子质量的影响。结果表明,制备高相对分子质量的阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺的最佳工艺条件为:pH为8,温度为50℃,引发剂的用量为0.8 mmol/L,DMC∶AM(摩尔比)=1∶3。     

Effect of Co and V complexes on polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by AlEt2Br‐TEMPO catalyst

2,2,6,6‐Tetramethyl piperidinoxy (TEMPO) activated with diethyl aluminum bromide was employed as an initiator system for methyl methacrylate polymerization. Effect of addition of Co(acac)₃ and VO(acac)₂ complexes to the initiators system on methyl methacrylate polymerization were studied in benzene solvent. Various reaction parameters such as Al/TEMPO, monomer concentration, reaction temperature and time applied to the polymerization were investigated. The polymer yields, molecular weight and molecular weight distributions can be controlled with the addition of Co(acac)₃ to the initiator system. PMMA's of molecular weight distributions, as low as 1.10 was obtained under relatively mild conditions, in the temperature range 40–60°C in benzene solvent. However, Co and V complexes did not influence the micro structure of the PMMA's formed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

A novel rare earth coordination catalyst for polymerization of biodegradable aliphatic lactones and lactides

A novel rare earth coordination system composed of lanthanide trifluoroacetates Ln(CF₃COO)₃ (Ln=Y, Yb, Nd, Tm, Ho, La, Pr) and tri-isobutylaluminium Al(i-Bu)₃ was used as catalyst for the polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL), D ,L -lactide (DLLA) and their copolymerization. The influence of temperature, time and catalyst concentration on polymerization yields and molecular weights of the polyesters have been studied. It was shown that the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters catalysed by Ln(CF₃COO)₃/Al(i-Bu)₃ has some living character and the molecular weight of the polyester could be controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of monomer to catalyst. The DLLA/CL copolymer was synthesized by sequential addition of monomers and the structure of the copolyester was characterized by GPC, NMR and DSC. © 1998 SCI.     

Synthesis and characterization of silicon-containing graft copolymers

Poly(4-t-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene)-g-poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(t-butylmethacrylate)-g-poly(dimethylsiloxane) with various chemical compositions were synthesized via free radical polymerization of 4-t-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene (TBCS) or t-butylmethacrylate (TBMA) with silicone macromers. These macromers were prepared by anionic ring-opening polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D₃) and subsequent termination with a chlorosilane compound having a methacrylate functionality. The morphology of the graft copolymer systems was investigated by DSC and TEM.     

Emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate using poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)-graft-polyoxyethylene as the stabilizer

This study involved the use of an amphipathic graft copolymer, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)–graft–polyoxyethylene, as a stabilizer in the emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The stabilizing effectiveness of this graft copolymer was studied as a function of its chemical structure. It was found that the stabilizing effectiveness of the graft copolymer was independent of the molecular weight of the backbone within the investigated range of 4 × 10³ g/mol to 2 × 10⁴ g/mol. In all cases, stable emulsion polymerizations of methyl methacrylate were observed. Effective stabilization also occurred when the graft moieties possessed a molecular weight of either 2 × 10³ g/mol or 5 × 10³ g/mol. However, the stabilizing effectiveness was found to be dependent on the amount of polyoxyethylene (POE) contained in the graft copolymer. In this case, graft copolymers possessing 67% by weight POE were poor stabilizers, but ones with 85% POE were very good stabilizers. Moreover, the graft copolymers were found to be superior stabilizers as compared to POE homopolymers.